Effect of low-level laser therapy (gaaias - λ660 Nm) on muscle function

Introduction: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is effective in preventing fatigue and in stimulating the microcirculation and cellular activity. In this study, we examined the effect of LLLT on injured tibial muscle in vivo by assessing muscle function during fatigue. Methods: Twenty-four male mice were used. Each mouse received an injection of sterile 0.9% saline solution (50 µL) in the right tibialis anterior muscle, after which the tendon of the muscle was exposed, connected to an isometric transducer and subjected to a resting tension of 1 g. A bipolar electrode was attached to the tibial nerve for electrical stimulation. The mice were randomly allocated to one of two groups: G1 (control: 3 h - n=8 and 9 h - n=5) and G2 (treated with GaAlAs laser, λ660 nm, 35 mW, 0.6 J, 17 s: 3 h - n=6 and 9 h - n=5). Results: In G1 mice, the amplitude of the tetanic contracture in response to induced fatigue remained unchanged during six consecutive tetani. The amplitude of the tetanic contractions in response to electrical stimulation (4-8 mV) was also unchanged. These results indicated muscle intactness in response to the load imposed by tetanus. In G2 mice, there was an increase in the amplitude of contraction after 3 h and 9 h when compared to G1 at 83% tetanus. Conclusion: These results indicate that exposure of muscle to LLLT enhanced the contractile force and increased the resistance to muscle fatigue without causing morphological damage to cellular structures. © 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomedica.Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is effective in preventing fatigue and in stimulating the microcirculation and cellular activity. In this study, we examined the effect of LLLT on injured tibial muscle in vivo by assessing muscle function during fatigue. Methods: Twenty-four male mice were used. Each mouse received an injection of sterile 0.9% saline solution (50 µL) in the right tibialis anterior muscle, after which the tendon of the muscle was exposed, connected to an isometric transducer and subjected to a resting tension of 1 g. A bipolar electrode was attached to the tibial nerve for electrical stimulation. The mice were randomly allocated to one of two groups: G1 (control: 3 h - n=8 and 9 h - n=5) and G2 (treated with GaAlAs laser, λ660 nm, 35 mW, 0.6 J, 17 s: 3 h - n=6 and 9 h - n=5). Results: In G1 mice, the amplitude of the tetanic contracture in response to induced fatigue remained unchanged during six consecutive tetani. The amplitude of the tetanic contractions in response to electrical stimulation (4-8 mV) was also unchanged. These results indicated muscle intactness in response to the load imposed by tetanus. In G2 mice, there was an increase in the amplitude of contraction after 3 h and 9 h when compared to G1 at 83% tetanus. Conclusion: These results indicate that exposure of muscle to LLLT enhanced the contractile force and increased the resistance to muscle fatigue without causing morphological damage to cellular structures31324124

Two-dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis Applied For Analytical Proteomics: Fundamentals And Applications To The Study Of Plant Proteomics

The present review reports the principles, fundamentals and some applications of two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis for analytical proteomics based on plant proteome analysis, also emphasizing some advantages of 2-D DIGE over 2-D PAGE techniques. Some fluorescent protein labeling reagents, methods of protein labeling, models of 2-D DIGE experiments, and some limitations of this technique are presented and discussed in terms of 2-D DIGE plant proteomes. Finally, some practical applications of this technique are pointed out, emphasizing its potentialities in plant proteomics. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.1362041194126Wilkins, M.R., Sanchez, J.C., Williams, K.L., Hochstrasser, D.F., (1996) Electrophoresis, 17, pp. 830-838Bandow, J.E., Baker, J.D., Berth, M., Painter, C., Sepulveda, O.J., Clark, K.A., Kilty, I., Vanbogelen, R.A., (2008) Proteomics, 8, pp. 3030-3041Berth, M., Moser, F.M., Kolbe, M., Bernhardt, J., (2007) Appl. Microbiol. 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Computation of initial conditions for a thin disc as an extension of Dehnen algorithm

Galaxie

PROFIT: a new alternative for emission-line PROfile FITting

I briefly describe a simple routine for emission-line profiles fitting by Gaussian curves or Gauss-Hermite series. The PROFIT (line-PROfile FITting) routine represent a new alternative for use in fits data cubes, as those from Integral Field Spectroscopy or Fabry-Perot Interferometry, and may be useful to better study the emission-line flux distributions and gas kinematics in distinct astrophysical objects, such as the central regions of galaxies and star forming regions. The PROFIT routine is written in IDL language and is available at http://www.ufsm.br/rogemar/software.html. The PROFIT routine was used to fit the [Fe II]1.257um emission-line profiles for about 1800 spectra of the inner 350 pc of the Seyfert galaxy Mrk1066 obtained with Gemini NIFS and shows that the line profiles are better reproduced by Gauss-Hermite series than by the commonly used Gaussian curves. The two-dimensional map of the h_3 Gauss-Hermite moment shows its highest absolute values in regions close to the edge of the radio structure. These high values may be originated in an biconical outflowing gas associated with the radio jet - previously observed in the optical [O III] emission. The analysis of this kinematic component indicates that the radio jet leaves the center of the galaxy with the north-west side slightly oriented towards us and the south-east side away from us, being partially hidden by the disc of the galaxy.Comment: Accepted for publication Astrophysics & Space Science - 7 pges; 4 Fig

Is the Sgr dSph a dark matter dominated system?

We study the evolution of possible progenitors of Sgr dSph}using several numerical N-body simulations of different dwarf spheroidal galaxies both with and without dark matter, as they orbit the Milky Way. The barionic and dark components of the dwarfs were made obeying a Plummer and NFW potentials of one million particles respectively. The Milky Way was modeled like a tree-component rigid potential and the simulations were performed using a modified Gadget-2 code. We found that none of the simulated galaxies without dark matter reproduced the physical properties observed in Sgr dSph, suggesting that, at the beginning of its evolution, Sgr dSph might have been immersed in a dark matter halo. The simulations of progenitors immersed in dark matter halos suggest that Sgr dSph at its beginning might have been an extended system, i.e. its Plummer radius could have had a value approximated to 1.2 kpc or higher; furthermore, this galaxy could have been immersed in a dark halo with a mass higher than 10^8 solar masses. These results are important for the construction of a model of the formation of Sgr dSph.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, New Astronomy - accepte

Criticality in confined ionic fluids

A theory of a confined two dimensional electrolyte is presented. The positive and negative ions, interacting by a $1/r$ potential, are constrained to move on an interface separating two solvents with dielectric constants $\epsilon_1$ and $\epsilon_2$. It is shown that the Debye-H\"uckel type of theory predicts that the this 2d Coulomb fluid should undergo a phase separation into a coexisting liquid (high density) and gas (low density) phases. We argue, however, that the formation of polymer-like chains of alternating positive and negative ions can prevent this phase transition from taking place.Comment: RevTex, no figures, in press Phys. Rev.

Analysis of bioactivities and chemical composition of Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. using HPLC–DAD

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical profile and antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. (HELZJ). The antioxidant DPPH and FRAP assays and chemical profile were determined by colorimetric methods and HPLC/DAD. The antiparasitic, antibiotic and antibiotic-modifying activity were evaluated by microdilution assays. The HPLC–DAD assay showed the presence of mostly tannins and flavonoids, such as caffeic acid and quercetin. The levels of polyphenols and flavonoids were 183.136mg/g extract and 7.37mg/g extract, respectively. DPPH and FRAP showed low antioxidant activity for the extract. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were not of clinical relevance, showing MIC>1024μg/mL. However, synergism was observed between HELZJ and the antibiotics amikacin and gentamicin, which resulted in decreased bacterial drug resistance. EHFZJ showed low toxicity in fibroblasts in vitro, while antiparasitic results against Trypnosoma cruzi, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum were not clinically relevant. Thus, our results indicate that Z. joazeiro Mart. (HELZJ) could be a source of plant-derived natural products that could lead to the development of promising new antibiotic compounds for infectious diseases

Cosmological equations and Thermodynamics on Apparent Horizon in Thick Braneworld

We derive the generalized Friedmann equation governing the cosmological evolution inside the thick brane model in the presence of two curvature correction terms: a four-dimensional scalar curvature from induced gravity on the brane, and a five-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet curvature term. We find two effective four-dimensional reductions of the Friedmann equation in some limits and demonstrate that they can be rewritten as the first law of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon of thick braneworld.Comment: 25 pages, no figure, a definition corrected, several references added, more motivation and discussio

Search for the Rare Decay KL --> pi0 ee

The KTeV/E799 experiment at Fermilab has searched for the rare kaon decay KL--> pi0ee. This mode is expected to have a significant CP violating component. The measurement of its branching ratio could support the Standard Model or could indicate the existence of new physics. This letter reports new results from the 1999-2000 data set. One event is observed with an expected background at 0.99 +/- 0.35 events. We set a limit on the branching ratio of 3.5 x 10^(-10) at the 90% confidence level. Combining the results with the dataset taken in 1997 yields the final KTeV result: BR(KL --> pi0 ee) < 2.8 x 10^(-10) at 90% CL.Comment: 4 pages, three figure