Service not self : the British Legion, 1921-1939

The organisation of ex-service men into a mass membership movement was a new departure in British life. Four main groups came together in 1921 to form the British Legion. On its establishment, the leadership, who were predominantly high- ranking ex-officers, had high hopes of forming an extremely powerful and influential organisation. Due to a number of inherent flaws in the Legion's ideology, composition and character, the organisation never became a truly mass movement of all ex-service men. This work looks at the dynamics of the movement and provides insights into the motivations of its leaders and their impact upon the organisation. It provides a detailed account of the structure of the Legion and explores the strengths and weaknesses of the movement. The existence of a semi-autonomous Officer's Benevolent Department, a subordinate Women's Section, and an independent Legion in Scotland reveal the serious rifts within this superficially unified movement. The paradox of low officer involvement combined with an almost exclusively officer leadership contributed to low membership and other factors such as geography, unemployment and finance are considered in the discussion of Legion membership. Divisions between leaders and led on policy and methods are explored in an examination of Legion democracy. A full examination of the Legion's practical work and the attitudes which underpinned that activity confirms the Legion's position as a voluntary society with traditional charitable views. A detailed examination of the Legion's struggles over pension legislation gives an insight into Government attitudes towards ex-service men and also reveals the inherent weakness of the Legion's position when dealing with politicians. An analysis of the Legion's contacts with foreign ex-service men penetrates the Legion's rhetoric and reveals the real motivations and attitudes of the Legion leaders who developed and executed the Legion's foreign policy. Ultimately, this study provides important conclusions about the nature of the British ex-service movement

Measurement of Atmospheric Neutrinos at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory consists of a 1 kiloton heavy water Cherenkov detector able to detect and reconstruct high-energy muons created from cosmic ray showers and atmospheric neutrino interactions. By measuring the flux of through-going muons as a function of zenith angle, the SNO experiment can distinguish between the oscillated and un-oscillated portion of the neutrino flux. This report describes SNO's measurements of the flux of cosmic ray muons and neutrino-induced muon flux at a depth of 5890 meters water equivalent

Fermion masses in SO(10) with a single adjoint Higgs field

It has recently been shown how to break SO(10) down to the Standard Model in a realistic way with only one adjoint Higgs. The expectation value of this adjoint must point in the B-L direction. This has consequences for the possible form of the quark and lepton mass matrices. These consequences are explored in this paper, and it is found that one is naturally led to consider a particular form for the masses of the heavier generations. This form implies typically that there should be large (nearly maximal) mixing of the mu- and tau-neutrinos. An explanation that does not involve large tan beta also emerges for the fact that b and tau are light compared to the top quark.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX, clarification of statements about multiple adjoint Higgs fields in the context of superstring theor

Electromagnetic Interference in Measurements of Radial Stress During Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Experiments

Split Hopkinson pressure bar experiments on soils are often carried out using a rigid steel confining ring to provide plane strain conditions, and measurements of the circumferential strain in the ring can be used to infer the radial stress on the surface of the specimen. Previous experiments have shown evidence of irregular electromagnetic interference in measurements of radial stress, which obscures the signals and impedes analysis. The development of robust constitutive models for soils in blast and impact events relies on the accurate characterisation of this behaviour, and so it is necessary to isolate and remove the source of interference. This paper uses an induction coil to identify the source of the anomalous signals, which are found to be due to induced currents in the gauge lead wires from the movement of magnetised pressure bars (martensitic stainless steel, 440C). Comparative experiments on sand and rubber specimens are used to show that the deforming soil specimen does not make a significant contribution to this activity, and recommendations are made on reducing electromagnetic interference to provide reliable radial stress measurements

Implementation and second-year impacts for New Deal 25 Plus customers in the UK Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) demonstration

This report presents findings on the implementation and effectiveness of Britain's Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) demonstration programme for New Deal 25 Plus customers (ND25 Plus) two years after entering the programme. The effectiveness of this programme is being evaluated using a random assignment research design. Over 16,000 people were randomly assigned onto the programme, making this study one of the largest randomised social policy trials ever undertaken in Britain. The analysis relies heavily on data from two waves of a longitudinal customer survey administered at 12 and 24 months respectively, following each individual's date of random assignment (when they entered the study). The survey respondents (around 6,000) are a representative sub-sample of the full sample of ND25 Plus customers enrolled in the study. The analysis also used data on employment, earnings and benefits receipt from administrative records for the entire sample. To provide a richer understanding of the Jobcentre Plus offices' experience of implementing ERA and customers experiences of ERA, the analysis also uses qualitative research involving in-depth interviews with ERA staff and customers

Resonant leptogenesis in a predictive SO(10) grand unified model

An SO(10) grand unified model considered previously by the authors featuring lopsided down quark and charged lepton mass matrices is successfully predictive and requires that the lightest two right-handed Majorana neutrinons be nearly degenerate in order to obtain the LMA solar neutrino solution. Here we use this model to test its predictions for baryogenesis through resonant-enhanced leptogenesis. With the conventional type I seesaw mechanism, the best predictions for baryogenesis appear to fall a factor of three short of the observed value. However, with a proposed type III seesaw mechanism leading to three pairs of massive pseudo-Dirac neutrinos, resonant leptogenesis is decoupled from the neutrino mass and mixing issues with successful baryogenesis easily obtained.Comment: 22 pages including 1 figure; published version with reference adde

Sparticle masses in deflected mirage mediation

We discuss the sparticle mass patterns that can be realized in deflected mirage mediation scenario of supersymmetry breaking, in which the moduli, anomaly, and gauge mediations all contribute to the MSSM soft parameters. Analytic expression of low energy soft parameters and also the sfermion mass sum rules are derived, which can be used to interpret the experimentally measured sparticle masses within the framework of the most general mixed moduli-gauge-anomaly mediation. Phenomenological aspects of some specific examples are also discussed.Comment: 43 pages, 17 figures, references adde

The muon g-2 in a SU(7) left-right symmetric model with mirror fermions

We have studied a left-right symmetric model with mirror fermions based in a grand unified SU(7) model in order to account for the muon anomaly. The Higgs sector of the model contains two Higgs doublets and the hierarchy condition $\upsilon_{L}\ll\upsilon_{R}$ can be achieved by using two additional Higgs singlets, one even and other odd under $\mathcal{D}$-parity. We show that there is a wide range of values for the mass parameters of the model that is consistent with the $g-2$ lepton anomalies. Radiative correction to the mass of the ordinary fermions are shown to be small

Dark Energy and Neutrino Mass Limits from Baryogenesis

In this brief report we consider couplings of the dark energy scalar, such as Quintessence to the neutrinos and discuss its implications in studies on the neutrino mass limits from Baryogenesis. During the evolution of the dark energy scalar, the neutrino masses vary, consequently the bounds on the neutrino masses we have here differ from those obtained before.Comment: 5 pages,3 figures. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.