6,686 research outputs found

    Cholesterol modulates acetylcholine receptor diffusion by tuning confinement sojourns and nanocluster stability

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    Translational motion of neurotransmitter receptors is key for determining receptor number at the synapse and hence, synaptic efficacy. We combine live-cell STORM superresolution microscopy of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) with single-particle tracking, mean-squared displacement (MSD), turning angle, ergodicity, and clustering analyses to characterize the lateral motion of individual molecules and their collective behaviour. nAChR diffusion is highly heterogeneous: subdiffusive, Brownian and, less frequently, superdiffusive. At the single-track level, free walks are transiently interrupted by ms-long confinement sojourns occurring in nanodomains of ~36 nm radius. Cholesterol modulates the time and the area spent in confinement. Turning angle analysis reveals anticorrelated steps with time-lag dependence, in good agreement with the permeable fence model. At the ensemble level, nanocluster assembly occurs in second-long bursts separated by periods of cluster disassembly. Thus, millisecond-long confinement sojourns and second-long reversible nanoclustering with similar cholesterol sensitivities affect all trajectories; the proportion of the two regimes determines the resulting macroscopic motional mode and breadth of heterogeneity in the ensemble population.Fil: Mosqueira, Alejo. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Camino, Pablo A.. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Barrantes, Francisco Jose. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentin

    Acciones en Costa Rica para potenciar la integración de habilidades y conocimientos en la implementación curricular

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    En 2012 fueron aprobados nuevos programas de estudio en Matemáticas en Costa Rica, para la enseñanza primaria y media. Tales programas proponen una metodología de enseñanza aprendizaje basada en la resolución de problemas, con especial énfasis en contextos reales. Esta metodología permite de manera natural, entre otras cosas, integrar diversas habilidades mediante un solo problema. Diversas actividades del Proyecto Reforma de la Educación Matemática en Costa Rica se han realizado para fortalecer la integración de habilidades y conocimientos como una estrategia que corresponde a la resolución de problemas y permite la mejor gestión del currículo en las aulas costarricense

    Creencias sobre lo que significa saber matemáticas en estudiantes de la enseñanza media costarricense

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    En este trabajo se presentan y analizan algunos resultados obtenidos en un estudio sobre creencias, con respecto a las matemáticas y su enseñanza aprendizaje, de los estudiantes de la enseñanza media costarricense

    El papel de la geometría en el currículo de enseñanza primaria y media

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    En mayo de 2012 fueron aprobados en Costa Rica nuevos programas de estudio en matemáticas para la educación general básica. Tales programas representan un salto cualitativo en relación con los programas anteriores, tanto en la metodología que propone como en los temas a estudiar. Los cambios en contenidos son particularmente profundos en el área de Estadística y Probabilidad, pero son importantes también, así como en el enfoque, en el área de Geometría. Aquí se describe y analiza el papel que la Geometría desempeña en el nuevo currículo de Matemáticas para la educación primaria y media costarricense

    Contact forces distribution for a granular material from a Monte Carlo study on a single grain

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    The force network ensemble is one of the most promising statistical descriptions of granular media, with an entropy accounting for all force configurations at mechanical equilibrium consistent with some external stress. It is possible to define a temperature-like parameter, the angoricity {\alpha}^{-1}, which under isotropic compression is a scalar variable. This ensemble is frequently studied on whole packings of grains; however, previous works have shown that spatial correlations can be neglected in many cases, opening the door to studies on a single grain. Our work develops a Monte Carlo method to sample the force ensemble on a single grain at constant angoricity on two and three-dimensional mono-disperse granular systems, both with or without static friction. The results show that, despite the steric exclusions and the constrictions of Coulomb's limit and repulsive normal forces, the pressure per grain always show a gamma distribution with scale parameter {\nu} = {\alpha}^{-1} and shape parameter k close to k', the number of degrees of freedom in the system. Moreover, the average pressure per grain fulfills an equipartition theorem =k'{\alpha}^{-1} in all cases (in close parallelism with the one for an ideal gas). These results suggest the existence of k' independent random variables (i.e. elementary forces) with identical exponential distributions as the basic elements for describing the force network ensemble at low angoricities under isotropic compression, in analogy with the volume ensemble of granular materials

    Percolation study for the capillary ascent of a liquid through a granular soil

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    Capillary rise plays a crucial role in the construction of road embankments in flood zones, where hydrophobic compounds are added to the soil to suppress the rising of water and avoid possible damage of the pavement. Water rises through liquid bridges, menisci and trimers, whose width and connectivity depends on the maximal half-length {\lambda} of the capillary bridges among grains. Low {\lambda} generate a disconnect structure, with small clusters everywhere. On the contrary, for high {\lambda}, create a percolating cluster of trimers and enclosed volumes that form a natural path for capillary rise. Hereby, we study the percolation transition of this geometric structure as a function of {\lambda} on a granular media of monodisperse spheres in a random close packing. We determine both the percolating threshold {\lambda}_{c} = (0.049 \pm 0.004)R (with R the radius of the granular spheres), and the critical exponent of the correlation length {\nu} = (0.830 \pm 0.051), suggesting that the percolation transition falls into the universality class of ordinary percolation

    Review of the book Developing Self-Regulation of Learning and Teacher Skills among Teacher Candidates

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