Estrategias innovadoras de bioconservación en la industria alimentaria

Uno de los debates más significativos en el campo de la producción de alimentos es la creciente preocupación de los consumidores por seguir una alimentación más natural. El rechazo hacia los aditivos químicos ha promovido el desarrollo de lo que se conoce con el término “bioconservación”, dentro de la que, particularmente, se han impulsado estudios acerca del uso de bacterias, sus metabolitos y bacteriófagos como posibles antimicrobianos naturales que permiten aumentar la vida útil de los alimentos y garantizar su seguridad microbiológica. En la presente revisión bibliográfica se muestra un panorama general de qué son estos antimicrobianos naturales proporcionando información respecto a su clasificación, modo de acción y aplicaciones en productos alimenticios. Asimismo, se incluye también información sobre estrategias basadas en el quorum sensing y su inhibición para evitar la proliferación de microorganismos patógenos y alterantes. Hasta el momento, los resultados obtenidos en estos campos de investigación son bastante prometedores, en especial en cuanto al empleo de algunas bacteriocinas como la nisina y el antifúngico natamicina, que han sido por ahora los compuestos más estudiados. No obstante, se continúa investigando para promover su aplicación como sustitutos de los conservantes sintéticos en alimentos.Máster en Calidad, Desarrollo e Innovación de Alimento

Application of lactic acid bacteria for the biopreservation of meat products: A systematic review

Systematic ReviewThe increasing concern of consumers about food quality and safety and their rejection of chemical additives has promoted the breakthrough of the biopreservation field and the development of studies on the use of beneficial bacteria and their metabolites as potential natural antimicrobials for shelf life extension and enhanced food safety. Control of foodborne pathogens in meat and meat products represents a serious challenge for the food industry which can be addressed through the intelligent use of bio-compounds or biopreservatives. This article aims to systematically review the available knowledge about biological strategies based on the use of lactic acid bacteria to control the proliferation of undesirable microorganisms in different meat products. The outcome of the literature search evidenced the potential of several strains of lactic acid bacteria and their purified or semi- purified antimicrobial metabolites as biopreservatives in meat products for achieving longer shelf life or inhibiting spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, especially when combined with other technologies to achieve a synergistic effect.S

Application of lactic acid bacteria for the biopreservation of meat products: A systematic review

.The increasing concern of consumers about food quality and safety and their rejection of chemical additives has promoted the breakthrough of the biopreservation field and the development of studies on the use of beneficial bacteria and their metabolites as potential natural antimicrobials for shelf life extension and enhanced food safety. Control of foodborne pathogens in meat and meat products represents a serious challenge for the food industry which can be addressed through the intelligent use of bio-compounds or biopreservatives. This article aims to systematically review the available knowledge about biological strategies based on the use of lactic acid bacteria to control the proliferation of undesirable microorganisms in different meat products. The outcome of the literature search evidenced the potential of several strains of lactic acid bacteria and their purified or semi-purified antimicrobial metabolites as biopreservatives in meat products for achieving longer shelf life or inhibiting spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, especially when combined with other technologies to achieve a synergistic effect.S

Microbiological Safety and Shelf-Life of Low-Salt Meat Products—A Review

[EN] Salt is widely employed in different foods, especially in meat products, due to its very diverse and extended functionality. However, the high intake of sodium chloride in human diet has been under consideration for the last years, because it is related to serious health problems. The meat-processing industry and research institutions are evaluating different strategies to overcome the elevated salt concentrations in products without a quality reduction. Several properties could be directly or indirectly affected by a sodium chloride decrease. Among them, microbial stability could be shifted towards pathogen growth, posing a serious public health threat. Nonetheless, the majority of the literature available focuses attention on the sensorial and technological challenges that salt reduction implies. Thereafter, the need to discuss the consequences for shelf-life and microbial safety should be considered. Hence, this review aims to merge all the available knowledge regarding salt reduction in meat products, providing an assessment on how to obtain low salt products that are sensorily accepted by the consumer, technologically feasible from the perspective of the industry, and, in particular, safe with respect to microbial stability.S

High pressure processing at the early stages of ripening enhances the safety and quality of dry fermented sausages elaborated with or without starter culture

[EN] To study the quality of chorizo de León dry fermented sausages (DFS), high pressure processing (HPP) applied at the early stages of ripening and the use of a functional starter culture were evaluated as additional safety measures. Furthermore, the ability to control the populations of artificially inoculated Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium was investigated and the evolution of microbial communities was assessed by amplicon 16S rRNA metataxonomics. The use of HPP and the starter culture, independently or combined, induced a reduction of Listeria monocytogenes of 1.5, 4.3 and > 4.8 log CFU/g respectively, as compared to control. Salmonella Typhimurium counts were under the detection limit (<1 log) in all treated end-product samples. Both additional measures reduced the activity of undesirable microbiota, such as Serratia and Brochothrix, during the production of DFS. Moreover, the starter culture highly influenced the taxonomic profile of samples. No adverse sensory effects were observed, and panelists showed preference for HPP treated DFS. In conclusion, this new approach of applying HPP at the early stages of ripening of DFS in combination with the use of a defined starter culture improved the safety and quality of the meat productS

Evaluation of the performance of a three-strains lactic acid bacteria cocktail for the control of Listeria monocytogenes on marinated lean pork

[EN] The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of a cocktail of three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Lactococcus lactis, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) as a protective culture into marinated pork. The pork was artificially inoculated with two Listeria monocytogenes strains and stored for 12 days. Two packagings were used: vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). LAB, L. monocytogenes, psychrotrophic bacteria, pH, aw, color, the metataxonomic profile and the sensorial quality of the product were evaluated. The growth of L. monocytogenes under vacuum and MAP was reduced with the use of the LAB up to 0.8 and 0.7 log10 CFU/g, respectively. LAB counts gradually increased, which was accompanied by a slight decrease in pH. In LAB samples, psychrotrophic bacteria showed a reduction at day 12 as compared to non-inoculated samples. Some minor differences were also observed among samples for color and sensory parameters. Regardless of the type of packaging, the microbiota of the marinated pork was dominated initially by Photobacterium and subsequently during storage by a diversity of LAB. The application of LAB could help to obtain a safe product, although further evaluation would be required to optimize the application of the LAB cocktail in real-scale commercial scenarios.SIPublicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Selection of lactic acid bacteria as biopreservation agents and optimization of their mode of application for the control of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat cooked meat products

[EN] In order to meet consumers´demands for more natural foods and to find new methods to control foodborne pathogens in them, research is currently being focused on alternative preservation approaches, such as biopreservation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Here, a collection of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates was characterized to identify potential biopreservative agents. Six isolates (one Lactococcus lactis, one Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and four Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) were selected based on their antimicrobial activity in in vitro assays. Whole genome sequencing showed that none of the six LAB isolates carried known virulence factors or acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, and that the L. lactis isolate was potentially a nisin Z producer. Growth of L. monocytogenes was successfully limited by L. lactis ULE383, L. paracasei ULE721 and L. plantarum ULE1599 throughout the shelf-life of cooked ham, meatloaf and roasted pork shoulder. These LAB isolates were also applied individually or as a cocktail at different inoculum concentrations (4, 6 and 8 log10 CFU/g) in challenge test studies involving cooked ham, showing a stronger anti-Listerial activity when a cocktail was used at 8 log10 CFU/g. Thus, a reduction of up to ~5.0 log10 CFU/g in L. monocytogenes growth potential was attained in cooked ham packaged under vacuum, modified atmosphere packaging or vacuum followed by high pressure processing (HPP). Only minor changes in color and texture were induced, although there was a significant acidification of the product when the LAB cultures were applied. Remarkably, this acidification was delayed when HPP was applied to the LAB inoculated batches. Metataxonomic analyses showed that the LAB cocktail was able to grow in the cooked ham and outcompete the indigenous microbiota, including spoilage microorganisms such as Brochothrix. Moreover, none of the batches were considered unacceptable in a sensory evaluation. Overall, this study shows the favourable antilisterial activity of the cocktail of LAB employed, with the combination of HPP and LAB achieving a complete inhibition of the pathogen with no detrimental effects in physico-chemical or sensorial evaluations, highlighting the usefulness of biopreservation approaches involving LAB for enhancing the safety of cooked meat products.S

“Club del Trabajo Fin de Grado”: método de role-playing en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos

[ES] El juego de roles, un método de enseñanza innovador, ha sido considerado como una herramienta muy eficaz en la educación. Se utilizó esta metodología con el fin de ayudar a los estudiantes del último curso del Grado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos a afrontar con confianza y éxito la defensa de su Trabajo Fin de Grado. Además, se utilizó Twitter como herramienta de difusión de los conocimientos científicos adquiridos por los alumnos. Para poder conocer la opinión de los participantes, se distribuyó un cuestionario de satisfacción en relación con la experiencia de innovación docente. Todos los alumnos consideraron que esta actividad aumentó su confianza a la hora de enfrentarse a la defensa real del Trabajo Fin de Grado y les ayudó a mejorar su comunicación oral en comparación a si no hubieran realizado esta actividad. Por ello, sería interesante implementar esta metodología de aprendizaje activo en próximos cursos académicos, pudiendo incluso extrapolarlo en otros grados

Improved sampling and DNA extraction procedures for microbiome analysis in food-processing environments

[EN] Deep investigation of the microbiome of food-production and foodprocessing environments through whole-metagenome sequencing (WMS) can provide detailed information on the taxonomic composition and functional potential of the microbial communities that inhabit them, with huge potential benefits for environmental monitoring programs. However, certain technical challenges jeopardize the application of WMS technologies with this aim, with the most relevant one being the recovery of a sufficient amount of DNA from the frequently low-biomass samples collected from the equipment, tools and surfaces of food-processing plants. Here, we present the first complete workflow, with optimized DNA-purification methodology, to obtain high-quality WMS sequencing results from samples taken from food-production and food-processing environments and reconstruct metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). The protocol can yield DNA loads >10 ng in >98% of samples and >500 ng in 57.1% of samples and allows the collection of, on average, 12.2 MAGs per sample (with up to 62 MAGs in a single sample) in ~1 week, including both laboratory and computational work. This markedly improves on results previously obtained in studies performing WMS of processing environments and using other protocols not specifically developed to sequence these types of sample, in which <2 MAGs per sample were obtained. The full protocol has been developed and applied in the framework of the European Union project MASTER (Microbiome applications for sustainable food systems through technologies and enterprise) in 114 food-processing facilities from different production sectors.SIThis work was funded by the European Commission under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 818368 (MASTER). C.B. is grateful to Junta de Castilla y León and the European Social Fund for awarding her a pre-doctoral grant (BOCYL-D-07072020-6). A.P. is grateful to Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación for awarding her a pre-doctoral grant (PRE2021-098910). N.M.Q. is currently funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 101034371. We thank AV Star Systems for their role in creating the Supplementary Video, and M. Coakley and S. Mortensen for their help in its preparation

Microbiological Safety and Shelf-Life of Low-Salt Meat Products—A Review

Salt is widely employed in different foods, especially in meat products, due to its very diverse and extended functionality. However, the high intake of sodium chloride in human diet has been under consideration for the last years, because it is related to serious health problems. The meat-processing industry and research institutions are evaluating different strategies to overcome the elevated salt concentrations in products without a quality reduction. Several properties could be directly or indirectly affected by a sodium chloride decrease. Among them, microbial stability could be shifted towards pathogen growth, posing a serious public health threat. Nonetheless, the majority of the literature available focuses attention on the sensorial and technological challenges that salt reduction implies. Thereafter, the need to discuss the consequences for shelf-life and microbial safety should be considered. Hence, this review aims to merge all the available knowledge regarding salt reduction in meat products, providing an assessment on how to obtain low salt products that are sensorily accepted by the consumer, technologically feasible from the perspective of the industry, and, in particular, safe with respect to microbial stability