Spectral characteristics of normal and nutrient-deficient maize leaves

Reflectance, transmittance and absorbance spectra of normal and six types of mineral-deficient (N,P,K,S,Mg and Ca) maize (Zea mays L.) leaves were analyzed at 30 selected wavelengths along the electromagnetic spectrum from 500 to 2600 nm. Chlorophyll content and percent leaf moisture were also determined. Leaf thermograms were obtained for normal, N- and S- deficient leaves. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences in reflectance, transmittance and absorbance in the visible wavelengths among leaf numbers 3, 4, and 5, among the seven nutrient treatments, and among the interactions of leaves and treatments. In the reflective infrared wavelengths only treatments produced significant differences. The chlorophyll content of leaves was reduced in all deficiencies in comparison to controls. Percent moisture was increased in S-, Mg- and N- deficiencies. Positive correlation (r = 0.707) between moisture content and percent absorption at both 1450 and 1930 nm were obtained. Polynomial regression analysis of leaf thickness and leaf moisture content showed that these two variables were significantly and directly related (r = 0.894)

PENGARUH PENGAWASAN MELEKAT TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA BAGIAN ASDM PT. PLN (Persero) DI KANTOR DISTRIBUSI JAWA BARAT DAN BANTEN

PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Barat Dan Banten Bandung. Salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang Perlistrikan atau penerangan untuk kepuasan pelanggan atau konsumen. Saat ini masalah yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan adalah masih rendahnya efektivitas kerja karyawan. khususnya bagian ASDM dan Organisasi PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Barat dan Banten Bandung. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pengawasan melekat yang dilaksanakan oleh PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Barat dan Banten Bandung, dibagian ASDM dan Organisasi terhadap efektivitas kerja karyawan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analisis dengan pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik lapangan yang terdiri dari observasi non partisipan, wawacara terstruktur dan penyebaran angket dengan jumlah responden 45 orang yakni seluruh karyawan PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Barat dan Banten Bandung, dibagian ASDM dan Organisasi serta data kepustakaan. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian, menunjukan bahwa hubungan pengawasan melekat Terhadap efektivitas kerja Karyawan pada dibagian ASDM dan Organisasi PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Barat dan Banten Bandung termasuk kategori yang kuat, hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan analisa rank spearman Selain itu di perkuat dengan hasil penelitian dalam bentuk angket yang diolah dan dianalisa oleh peneliti hasil perhitungan analisis data dengan menggunakan uji Regresi Linier Sederhana hasilnya ada hubungan signifikan dengan nilai Y = 17,998 + ,489 X, Koefisien Korelasi Rank Spearman menujukan adanya hubungan dalam kategori hubungan yang rendah dengan nilai sebesar 0,328 selanjutnya menurut perhitungan koefisien determinasi dapat diketahui bahwa pengawasan melekat mempunyai pengaruh terhadap efektivitas kerja dengan nilai sebesar 54,16%. Hambatan yang dialami oleh PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Barat dan Banten Bandung, dibagian ASDM dan Organisasi tentang pengaruh pengawasan melekat terhadap efektivitas kerja karyawan yaitu pimpinan terlalu percaya terhadap asistennya, infrastruktur organisasi yang kurang, karyawan kurang bertanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Saran-saran yang dapat peneliti kemukakan yaitu Deputy Manajer yang selaku sebagai pimpinan sebaiknya turun langsung dalam upaya pemantauan kerja bawahannya. Sebaiknya perbanyak fasilitas kerja seperti tersedianya lemari arsip agar dapat menunjang pelaksanaan tugas. Karyawan sebaiknya sering diikut sertakan dalam diklat agar terlatih dan profesional dalam melaksanakan pekerjaannya. Kata Kunci : Pengawasan meleka

LEDA BEAM DIAGNOSTICS INSTRUMENTATION: BEAM POSITION MONITORS

The Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) facility located at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) accelerates protons to an energy of 6.7-MeV and current of 100-mA operating in either a pulsed or cw mode. Of key importance to the commissioning and operations effort is the Beam Position Monitor system (BPM). The LEDA BPM system uses five micro-stripline beam position monitors processed by log ratio processing electronics with data acquisition via a series of custom TMS32OC40 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) boards. Of special interest to this paper is the operation of the system, the log ratio processing, and the system calibration technique. This paper will also cover the DSP system operations and their interaction with the main accelerator control system

Digital Circuit Design Through Simulated Evolution (SimE)

Abstract- In this paper, the use of Simulated Evolution (SimE) Algorithm in the design of digital logic circuits is proposed. SimE algorithm consists of three steps: evaluation, selection and allocation. Two goodness measures are designed to guide the selection and allocation operations of SimE. Area, power and delay are considered in the optimization of circuits. Results obtained by SimE algorithm are compared to those obtained by Genetic Algorithm (CA)

Implementasi hybrid cryptography berbasis galois field dalam mengamankan pesan

INDONESIA: Penelitian ini difokuskan pada analisis hybrid cryptography berbasis galois field dalam mengamankan pesan. Pesan yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah pesan berupa teks. Karena saat ini sering terjadi berbagai macam masalah, utamanya dalam pengamanan pesan. Sehingga diperlukan sebuah solusi untuk menjaga pesan teks tersebut supaya dapat sampai kepada pihak yang berwenang. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah hybrid cryptography, yaitu dengan cara menggabungkan antara kriptografi kunci simetri dan kriptografi kunci asimetri. Namun, penulis menggunakan algoritma Affine cipher dan algoritma Diffie Hellman, baik pada proses enkripsi pesan maupun proses dekripsi pesan. Proses enkripsi dilakukan menggunakan algoritma Affine cipher, yaitu dengan menentukan kunci a,b dan melakukan perhitungan dengan rumus C=(aP+b) mod n. Sedangkan pada proses dekripsi dilakukan menggunakan algoritma Diffie Hellman kemudian dilanjut dengan menggunakan algoritma Affine cipher, yaitu dengan melakukan pertukaran kunci dengan rumus X=g^x mod n bagi pengirim pesan dan dengan rumus Y=g^y mod n bagi penerima pesan yang akan didapatkan nilai K=K^', selanjutnya menentukan nilai invers dari kunci a^(-1) dan pergeseran dari kunci b, selanjutnya melakukan perhitungan dengan rumus P=(a^(-1) C-b) mod n. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggabungan antara algoritma Affine cipher dan algoritma Diffie Hellman lebih aman dibandingkan dengan algoritma kriptografi selain keduanya, karena kunci yang digunakan bersifat rahasia dan hanya diketahui oleh pihak-pihak yang saling bertukar kunci. Oleh karena itu, dengan kedua algoritma kriptografi tersebut pengirim pesan maupun penerima pesan dapat merasa aman atas pesan yang ingin disampaikan kepada pihak tertentu. ENGLISH: This research is focused on the analysis of hybrid cryptography based on galois field in securing messages. The message referred to in this study is a message in the form of text. Because at this time there are often various kinds of problems, especially in securing messages. So we need a solution to keep these text messages from reaching the authorities. The method used in this research is hybrid cryptography, namely by combining symmetric key cryptography and asymmetric key cryptography. However, the author uses the Affine cipher algorithm and the Diffie Hellman algorithm, both in the message encryption process and the message decryption process. The encryption process is carried out using the Affine cipher algorithm, namely by determining the keys a,b and performing calculations with the formula C=(aP+b) mod n. While the decryption process is carried out using the Diffie Hellman algorithm and then continued by using the Affine cipher algorithm, namely by exchanging keys with the formula X=g^x mod n for the sender of the message and with the formula Y=g^y mod n for the recipient of the message that will be obtained value K=K^', then determine the inverse value of key a^(-1) and shift of key b, then perform calculations with the formula P=(a^(-1) C-b) mod n. The results of this study indicate that the combination of the Affine cipher algorithm and the Diffie Hellman algorithm is more secure than the cryptographic algorithms other than the two, because the key used is secret and only known by the parties who exchange keys. Therefore, with the two cryptographic algorithms, the sender of the message and the recipient of the message can feel safe for the message to be conveyed to certain parties. ARABIC: يكز هذا البحث على تحليل التشفير الهجين على أساس حقل جالو في تأمين الرسالة. ونوع الرسالة في هذا البحث هو رسالة نصية لأنه في هذا الوقت غالبا قد حدث عدد من مشكلات مختلفة، خاصةً في تأمين الرسالة. لذلك يحتاج إلى الحل لحفظ هذه الرسالة النصية من الوصول إلى القابل الحق. والطريقة المستخدمة في هذا البحث هي التشفير الهجين بالجمع بين تشفير المفتاح المتماثل وتشفير المفتاح غير المتماثل. ولكن استخدم الباحث خوارزمية التشفيرالأفني وخوارزمية ديفي هيلمان، سواء في كل من عملية تشفير الرسالة أو عملية فك تشفير الرسالة. وتتم عملية التشفير باستخدام خوارزمية التشفير الأفني وهي بطريقة C=(aP+b) mod nتعيين المفتاح وإجراء العمليات الحسابية باستخدام الصيغة. وفي عملية فك التشفير باستخدام خوارزمية ديفي هيلمان ثم يستمر باستخدام خوارزمية التشفير الأفني، وهي بمقابلة المفتاح X=g^xبصيغة مرسل الرسالة وبصيغة Y=g^yقابل الرسالة للحصول على القيمةK=K^' ، ثم تعيين القيمة العكسية للمفتاح a^(-1) وتحويل المفتاحb ، ثم إجراء العمليات الحسابية باستخدام الصيغةP=(a^(-1) C-b) mod n . وتشير نتائج هذا البحث إلى أن الجمع بين خوارزمية التشفير الأفني وخوارزمية ديفي هيلمان أكثر أمانًا من خوارزميات التشفير بسوى الخوارزميتين لأن المفتاح المستخدم سري ولا يعرفه إلا الأطراف التي تتقابل المفاتيح. فلذلك، باستخدام خوارزميتي التشفير، يستطيع أن يشعر مرسل الرسالة وقابلها بالأمان على الرسالة التي سترسلها إلى طرف معي

Rectal impalement injury through the pelvis, abdomen and thorax

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Spectra of Normal and Nutrient-Deficient Maize Leaves

Reflectance, transmittance and absorptance spectral of normal and six types of nutrient-deficient (N, P, K, S, Mg, and Ca) maize (Zea mays L.) leaves were analyzed at 30 selected wavelengths from 500-2600 nm. The analysis of variance showed significant differences in reflectance, transmittance and absorptance in the visible wavelengths among leaf numbers 3, 4, and 5, among the seven treatments, and among the interactions of leaf number and treatments. In the infrared wavelengths only treatments produced significant differences. The chlorophyll content of leaves was reduced in all nutrient deficient treatments. Percent moisture was increased in S-, Mg-, and N-deficiencies. Positive correlations were obtained (r = 0.7) between moisture content and percent absorption at both 1450 and 1930 nm. Polynomial regression analysis of leaf thickness and leaf moisture content showed that these two variables were significantly and directly related (R = 0.894). Leaves from the P- and Ca-deficient plants absorbed less energy in the near infrared than the normal plants; S-, Mg-, K-, and N-deficient leaves absorbed more than the normal. Leaf thermograms were prepared on normal and S- and N-deficient leaves. Both S- and N-deficient leaves had higher temperatures than normal maize leaves

Search for the disappearance of muon antineutrinos in the NuMI neutrino beam

We report constraints on muon antineutrino oscillation parameters that were obtained by using the two MINOS detectors to measure the 7% antineutrino component of the NuMI neutrino beam. In the Far Detector, we select 130 events in the charged-current muon antineutrino sample, compared to a prediction of 136.4 +/- 11.7(stat) ^{+10.2}_{-8.9}(syst) events under the assumption |dm2bar|=2.32x10^-3 eV^2, snthetabar=1.0. A fit to the two-flavor oscillation approximation constrains |dm2bar|<3.37x10^-3 eV^2 at the 90% confidence level with snthetabar=1.0

Liposomal Co-Entrapment of CD40mAb Induces Enhanced IgG Responses against Bacterial Polysaccharide and Protein

Background Antibody against CD40 is effective in enhancing immune responses to vaccines when chemically conjugated to the vaccine antigen. Unfortunately the requirement for chemical conjugation presents some difficulties in vaccine production and quality control which are compounded when multivalent vaccines are required. We explore here an alternative to chemical conjugation, involving the co-encapsulation of CD40 antibody and antigens in liposomal vehicles. Methodology/Principal Findings Anti-mouse CD40 mAb or isotype control mAb were co-entrapped individually in cationic liposomal vehicles with pneumococcal polysaccharides or diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Retention of CD40 binding activity upon liposomal entrapment was assessed by ELISA and flow cytometry. After subcutaneous immunization of BALB/c female mice, anti-polysaccharide and DT/TT responses were measured by ELISA. Simple co-encapsulation of CD40 antibody allowed for the retention of CD40 binding on the liposome surface, and also produced vaccines with enhanced imunogenicity. Antibody responses against both co-entrapped protein in the form of tetanus toxoid, and Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide, were enhanced by co-encapsulation with CD40 antibody. Surprisingly, liposomal encapsulation also appeared to decrease the toxicity of high doses of CD40 antibody as assessed by the degree of splenomegaly induced. Conclusions/Significance Liposomal co-encapsulation with CD40 antibody may represent a practical means of producing more immunogenic multivalent vaccines and inducing IgG responses against polysaccharides without the need for conjugation