The Alternative Business History: Business in Emerging Markets

This article suggests that the business history of emerging markets should be seen as an alternative business history, rather than merely adding new settings to explore established core debates. The discipline of business history evolved around the corporate strategies and structures of developed economies. The growing literature on the business history of emerging markets addresses contexts that are different from those of developed markets. These regions had long eras of foreign domination, had extensive state intervention, faced institutional inefficiencies, and experienced extended turbulence. This article suggests that this context drove different business responses than are found in the developed world. Entrepreneurs counted more than managerial hierarchies; immigrants and diaspora were critical sources of entrepreneurship; illegal and informal forms of business were common; diversified business groups rather than the M-form became the major form of large-scale business; corporate strategies to deal with turbulence were essential; and radical corporate social-responsibility concepts were pursued by some firms

History in a Changing World

viii,246 hlm;22 c

Anuario nº8 – América colonial, población y economía

• Presentación • Geoffrey Barraclough: Europa, Rusia y Estados Unidos en el siglo XIX. Especulaciones y escritos políticos. • Nicolás Sánchez-Albornoz y Susana Torrado: Perfil y proyecciones de la demografía histórica en la Argentina. • Elda R. González y Rolando Mellafe: la función de la familia en la historia social de Hispanoamérica colonial. • David Noble Cook: La población indígena en el Perú colonial. • Antonia Antonione: el padrón de Montevideo de 1743. • Beatriz Rasini: Estructura democráfica de Jujuy. Siglo XVIII • José Luis Moreno: La estructura social y demográfica de la ciudad de Buenos Aires en el año 1778. • María del Pilar Chao: La población de Potosí en 1779. • Ofelia Casañas: La población de Santa María (Catamarca) entre los censos nacionales de 1869 y 1895. • SOCIEDAD Y ECONOMÍA • Álvaro Jara: economía minera e Historia hispanoamericana. • Nicolás Sánchez-Albornoz: LA saca de mulas de Salta al Perú, 1778-1808. • Graciela I. de Roncoroni: un aspecto del comercio salteño (1778-1811). • María del Carmen Carlé: Tensiones y revueltas urbanas en León y Castilla. Siglos XIII – XIV. • CRÓNICA • Nicolás Sánchez-Albornoz: Los Congresos de Munich y Viena. • Dos nuevas revistas • Vida del institutoFil: Barraclough, Geoffrey. Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas. Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad del Litoral. Rosario, Argentin

The Times Concise Atlas of World History

https://scholar.dominican.edu/cynthia-stokes-brown-books-world-history/1029/thumbnail.jp

Prevention of access-related infection in dialysis

Access-related infections (ARIs), such as exit-site infections, tunnel infections, bacteremia, fungemia and peritonitis, are the Achilles' heel of dialysis, and contribute significantly to morbidity, mortality and excess healthcare costs in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patient populations. Despite international guidelines recommending the avoidance of catheters for hemodialysis access, hospital admissions for vascular ARIs have doubled in the last decade. Moreover, repeated use of antibiotics to treat ARIs has been associated with the selection of multiresistant organisms, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. ARIs result from direct inoculation of skin organisms during access cannulation/connection, migration of skin organisms along dialysis catheters into the bloodstream or peritoneal cavity, or contamination and colonization of catheter lumens with subsequent biofilm formation. This paper will review the epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention of ARIs. It will focus specifically on randomized, controlled trial evidence in relation to the safety and efficacy of aseptic techniques, nasal eradication of S. aureus, oral antimicrobial prophylaxis, topical antimicrobial prophylaxis (including disinfectants, antibiotics and antibacterial honey), antimicrobial catheter lock solutions (including gentamicin, citrate and ethanol), antimicrobial-impregnated catheters, catheter design (straight vs coiled, single vs double cuff), peritoneal dialysis catheter connectology, catheter insertion technique, germicidal devices, vaccines and preinsertion antibiotic prophylaxis

Hepatitis B virus infection in hemodialysis populations: Progress toward prevention

Hemodialysis patients are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Administration of the standard HBV vaccine is suboptimal as a means of prevention because of an impaired seroconversion response in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Surquin and colleagues describe a novel vaccine adjuvant system that increases speed of seroconversion and duration of seroprotection compared with older vaccine formulations. However, its ability to improve overall seroconversion response remains unproven. © 2010 International Society of Nephrology