Multi-physic system simplification method applied to a helicopter flight axis active control

A helicopter flight axis control, which is a complex multi-physic system, is modelled using an energetic based graphical tool: the Energetic Macroscopic Representation. Elements of the system are mainly composed of passive technologies and their number tends to increase year after year to improve the pilots comfort by adding new functions. A new methodology is proposed to transform the system into a new active one by replacing some hydro-mechanical elements by a new controllable active mechanical source. The challenge is to simplify the flight control architecture while preserving the global behaviour of the system

Multi-physic system simplification method applied to a helicopter flight axis active control

International audienceA helicopter flight axis control, which is a complex multi-physic system, is modelled using an energetic based graphical tool: the Energetic Macroscopic Representation. Elements of the system are mainly composed of passive technologies and their number tends to increase year after year to improve the pilots comfort by adding new functions. A new methodology is proposed to transform the system into a new active one by replacing some hydro-mechanical elements by a new controllable active mechanical source. The challenge is to simplify the flight control architecture while preserving the global behaviour of the system

Modelling and Control of an Effort Feedback Actuator in Helicopter Flight Control Using Energetic Macroscopic Representation

In helicopter field, electromechanical devices controllers are usually designed and tuned from global analysis with transfer functions calculations. This leads to control architectures with a reduced number of controllers. Their regulating loops are usually global PID controllers where parameters are directly set up on dedicated test benches. Energetic representation tools such as Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) aim at simplifying systems analysis and control providing model and control structuring method. In this paper, a simplified helicopter flight axis control is modelled with the intention of controlling the helicopter stick force feedback. Performances of both global PID and energetic model based inversion controllers are discussed through simulation results

Modelling and Control of an Effort Feedback Actuator in Helicopter Flight Control Using Energetic Macroscopic Representation

In helicopter field, electromechanical devices controllers are usually designed and tuned from global analysis with transfer functions calculations. This leads to control architectures with a reduced number of controllers. Their regulating loops are usually global PID controllers where parameters are directly set up on dedicated test benches. Energetic representation tools such as Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) aim at simplifying systems analysis and control providing model and control structuring method. In this paper, a simplified helicopter flight axis control is modelled with the intention of controlling the helicopter stick force feedback. Performances of both global PID and energetic model based inversion controllers are discussed through simulation results

Modelling and Control of a Complex Multi-physic System Application to Helicopter flight axis control

A helicopter flight axis control, which is a complex multi-physic system, is modelled using an energetic based graphical tool. Element of the system are mainly composed of passive technologies and their number tends to increase years after years to improve the pilots comfort by adding new functions. Thanks to the recent march in electronic fields and in order to simplify flight structures, new active systems have come out in aeronautical systems, a specific sector which requires extreme rigors and approved technology. In this paper, a simplified helicopter flight axis control is modelled with the intention of controlling the helicopter stick force feedback. Using the Energetic Macroscopic Representation the detailed methodology presented in this paper is helpful to determine an adequate control for active systems with sampled signals.International audienceA helicopter flight axis control, which is a complex multi-physic system, is modelled using an energetic based graphical tool. Element of the system are mainly composed of passive technologies and their number tends to increase years after years to improve the pilots comfort by adding new functions. Thanks to the recent march in electronic fields and in order to simplify flight structures, new active systems have come out in aeronautical systems, a specific sector which requires extreme rigors and approved technology. In this paper, a simplified helicopter flight axis control is modelled with the intention of controlling the helicopter stick force feedback. Using the Energetic Macroscopic Representation the detailed methodology presented in this paper is helpful to determine an adequate control for active systems with sampled signals

Modelling and Control of a Complex Multi-physic System Application to Helicopter flight axis control

A helicopter flight axis control, which is a complex multi-physic system, is modelled using an energetic based graphical tool. Element of the system are mainly composed of passive technologies and their number tends to increase years after years to improve the pilots comfort by adding new functions. Thanks to the recent march in electronic fields and in order to simplify flight structures, new active systems have come out in aeronautical systems, a specific sector which requires extreme rigors and approved technology. In this paper, a simplified helicopter flight axis control is modelled with the intention of controlling the helicopter stick force feedback. Using the Energetic Macroscopic Representation the detailed methodology presented in this paper is helpful to determine an adequate control for active systems with sampled signals

On-chip beam rotators, polarizers and adiabatic mode converters through low-loss waveguides with variable cross-sections

Photonics integrated circuitry would benefit considerably from the ability to arbitrarily control waveguide cross-sections with high precision and low loss, in order to provide more degrees of freedom in manipulating propagating light. Here, we report on a new optical-fibres-compatible glass waveguide by femtosecond laser writing, namely spherical phase induced multi-core waveguide (SPIM-WG), which addresses this challenging task with three dimensional on-chip light control. Precise deformation of cross-sections is achievable along the waveguide, with shapes and sizes finely controllable of high resolution in both horizontal and vertical transversal directions. We observed that these waveguides have high refractive index contrast of 0.017, low propagation loss of 0.14 dB/cm, and very low coupling loss of 0.19 dB coupled from a single mode fibre. SPIM-WG devices were easily fabricated that were able to perform on-chip beam rotation through varying angles, or manipulate polarization state of propagating light for target wavelengths. We also demonstrated SPIM-WG mode converters that provide arbitrary adiabatic mode conversion with high efficiency between symmetric and asymmetric non-uniform modes; examples include circular, elliptical modes and asymmetric modes from ppKTP waveguides which are generally applied in frequency conversion and quantum light sources. Created inside optical glass, these waveguides and devices have the capability to operate across ultra-broad bands from visible to infrared wavelengths. The compatibility with optical fibre also paves the way toward packaged photonic integrated circuitry, which usually needs input and output fibre connections

The role of RelA (p65) threonine 505 phosphorylation in the regulation of cell growth, survival, and migration

The NF-κB family of transcription factors is a well-established regulator of the immune and inflammatory responses and also plays a key role in other cellular processes, including cell death, proliferation, and migration. Conserved residues in the trans-activation domain of RelA, which can be posttranslationally modified, regulate divergent NF-κB functions in response to different cellular stimuli. Using rela(−/−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts reconstituted with RelA, we find that mutation of the threonine 505 (T505) phospho site to alanine has wide-ranging effects on NF-κB function. These include previously described effects on chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis, as well as new roles for this modification in autophagy, cell proliferation, and migration. This last effect was associated with alterations in the actin cytoskeleton and expression of cellular migration–associated genes such as WAVE3 and α-actinin 4. We also define a new component of cisplatin-induced, RelA T505–dependent apoptosis, involving induction of NOXA gene expression, an effect explained at least in part through induction of the p53 homologue, p73. Therefore, in contrast to other RelA phosphorylation events, which positively regulate NF-κB function, we identified RelA T505 phosphorylation as a negative regulator of its ability to induce diverse cellular processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, and migration