Simon Prince, Northern Ireland’s 68 : Civil Rights, Global Revolt and the Origins of the Troubles

Cette nouvelle édition de Northern Ireland’s 68 : Civil Rights, Global Revolt and the Origins of the Troubles est publiée à l’occasion du cinquantenaire de la manifestation pour les droits civiques du 5 octobre 1968 à Derry en Irlande du Nord, onze ans après la première édition datant de 2007. La thèse au centre de ce livre, et sa principale originalité, est sa volonté de démontrer que les événements de 1968 en Irlande du Nord gagnent à être envisagés sous l’angle international plutôt que loc..

La recherche d’équilibre dans l’enquête Saville sur Bloody Sunday (1998-2010)

L’enquête publique sur Bloody Sunday, ou « enquête Saville », mise en place en 1998 par le parlement britannique, fut la seconde enquête publique portant sur les événements du 30 janvier 1972 en Irlande du Nord, plus connus sous le nom de « Bloody Sunday ». La notion « d’équilibre » est ici envisagée à travers le prisme de la justice et des notions qui lui sont associées : impartialité et équité. En effet, la tâche de l’enquête Saville consistait en quelque sorte à rétablir un équilibre : afin de rétablir la confiance après la déception suscitée par la première enquête, la version officielle de Bloody Sunday devait être réécrite d’une manière susceptible de convaincre l’opinion publique que la vérité avait enfin été dite. Dans ce contexte, l’enquête se devait d’apparaître « équilibrée » : il s’agissait de convaincre les participants que le tribunal d’enquête pouvait se montrer juste et impartial. Cela signifiait parfois devoir trouver un équilibre entre diverses considérations : les droits des victimes et ceux des soldats, la vérité et la justice, l’identification de responsabilités individuelles et collectives. Dans le contexte plus large du processus de paix, la question de l’équité se posait également : le seul fait que l’Etat britannique ait accepté d’accorder une enquête de cette ampleur afin de répondre à un grief de la communauté nationaliste, n’était pour certains qu’un marché politique destiné à satisfaire le Sinn Féin, tandis que d’autres y voyaient plutôt la compensation d’une injustice qui durait depuis trop longtemps.The Bloody Sunday Inquiry, created in 1998 by the British Parliament and often known as the “Saville Inquiry”, was the second public inquiry into the killing of 13 civil rights demonstrators in Northern Ireland on Bloody Sunday (30th January 1972). The notion of “balance” is seen here through the prism of justice and two closely related concepts: impartiality and fairness. Indeed, the task of the Saville Inquiry could be seen as addressing an imbalance: in order for trust to be restored after the disappointment of the first inquiry, the official version of Bloody Sunday had to be rewritten in a manner that would convince public opinion that the truth had finally been told. In doing so, the inquiry had to appear “balanced”: the tribunal had to convince participants, in particular those from the nationalist community, that it could be truly impartial and fair. This sometimes also meant carrying out a “balancing exercise” between several considerations: the rights of the victims and the rights of the military witnesses, truth and justice, attributing blame while remaining fair. In the wider context of the peace process, too, the inquiry had to deal with accusations of imbalance: the very fact that the British state had agreed to carry out a high-profile inquiry to address this long-standing grievance of the nationalist community was seen by some as a political trade-off to appease Sinn Féin, while others believed it was simply a long-overdue compensation for injustice

Vérité et justice comme remèdes au trauma : Bloody Sunday et l’enquête Saville

Bloody Sunday reste l’un des événements des Troubles en Irlande du Nord qui a le plus marqué la mémoire collective. Son potentiel traumatique s’explique d’une part par l’implication des forces de l’État, et d’autre part, par l’impact doublement traumatisant du rapport Widgery : la première enquête publique de 1972 fut perçue comme une tentative de blanchir l’armée. Après des années de campagne, les familles obtinrent en 1998 une seconde enquête. Dans un contexte de réconciliation, un des objectifs de l’enquête Saville était de « guérir » les blessures laissées par Bloody Sunday et par le rapport Widgery. Cependant, comme tous les organismes de transition dont le rôle est d’apaiser les tensions liées à un passé contentieux afin de permettre aux communautés concernées de construire un futur commun, l’enquête a également suscité doutes et critiques.Bloody Sunday is among the events of the Northern Irish Troubles which have left a deep imprint on popular memory. Its traumatic potential can be explained on the one hand by the involvement of the state forces, and on the other hand, by the additional traumatic impact of the Widgery report: the 1972 public inquiry was perceived as a “whitewash”. In 1998, after years of campaigning by the families, the Saville Inquiry was set up. In a context of reconciliation, one of its objectives was to “heal” the wounds left by Bloody Sunday and by the Widgery Inquiry. However, like all transitional bodies, the role of which is to ease the tensions linked to a contentious past in order to allow the communities in question to build a common future, the Saville Inquiry has also raised criticism and doubt

THE MEDIATION AS INSTRUMENT FOR THE FAIR SOLUTION OF CONFLICTS

O tema deste artigo é a mediação como efetiva atividade socioprofissional, sendo uma alternativa na resolução de conflitos. Investigou-se o seguinte problema: "A mediação possui modelos especí­ficos de atuação?". Cogitou-se a seguinte hipótese "Diante do novo cenário apresentado, é crucial formatar e capacitar uma nova ordem na advocacia que esteja pronta para assessorar com tecnicidade suficiente aqueles que fazem essa opção". O objetivo geral é "buscar a promoção do diálogo". Os objetivos especí­ficos são: "Buscar a assistência dos conflitos por terceiros fora da causa, que devem encaminhar propostas com imparcialidade e procurar que as partes as resolvam."; "capacitar as partes que estejam inseridas na contenda para que possam liderar o diálogo frente ao conflito e promover assim a resolução do problema"; "a solução extrajudicial dos conflitos". Este trabalho é importante para um operador do Direito devido í  limitação imposta pelo modelo jurí­dico tradicional; para a ciência, é relevante pois o dissenso sendo tornado em consenso, e tendo como fundamento a visão positiva dos interesses contrariados, configura respostas satisfatórias í s crescentes demandas sociais apresentadas nas relações humana e agrega í  sociedade pelo fato de apresentar novas possibilidades de atuação alternativa na administração de conflitos, onde a cultura do lití­gio abre espaço  para voltar ao diálogo e í  possibilidade de chegar a um acordo. Isso ocorre porque a mediação tende a facilitar essa possibilidade entre as várias partes existentes, dando o suporte técnico necessário ao Judiciário, uma vez que muitos conflitos podem ser solucionados pelas mesmas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa teórica com duração de seis meses.The theme of this article is mediation as an effective socio-professional activity, being an alternative in conflict resolution. The following problem was investigated: "Does mediation have specific models of performance?". The following hypothesis was considered "In view of the new scenario presented, it is crucial to format and train a new order in law that is ready to advise those who make this option with sufficient technicality". The general objective is to "seek to promote dialogue". The specific objectives are: "Seek assistance from conflicts by third parties outside the cause, who must submit proposals with impartiality and seek that the parties resolve them."; "To enable the parties that are part of the dispute so that they can lead the dialogue in the face of conflict and thus promote the resolution of the problem"; "The out-of-court solution to conflicts". This work is important for an operator of the Law due to the limitation imposed by the traditional legal model; for science, it is relevant because the dissent being made in consensus, and having as a basis the positive view of contradicted interests, it configures satisfactory responses to the growing social demands presented in human relations and adds to society by presenting new possibilities of alternative action in conflict management, where the culture of litigation opens space to return to dialogue and the possibility of reaching an agreement. This is because mediation tends to facilitate this possibility between the various existing parties, providing the necessary technical support to the Judiciary, since many conflicts can be resolved by them. This is a qualitative theoretical research lasting six months

A ESCOLA LATINO-AMERICANA DE AGROECOLOGIA (ELAA) E A QUESTÃO CIENTÍFICO-TÉCNICA NAS RELAÇÕES DE DEPENDÊNCIA

O presente artigo discute a formação da Escola Latino-Americana de Agroecologia (ELAA), originária dos movimentos dos trabalhadores no campo, em uma perspectiva macrossocial. Argumentamos que a dinâmica pedagógica-laboral da ELAA ilustra tanto os avanços quanto os atuais limites das concepções científico-técnicas na expansão internacional do capitalismo. Assim, abordamos a temática a partir da teoria marxista da dependência, destacando o conflito entre a matriz primário-exportadora do empresariado e os projetos autônomos da classe trabalhadora no continente. Palavra-chave: Escola Latino-Americana de Agroecologia; Teoria Marxista da Dependência; Ciência, Tecnologia & Sociedade

Teoria, dependência e uma práxis latino-americana: a atualidade do pensamento de Ruy Mauro Marini à crítica da globalização capitalista

Este artigo se propõe a recuperar os fundamentos e o desenvolvimento da teoria marxista da dependência, em especial a partir do pensamento de Ruy Mauro Marini, tendo em vista a discussão a respeito das circunstâncias atuais do desenvolvimento capitalista em escala mundial e da posição da América Latina, particularmente do Brasil, no seu interior. Queremos mostrar como as indicações de Marini em seu último texto, Proceso y tendencias de la globalización capitalista, estão organicamente articuladas com o todo de sua produção teórica – e não em contradição com ela – e jogam luz sobre a nossa situação atual, relacionando essas indicações com análises teóricas e empíricas mais recentes a respeito da economia capitalista mundial

Los Inconscientes: una revisión bibliográfica y comparativa de diferentes miradas sobre el concepto

Currently, in the academic field, the different currents in psychology are often opposed without deepening their points of agreement. As a result of this, the present investigation makes a comparison of the unconscious concept according to: Sigmund Freud father of Psychoanalysis; Milton Erickson influencing the Systemic model; And Manuel Froufe compiler and impeller of the unconscious within the Cognitive model. The methodology was documentary, for which we used texts extracted from specific search engines such as: Google Academic, Redalyc, Scielo, Proquest, and books of authors relevant to the topic. It was concluded that there is a difference in the area in which the term was developed, being clinical in Erickson and Freud and academic-experimental in Froufe. It is also important to note that the popularity of the unconscious is remarkable in Freud, in Erickson's case it is comparatively minor, but not so with the cognitive unconscious, because its formulation is of recent appearance and does not yet have clinical developments.Actualmente en el ámbito académico se suelen oponer las distintas corrientes en psicología sin profundizar en sus puntos de coincidencia. A raíz de esto, la presente investigación realiza una comparación del concepto inconsciente según: Sigmund Freud padre del Psicoanálisis; Milton Erickson influenciador del modelo Sistémico; y Manuel Froufe compilador e impulsor del inconsciente dentro del modelo Cognitivo.La metodología fue de tipo documental, para lo cual se utilizaron textos extraídos de motores de búsqueda específicos de investigación tales como: Google Académico, Redalyc, Scielo, Proquest, y libros de divulgación de autores pertinentes a la temática.Se pudo concluir que existe una diferencia en lo que respecta al ámbito en la cual se desarrolló el término, siendo clínico en Erickson y Freud y académico-experimental en Froufe. También es importante destacar que la popularidad del inconsciente es notable en Freud, en el caso de Erickson es menor comparativamente hablando, pero no ocurre lo mismo con el inconsciente cognitivo, debido a que su formulación es de reciente aparición y aún no cuenta con desarrollos clínicos, sino más bien experimentales.