IRM fonctionnelle au repos après un accident ischémique : de la connectivité fonctionnelle au handicap

Resting-state functional MRI is increasingly used to investigate brain networks in stroke patients. Most studies focused specifically on motor, attentional and language deficits. Here we have investigated the relationships between global post-stroke disability and functional connectivity of seven major cortical networks in subacute ischemic stroke patients. We have studied 50 patients with first-ever unilateral hemispheric stroke (29 men, 22 left strokes, 57 ± 14 years) with a median post-stroke delay of 4.5 weeks and 75 healthy volunteers (27 men, 55 ± 15 years). Seven cortical networks were characterized with a seed-based approach and for each network we distinguished inter-hemispheric, ipsi- and contra-lesional functional connectivity. The 22 patients without disability (modified Rankin’s scale 0-1) had normal functional connectivity in all networks whereas the 28 disabled patients had widespread and bilateral decreases in functional connectivity explaining 22 % of the variance. Secondary analyses showed that abnormalities mainly differentiate no disability from mild disability and may predominate in default-mode and top-down control networks. We have computed for each subject a functional connectivity index that summarizes all these abnormalities. This simple tool was strongly predictive of residual disability with a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 86%. In conclusion, widespread and bilateral alterations in cortical connectivity occur in disabled subacute stroke patients, whereas normal indicate excellent global outcome.L’étude des réseaux cérébraux en IRM fonctionnelle au repos est de plus en plus utilisée chez les patients victimes d’accidents vasculaires cérébraux. La majorité des études se sont focalisés sur les déficits moteurs, attentionnels ou phasiques. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié l’impact du handicap global sur la connectivité fonctionnelle de grands réseaux corticaux à la phase subaiguë d’infarctus cérébraux. Ce travail a porté sur 50 patients ayant subi un premier infarctus sus-tentoriel (29 hommes, 22 AIC gauche, 57 ± 14 ans, délai médian après l’AIC = 4.5 semaines) et 75 témoins (27 hommes, 55 ± 15 ans). Sept réseaux de repos ont été étudiés à partir d’une analyse en graine et nous avons distingué pour chacun les connectivités fonctionnelles interhémisphérique, ipsi et contralésionnelle. Les 22 patients sans handicap (mRS = 0/1) avaient une connectivité normale alors qu’une diminution diffuse et bilatérale était observée chez les 28 patients avec handicap, expliquant 22% de la variance. Les analyses post-hoc ont montré que ces différences s’observaient essentiellement entre les patients sans handicap et ceux avec handicap léger et portaient surtout sur le mode par défaut et un réseau exécutif. Nous avons calculé pour chacun un score d’intégrité de la connectivité fonctionnelle permettant de résumer l’ensemble de ces altérations. Cet outil simple permettait de prédire le handicap résiduel avec une spécificité de 91% et une sensibilité de 86%. Nous avons donc observé une diminution diffuse de la connectivité fonctionnelle des réseaux de repos chez les patients ayant un handicap résiduel, alors qu’une connectivité normale marquait un excellent pronostic fonctionnel

IRM fonctionnelle au repos après un accident ischémique : de la connectivité fonctionnelle au handicap

Resting-state functional MRI is increasingly used to investigate brain networks in stroke patients. Most studies focused specifically on motor, attentional and language deficits. Here we have investigated the relationships between global post-stroke disability and functional connectivity of seven major cortical networks in subacute ischemic stroke patients. We have studied 50 patients with first-ever unilateral hemispheric stroke (29 men, 22 left strokes, 57 ± 14 years) with a median post-stroke delay of 4.5 weeks and 75 healthy volunteers (27 men, 55 ± 15 years). Seven cortical networks were characterized with a seed-based approach and for each network we distinguished inter-hemispheric, ipsi- and contra-lesional functional connectivity. The 22 patients without disability (modified Rankin’s scale 0-1) had normal functional connectivity in all networks whereas the 28 disabled patients had widespread and bilateral decreases in functional connectivity explaining 22 % of the variance. Secondary analyses showed that abnormalities mainly differentiate no disability from mild disability and may predominate in default-mode and top-down control networks. We have computed for each subject a functional connectivity index that summarizes all these abnormalities. This simple tool was strongly predictive of residual disability with a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 86%. In conclusion, widespread and bilateral alterations in cortical connectivity occur in disabled subacute stroke patients, whereas normal indicate excellent global outcome.L’étude des réseaux cérébraux en IRM fonctionnelle au repos est de plus en plus utilisée chez les patients victimes d’accidents vasculaires cérébraux. La majorité des études se sont focalisés sur les déficits moteurs, attentionnels ou phasiques. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié l’impact du handicap global sur la connectivité fonctionnelle de grands réseaux corticaux à la phase subaiguë d’infarctus cérébraux. Ce travail a porté sur 50 patients ayant subi un premier infarctus sus-tentoriel (29 hommes, 22 AIC gauche, 57 ± 14 ans, délai médian après l’AIC = 4.5 semaines) et 75 témoins (27 hommes, 55 ± 15 ans). Sept réseaux de repos ont été étudiés à partir d’une analyse en graine et nous avons distingué pour chacun les connectivités fonctionnelles interhémisphérique, ipsi et contralésionnelle. Les 22 patients sans handicap (mRS = 0/1) avaient une connectivité normale alors qu’une diminution diffuse et bilatérale était observée chez les 28 patients avec handicap, expliquant 22% de la variance. Les analyses post-hoc ont montré que ces différences s’observaient essentiellement entre les patients sans handicap et ceux avec handicap léger et portaient surtout sur le mode par défaut et un réseau exécutif. Nous avons calculé pour chacun un score d’intégrité de la connectivité fonctionnelle permettant de résumer l’ensemble de ces altérations. Cet outil simple permettait de prédire le handicap résiduel avec une spécificité de 91% et une sensibilité de 86%. Nous avons donc observé une diminution diffuse de la connectivité fonctionnelle des réseaux de repos chez les patients ayant un handicap résiduel, alors qu’une connectivité normale marquait un excellent pronostic fonctionnel

Resting-state functional MRI in stroke patients : from functional connectivity to disability

L’étude des réseaux cérébraux en IRM fonctionnelle au repos est de plus en plus utilisée chez les patients victimes d’accidents vasculaires cérébraux. La majorité des études se sont focalisés sur les déficits moteurs, attentionnels ou phasiques. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié l’impact du handicap global sur la connectivité fonctionnelle de grands réseaux corticaux à la phase subaiguë d’infarctus cérébraux. Ce travail a porté sur 50 patients ayant subi un premier infarctus sus-tentoriel (29 hommes, 22 AIC gauche, 57 ± 14 ans, délai médian après l’AIC = 4.5 semaines) et 75 témoins (27 hommes, 55 ± 15 ans). Sept réseaux de repos ont été étudiés à partir d’une analyse en graine et nous avons distingué pour chacun les connectivités fonctionnelles interhémisphérique, ipsi et contralésionnelle. Les 22 patients sans handicap (mRS = 0/1) avaient une connectivité normale alors qu’une diminution diffuse et bilatérale était observée chez les 28 patients avec handicap, expliquant 22% de la variance. Les analyses post-hoc ont montré que ces différences s’observaient essentiellement entre les patients sans handicap et ceux avec handicap léger et portaient surtout sur le mode par défaut et un réseau exécutif. Nous avons calculé pour chacun un score d’intégrité de la connectivité fonctionnelle permettant de résumer l’ensemble de ces altérations. Cet outil simple permettait de prédire le handicap résiduel avec une spécificité de 91% et une sensibilité de 86%. Nous avons donc observé une diminution diffuse de la connectivité fonctionnelle des réseaux de repos chez les patients ayant un handicap résiduel, alors qu’une connectivité normale marquait un excellent pronostic fonctionnel.Resting-state functional MRI is increasingly used to investigate brain networks in stroke patients. Most studies focused specifically on motor, attentional and language deficits. Here we have investigated the relationships between global post-stroke disability and functional connectivity of seven major cortical networks in subacute ischemic stroke patients. We have studied 50 patients with first-ever unilateral hemispheric stroke (29 men, 22 left strokes, 57 ± 14 years) with a median post-stroke delay of 4.5 weeks and 75 healthy volunteers (27 men, 55 ± 15 years). Seven cortical networks were characterized with a seed-based approach and for each network we distinguished inter-hemispheric, ipsi- and contra-lesional functional connectivity. The 22 patients without disability (modified Rankin’s scale 0-1) had normal functional connectivity in all networks whereas the 28 disabled patients had widespread and bilateral decreases in functional connectivity explaining 22 % of the variance. Secondary analyses showed that abnormalities mainly differentiate no disability from mild disability and may predominate in default-mode and top-down control networks. We have computed for each subject a functional connectivity index that summarizes all these abnormalities. This simple tool was strongly predictive of residual disability with a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 86%. In conclusion, widespread and bilateral alterations in cortical connectivity occur in disabled subacute stroke patients, whereas normal indicate excellent global outcome

Mise en évidence en IRM fonctionnelle au repos de l' impact d'un accident ischémique sur l' activité cérébrale intrinsèque

L IRM fonctionnelle (IRMf) réalisée au repos permet l étude de l activité cérébrale intrinsèque. Celle-ci s organise en réseaux fonctionnels (réseaux de repos) au sein desquels l activité neuronale fluctue de façon synchrone. Nous avons utilisé cette technique pour évaluer l impact d un infarctus cérébral sur ces réseaux de repos. Notre étude a portée sur 13 patients victime d un accident ischémique cérébral (AIC) et 25 sujets sains appariés en âge. Le protocole d acquisition et d analyse utilisé a permis d identifier chez les sujets sains 7 des principaux réseaux de repos tels que décrits dans la littérature. Chez les patients, si la structure globale de ces réseaux était conservée, il existait néanmoins deux types de modifications focales. Les premières impliquaient des réseaux lésés par l infarctus, confirmant le lien étroit entre connectivité anatomique et fonctionnelle, tandis que les secondes concernaient des réseaux indemnes via des mécanismes indirects. De plus, les réseaux altérés reflétaient le déficit clinique du patient. Enfin, l âge et le score NIHSS étaient négativement corrélés au degré de connectivité globale. Ces résultats préliminaires nécessitent d être confirmés sur une plus large population. Ils montrent néanmoins le potentiel et la faisabilité de cette technique. Applicable quelque soit le handicap du patient, elle pourrait nous permettre de mieux comprendre les causes du déficit clinique et de développer de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques, visant notamment les conséquences indirectes de l infarctusPARIS6-Bibl.Pitié-Salpêtrie (751132101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Persistent perfusion abnormalities at day 1 correspond to different clinical trajectories after stroke

International audienceBackground Perfusion abnormalities after thrombolysis are frequent within and surrounding ischemic lesions, but their relative frequency is not well known. Objective To describe the different patterns of perfusion abnormalities observed at 24 hours and compare the characteristics of the patients according to their perfusion pattern. Methods From our thrombolysis registry, we included 226 consecutive patients with an available arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion sequence at day 1. We performed a blinded assessment of the perfusion status (hypoperfusion-h, hyperperfusion-H, or normal-N) in the ischemic lesion and in the surrounding tissue. We compared the time course of clinical recovery, the rate of arterial recanalization, and hemorrhagic transformations in the different perfusion profiles. Results We identified seven different perfusion profiles at day 1. Four of these (h/h, h/H, H/H, and H/N) represented the majority of the population (84.1%). The H/H profile was the most frequent (34.5%) and associated with 3-month good outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS): 63.5%). Patients with persistent hypoperfusion within and outside the lesion (h/h, 12.4%) exhibited worse outcomes after treatment (mRS score 0–2: 23.8%) than other patients, were less frequently recanalized (40.7%), and had more parenchymal hematoma (17.8%). The h/H profile had an intermediate clinical trajectory between the h/h profile and the hyperperfused profiles. Conclusion ASL hypoperfusion within the infarct and the surrounding tissue was associated with poor outcome. A more comprehensive view of the mechanisms in the hypoperfused surrounding tissue could help to design new therapeutic approaches during and after reperfusion therapies

The silver effect of admission glucose level on excellent outcome in thrombolysed stroke patients

International audienceHigher admission glucose levels (AGL) are associated with less favorable outcome in thrombolysis. But, could AGL’s impact on outcome vary by onset-to-treatment (OTT) time? Is hyperglycemia associated with a shorter therapeutic time window for excellent outcome for thrombolysed stroke patients? We assessed predictive values of AGL, baseline NIHSS, age, and OTT time quartiles on excellent outcome (3-month modified Rankin score of 0–1) in 773 patients treated by rt-Pa. We added the AGL × OTT time quartile interaction in the model and separately analyzed the predictive values of AGL, age, and NIHSS for each OTT time quartile if the interaction was significant. AGL, baseline NIHSS, age, and OTT time quartiles were significant predictors. When added in the model, the AGL × OTT interaction was significant (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.99, p: 0.0009). AGL was predictive only during the third OTT time quartile (181–224 min). During this period, the predicted rate of excellent outcome was 16% for AGL = 6.5 mmol/L and 8% for AGL = 8 mmol/L. The rate of excellent outcome was not decreased in hyperglycemic patients for OTT time ≤ 180 min (20 vs. 24.5% p: 0.37), but was decreased for OTT time > 180 min (9.6 vs. 26.7% p: 0.00001). Similar results were found in patients with MCA recanalization, but not in patients without recanalization. The therapeutic time window for excellent outcome is shortened in hyperglycemic patients. This would support the design of “freezing penumbra” randomized trials based on ultra-early AGL control

Cognitive Status Predicts Return to Functional Independence After Minor Stroke: A Decision Tree Analysis

About two-thirds of patients with minor strokes are discharged home. However, these patients may have difficulties returning to their usual living activities. To investigate the factors associated with successful home discharge, our aim was to provide a decision tree (based on clinical data) that could identify if a patient discharged home could return to pre-stroke activities and to perform an external validation of this decision tree on an independent cohort. Two cohorts of patients with minor strokes gathered from stroke registries at the Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière and University Hospital Bern were included in this study (n = 105 for the construction cohort coming from France; n = 100 for the second cohort coming from Switzerland). The decision tree was built using the classification and regression tree (CART) analysis on the construction cohort. It was then applied to the validation cohort. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false positive, and false-negative rates were reported for both cohorts. In the construction cohort, 60 patients (57%) returned to their usual, pre-stroke level of independence. The CART analysis produced a decision tree with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as the first decision point, followed by discharge NIHSS score or age, and then by the occupational status. The overall prediction accuracy to the favorable outcome was 80% in the construction cohort and reached 72% accuracy in the validation cohort. This decision tree highlighted the role of cognitive function as a crucial factor for patients to return to their usual activities after a minor stroke. The algorithm may help clinicians to tailor planning of patients' discharge

Hyperglycaemia, Insulin Therapy and Critical Penumbral Regions for Prognosis in Acute Stroke: Further Insights from the INSULINFARCT Trial

International audienceBackgroundRecently, the concept of ‘clinically relevant penumbra’ was defined as an area saved by arterial recanalization and correlated with stroke outcome. This clinically relevant penumbra was located in the subcortical structures, especially the periventricular white matter. Our aims were to confirm this hypothesis, to investigate the impact of admission hyperglycemia and of insulin treatment on the severity of ischemic damages in this area and to study the respective contributions of infarct volume and ischemic damage severity of the clinically relevant penumbra on 3-month outcome.MethodsWe included 99 patients from the INSULINFARCT trial. Voxel-Based Analysis was carried on the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) maps obtained at day one to localize the regions, which were more damaged in patients i) with poor clinical outcomes at three months and ii) without arterial recanalization. We determined the intersection of the detected areas, which represents the clinically relevant penumbra and investigated whether hyperglycemic status and insulin regimen affected the severity of ischemic damages in this area. We performed logistic regression to examine the contribution of infarct volume or early ADC decrease in this strategic area on 3-month outcome.FindingsLower ADC values were found in the corona radiata in patients with poor prognosis (p<0.0001) and in those without arterial recanalization (p<0.0001). The tracking analysis showed that lesions in this area interrupted many important pathways. ADC values in this area were lower in hyperglycemic than in normoglycemic patients (average decrease of 41.6 ± 20.8 x10 − 6mm2/s) and unaffected by the insulin regimen (p: 0.10). ADC values in the clinically relevant penumbra, but not infarct volumes, were significant predictors of 3- month outcome.ConclusionThese results confirm that the deep hemispheric white matter is part of the clinically relevant penumbra and show that hyperglycaemia exacerbates the apparition of irreversible ischemic damage within 24 hours in this area. However, early intensive insulin therapy fails to protect this area from infarctio