PSICOPATÍA

En ocasiones, cuando se solicita a profesionales de un sector de la Psicología o relacionados a ella, explicar y describir las causas, características y otros aspectos de lo que ha sido etiquetado como psicopatía, brindan una información sesgada, que no se cimienta en las investigaciones científicas que se han realizado a lo largo de los años. Por tal razón, el objetivo del presente artículo teórico es dilucidar estas nociones, fundamentándose en datos que se amparan rigurosamente en las evidencias. Para ello, se empezará con un recorrido a nivel histórico respecto a los cambios que se han dado en la terminología del constructo clínico, luego se va a realizar un abordaje explicativo sobre sus causas, para posteriormente dar una descripción detallada acerca de sus características controversiales. Finalmente, se establecerá su relación con el trastorno antisocial de la personalidad y la sociopatía

Sesquiterpene lactones affect the redox system of trypanosoma cruzi

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and affects millions of people worldwide, mostly in Latin America. Despite its sanitary importance, there are currently only two drugs available for its treatment: benznidazole and nifurtimox, both exhibiting serious adverse effects on patients. In order to complete its life cycle, T. cruzi faces extreme environmental conditions ?i.e. oxidative stress- as it propagates from an insect vector to a mammalian host, driving the transition from non-infective epimastigote to the infective form trypomastigote. It is known that the antioxidant defense system in the trypanosomatids is different from that in mammalian cells since the parasites have exclusive molecules and reducing enzymes. Because of this, the parasite redox machinery is an attractive target for antiparasitic therapies. The sesquiterpene lactone dehydroleucodine (DhL), is a trypanocidal molecule containing an alpha-methylene group that could react with sulfhydryl groups of key redox enzymes. This study was focused on elucidating the DhL mechanism of action and extended to ten DhL derivatives (DC-X1 to DC-X10) obtained by chemical substitutions on the methylene group. We firstly confirmed an antiproliferative effect of DhL and its chemical derivatives, being DC- X6 one of the most active. The effect of DhL and DC-X6 was blocked by reduced glutathione, suggesting that compounds are reactive to sulfhydryl groups of certain molecules. Moreover, parasites overexpressing reducing enzymes, such as Tc-CPX, showed a protective effect against these STLs. Consistent with these results, both STLs increased ROS concentration in the wild type parasites. These results indicate that STLs induce oxidative stress on the parasites, possibly by affecting some crucial enzymes of the redox system.Fil: Gomez, Jessica Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología D/mend Dr.m.burgos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Guarise, C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología D/mend Dr.m.burgos; ArgentinaFil: Tello Faral, P.. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo; UruguayFil: Robello, Carlos. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo; UruguayFil: Caballero, P.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología D/mend Dr.m.burgos; ArgentinaFil: Cifuente, Diego Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, M. A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología D/mend Dr.m.burgos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Barrera, Patricia Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Histología y Embriología D/mend Dr.m.burgos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaXXXVII Reunión Científica Anual de la Sociedad de Biología de CuyoSan LuisArgentinaSociedad de Biología de Cuy

Pseudomalabsorción como causa de altos requerimientos de levotiroxina: experiencia en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación

Se presentan cinco casos de pacientes con hipotiroidismo primario y altos requerimientos de levotiroxina, que luego de haber tenido un abordaje convencional en el ajuste de las dosis necesarias de levotiroxina por el peso y etiología de hipotiroidismo, recomendación y educación para el consumo adecuado de levotiroxina, optimización de la calidad del medicamento recibido, eliminación de interferencias con la absorción por medicamentos o alimentos, reposición de deficiencia de vitamina B12, desparasitación, descartar enfermedad celíaca y gastritis autoinmune atrófica, persisten con TSH elevada pese al uso de dosis altas de levotiroxina (mayores de 2,5 µg/kg/día). Se les practicó prueba de absorción de levotiroxina con 1.000 µg en dosis única de carga y evaluación de los incrementos de T4 libre a las 2 y 4 horas en cuatro pacientes y en uno con suministro semanal de la dosis de levotiroxina y evaluación semanal de T4 libre. Se confirmó en los cinco pacientes la capacidad de absorción de levotiroxina, constituyendo cinco casos de pseudomalabsorción de levotiroxina. Abstract Five patients with primary hypothyroidism and high levothyroxine dose requirements (>2.5 µg/kg/day) are presented. All patients had usual adjustment of the levothyroxine dose according to weight and hypothyroidism etiology. Patients were educated about the appropriate way of drug intake, the quality of the hormone replacement was assessed and withdrawal of all medications potentially interrupting with the levothyroxine absorption was done. All patients had vitamin B12 replacement, were treated for gastrointestinal parasites and celiac disease and autoimmune atrophic gastritis was ruled out. Despite correction of all this factors these patients had elevated TSH. To evaluate a potential mala-absorptive case all patients underwent a levothyroxine absorption test. In 4 cases, 1000 µg of levothyroxine was administered and free T4 was evaluated at 2 and 4 hours after intake of the drug. In 1 case, the levothyroxine was administered weekly with free t4 evaluation. Appropriate levothyroxine absorption was confirmed in all cases and the diagnosis of pseudo mal-absorption of levothyroxine was done

Comportamiento de mezclas de ajonjolí (Sesamun indicum L.) bajo dos distancias de siembra.

Estudios sobre mezclas mecánicas de semilla en cereales han señalado resultados benéficos para incrementar el rendimiento en avena, trigo y cebada. Con base en lo anterior, se efectuó un ensayo en las localidades de Armero y Espinal, departamento del Tolima, para estudiar 3 mezclas mecánicas de ajonjolí, con el propósito de determinar su efecto en el rendimiento. El experimento se llevó a cabo con 2 variedades de ajonjolí, ICA Pacandé (ramificada) e ICA Ambalá (no ramificada), y 3 líneas promisorias ramificadas, sembradas a distancias entre surcos de 0.75 m (óptima para la ramificada) y 0.50 m (óptima para la no ramificada). Los tratamientos utilizados fueron: mezclas en porcentajes de 25-75, 50-50 y 75-25 de semilla ICA-Pacandé e ICA-Ambalá, incluyendo las variables individuales en las 2 distancias entre surcos, 3 líneas promisorias. No hubo diferencias significativas en rendimiento para localidades e interacción tratamiento por localidades, los promedios de rendimiento de las variedades ICA-Pacandé (1.155.0 kg/ha) e ICA-Ambalá (1.156.0 kg/ha) superaron al obtenido con las 3 mezclas en las 2 distancias entre surcos. De las mezclas, el mejor comportamiento en rendimiento (1.117 kg/ha) lo presentó la mezcla de 25 por ciento de ICA-Pacandé y 75 por ciento de ICA-Ambalá, sembrada a 0.75 m entre surcosAjonjolí-Sésamo - Sesamum indicu

The MillenniumTNG Project: The hydrodynamical full physics simulation and a first look at its galaxy clusters

Cosmological simulations are an important theoretical pillar for understanding nonlinear structure formation in our Universe and for relating it to observations on large scales. In several papers, we introduce our MillenniumTNG (MTNG) project that provides a comprehensive set of high-resolution, large volume simulations of cosmic structure formation aiming to better understand physical processes on large scales and to help interpreting upcoming large-scale galaxy surveys. We here focus on the full physics box MTNG740 that computes a volume of $(740\,\mathrm{Mpc})^3$ with a baryonic mass resolution of $3.1\times~10^7\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ using \textsc{arepo} with $80.6$~billion cells and the IllustrisTNG galaxy formation model. We verify that the galaxy properties produced by MTNG740 are consistent with the TNG simulations, including more recent observations. We focus on galaxy clusters and analyse cluster scaling relations and radial profiles. We show that both are broadly consistent with various observational constraints. We demonstrate that the SZ-signal on a deep lightcone is consistent with Planck limits. Finally, we compare MTNG740 clusters with galaxy clusters found in Planck and the SDSS-8 RedMaPPer richness catalogue in observational space, finding very good agreement as well. However, {\it simultaneously} matching cluster masses, richness, and Compton-$y$ requires us to assume that the SZ mass estimates for Planck clusters are underestimated by $0.2$~dex on average. Thanks to its unprecedented volume for a high-resolution hydrodynamical calculation, the MTNG740 simulation offers rich possibilities to study baryons in galaxies, galaxy clusters, and in large scale structure, and in particular their impact on upcoming large cosmological surveys.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS, comments welcom

Modeling the Sources and Chemistry of Polar Tropospheric Halogens (Cl, Br, and I) Using the CAM-Chem Global Chemistry-Climate Model

31 pags., 12 figs., 6 tabs. -- Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 4.0. -- jame20925-sup-0001_Supporting_Information.pdfCurrent chemistry climate models do not include polar emissions and chemistry of halogens. This work presents the first implementation of an interactive polar module into the very short-lived (VSL) halogen version of the Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry (CAM-Chem) model. The polar module includes photochemical release of molecular bromine, chlorine, and interhalogens from the sea-ice surface, and brine diffusion of iodine biologically produced underneath and within porous sea-ice. It also includes heterogeneous recycling of inorganic halogen reservoirs deposited over fresh sea-ice surfaces and snow-covered regions. The polar emission of chlorine, bromine, and iodine reach approximately 32, 250, and 39 Gg/year for Antarctica and 33, 271, and 4 Gg/year for the Arctic, respectively, with a marked seasonal cycle mainly driven by sunlight and sea-ice coverage. Model results are validated against polar boundary layer measurements of ClO, BrO, and IO, and satellite BrO and IO columns. This validation includes satellite observations of IO over inner Antarctica for which an iodine “leapfrog” mechanism is proposed to transport active iodine from coastal source regions to the interior of the continent. The modeled chlorine and bromine polar sources represent up to 45% and 80% of the global biogenic VSL and VSL emissions, respectively, while the Antarctic sea-ice iodine flux is ~10 times larger than that from the Southern Ocean. We present the first estimate of the contribution of polar halogen emissions to the global tropospheric halogen budget. CAM-Chem includes now a complete representation of halogen sources and chemistry from pole-to-pole and from the Earth's surface up to the stratopause.This study has been funded by the European Research Council Executive Agency under the European Union′s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program (Project “ERC‐2016‐COG 726349 CLIMAHAL”) and supported by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) of Spain. Computing resources, support, and data storage are provided and maintained by the Computational and Information System Laboratory from the National Center of Atmospheric Research (CISL,2017). R. P. F. would like to thank CONICET, ANPCyT (PICT 2015‐0714), UNCuyo (SeCTyP M032/3853), and UTN (PID 4920‐194/2018) for the financial support. Partial funding for this work was provided by the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) project (PE18200). The contributions of the University of Bremen have been supported by the State of Bremen, the German Research Foundation (DFG), the German Aerospace (DLR), and the European Space Agency (ESA). We gratefully acknowledge the funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) —Projektnummer 268020496—TRR 172, within the Transregional Collaborative Research Center “ArctiC Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and SurfaCe Processes,and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3 ” in subproject C03 as well as the support by the University of Bremen Institutional Strategy Measure M8 in the framework of the DFG Excellence Initiative

Survival of patients receiving a liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma, and risk of tumor recurrence

Objective: the goal of this research has been to evaluate the survival, in long and short term, of the patient receiving liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the risk of posttransplant tumor relapse and factors related to this complication. Design: retrospective study of a consecutive series of patients having had liver transplant for HCC. Patients and methodology: transplant patients for HCC from 1989 to November 2003. Patients were selected due to general limitations of nodule size and quantity, which were subsequently published as Milan criteria. Also, criteria agreed in the Conference of Barcelona were followed in the pre-transplant diagnosis. Results: the survival of this 81 patients group was of the 80, 61 and 52% for 1, 5 and 10 years respectively. In the 32% of the cases the HCC was an incidental finding in the explant. In the 12.3%, the tumor relapse was verified. The multivariate research identified the size of the nodule (OR = 1,7944) (IC 95% = 1,1332-2,8413) and the vascular invasion (OR = 6,6346) (IC 95% = 1,4624-30,1003) as risk factors of relapse. Conclusions: the liver transplant in selected patients with HCC has good results in medium and long term. The risk of post-transplant tumor relapse becomes notably reduced and is associated with the size of the nodule and the microscopic vascular invasion

In-situ and Ex-situ characterization of III-V semiconductor materials and solar cells upon 10 MEV proton irradiation

In this work we present the results and analysis of a 10 MeV proton irradiation experiment performed on III-V semiconductor materials and solar cells. A set of representative devices including lattice-matched InGaP/GaInAs/Ge triple junction solar cells and single junction GaAs and InGaP component solar cells and a Ge diode were irradiated for different doses. The devices were studied in-situ before and after each exposure at dark and 1 sun AM0 illumination conditions, using a solar simulator connected to the irradiation chamber through a borosilicate glass window. Ex-situ characterization techniques included dark and 1 sun AM0 illumination I-V measurements. Furthermore, numerical simulation of the devices using D-AMPS-1D code together with calculations based on the TRIM software were performed in order to gain physical insight on the experimental results. The experiment also included the proton irradiation of an unprocessed Ge solar cell structure as well as the irradiation of a bare Ge(100) substrate. Ex-situ material characterization, after radioactive deactivation of the samples, includes Raman spectroscopy and spectral reflectivity

MANTICORE II: IP Network as a Service Pilots at HEAnet, NORDUnet and RedIRIS

MANTICORE II follows the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) paradigm to enable National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) and other e-infrastructure providers to enhance their service portfolio by building and piloting the deployment of tools to provide infrastructure resources and IP networks as a service to virtual research communities. MANTICORE II is carrying out the following activities: * Robust and modular implementation of IaaS management tools. * Pilot software deployment and evaluation at HEAnet, NORDUnet and RedIRIS. * Design and implement a simple yet powerful graphical interface for the IP Network Service. * Study and simulate mechanisms to implement an infrastructure marketplace. * Study business models and use cases for commercial services based on MANTICORE II principles.Postprint (published version

Competence in metered-dose inhaler technique among healthcare workers of three general hospitals in Mexico: it is not good after all these years

Introduction: Inhaled medication is the cornerstone of pharmacological treatment for chronic respiratory diseases. Therefore, it is important to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) correctly to get the appropriate dosage and benefit from the drug. Health-care workers (HCW) are responsible for teaching the correct MDI technique. Unfortunately, numerous studies consistently show that HCW have poor MDI technique. This study aimed to evaluate the current knowledge of MDI technique in HCW working in three general hospitals. Material and methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in three general hospitals in Aguascalientes, México. Three surveyors simultaneously scored through a 14 dichotomic questions list as bad, regular, good, and very good MDI technique. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test or unpaired t-tests. An analysis of one-way ANOVA was used for comparison of three independent general hospitals. Values of p < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: A total of 244 HCWs were surveyed: 78.3% were nurses whereas 21.3% were physicians. The inter-observer concor-dance analysis among observers was 0.97. We observed that 32.4% (79) performed a bad technique, 51.6% (126) a regular technique, 13.5% (33) a good one, and 2.5% HCW (6) a very good technique. No difference between gender, labor category, schedule, service, age, seniority, and education degree between the three hospitals was observed. The most common mistakes were “insufficient expiration prior to activation of the device”, and “the distance the inhaler was placed for inhalation” (83 and 84% respectively). Conclusion: We observed that a high percentage of HCW do not follow the MDI technique correctly, being this percentage even higher than the reported in other studies. These observations suggest the urgent need to establish frequent training programs for the correct use of MDI