AChE-inhibitory properties and the chemical composition of Salvia aethiopis L. essential oil

Previously, the hydrodistilled essential oil of the aerial parts of Salvia aethiopis L. (Lamiaceae) from Erzurum–Turkey was reported to contain germacrene D (29.0%), α-copaene (19.8%), β-cubebene + β-elemene (9.9%), bicyclogermacrene (9.3%), δ-cadinene (8.7%), and β-caryophyllene (7.3%) [1]. The current study aims to provide information on the essential-oil composition of the aerial parts of S. aethiopis from another location in Turkey. The plant material used in this study was collected from Tokat in June 2017. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation (3 h) of air-dried aerial parts using a Clevenger-type apparatus, in a yield of 0.09 mL per 100 g of plant material. The essential oil was diluted with n-hexane 1:10 (v/v) and used as such for the GC-MS analysis. The essential oil was analyzed with an Agilent 5977 MSD GC-MS system operating in EI mode; injector and MS transfer line temperatures were set at 250 °C. Splitless injection was used in the analysis. Innowax FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness) and helium as the carrier gas (1 mL/min) were used in GC-MS analyses. The oven temperature program was: 60 °C for 10 min and then raised to 220 °C at a rate of 4 °C/min, afterwards the temperature was kept constant at 220 °C for 10 min and then raised to 240 °C at a rate of 1 °C/min. Mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV with the mass range m/z 35-425. Relative amounts of the separated compounds were calculated from the integration of the peaks in MS chromatograms. Identification of essential-oil components was carried out by comparison of their retention indices (RI), relative to a series of n-alkanes (C5 to C30), with the literature values, as well as by mass spectral comparison. Eighty-one compounds were identified comprising 90.1% of the detected oil constitutes. The main components of the oil of S. aethiopis from Tokat were α-copaene (17.8%), germacrene D (12.7%), bicyclogermacrene (11.8%), β-caryophyllene (6.9%), and δ-cadinene (4.3%). The results agreed generally with the literature ones except for the variation in the percentage of the main components. Additionally, AChE-inhibitory properties of the essential oil were investigated and the oil was demonstrated to inhibit 46.4±0.8% (n = 3) of AChE activity, at 1 mg/mL

The chemical composition of Salvia euphratica Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. essential oil from Sivas-Turkey

Previously, only the fatty-oil composition of Salvia euphratica Montbret & Aucher ex Benth. (syn. Salvia euphratica var. euphratica) was reported, however, there are no other studies on the chemistry of this species [1]. Up to now, there are no reports on the essential-oil composition of this taxon. In this study, we aimed to investigate the composition of three different samples of the essential oil of S. euphratica collected in June 2017 from two different sites in Sivas-Turkey. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from air-dried aerial parts of the plant using a Clevenger-type apparatus for the duration of 3 h. The essential-oil yields for the three samples were determined to be: 0.25, 0.15, and 0.13% (v/v), for a sample with glandular hairs (1) and a sample without glandular hairs (2) from location 1 and for a sample with glandular hairs (3) from location 2, respectively. The oils were diluted with n-hexane 1:10 (v/v) and analyzed as such on an Agilent 5977 MSD GC-MS system operating in the EI mode injector and MS transfer line temperatures were set at 250 °C. Splitless injection was used in the analysis. Innowax FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness) and helium, as the carrier gas (1 mL/min), were used in GC-MS analyses. The oven temperature program was: 60 °C for 10 min and then raised to 220 °C at a rate of 4 °C/min, afterwards the temperature was kept constant at 220 °C for 10 min and then raised to 240 °C at a rate of 1 °C/min. Mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV with the mass range m/z 35-425. Relative amounts of the separated compounds were calculated from the integration of the peaks in MS chromatograms. The main components of sample 1 essential oil were 1,8-cineole (20.7%), camphor (10.0%), nopinone (4.7%), trans-pinocarveol (4.3%), myrtenal (4.3%), β-pinene (3.3%), and camphene (2.2%). Sample 2 oil contained high amounts of 1,8-cineole (13.5%), camphor (7.6%), trans-pinocarveol (7.1%), myrtenal (5.7%), nopinone (4.6%), myrtenol (3.9%), borneol (3.4%), and pinocarvone (3.2%). Finally, the main components of sample 3 oil were: 1,8-cineole (16.8%), trans-pinocarveol (4.7%), camphor (4.0%), myrtenyl acetate (3.7%), myrtenal (3.6%), linalool (2.8%), trans-linalool oxide (furanoid) (2.6%), and myrtenol (2.6%). The highest noted AChE-inhibitory activity of the oils were 63±5%, 57±2%, and 63±1%, respectively

Panoramik Radyografiler Kullanılarak Kronik Böbrek Yetersizliği Hastaları ile Sağlıklı Bireylerin Ağız Bulgularının Karşılaştırılması: Olgu Kontrol Araştırması

Amaç: Ağız hastalıkları ve dental girişimler, hemodiyaliz uygulanan kronik böbrek yetersizliği hastalarında önemli morbidite ve potansiyel mortaliteyle sonuçlanan bakteriyemilere yol açabilir. İlerleyen teknoloji ve tıp ile birlikte ağız, diş ve çene sağlığı uzmanlarının da tıbbi açıdan komplike sorunları olan hastaların yönetiminde bütüncül bir yaklaşıma sahip olması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, retrospektif olarak kronik böbrek yetersizliği hastaları ile sağlıklı bireylere ait panoramik radyografiler üzerinde spesifik bulgular ve mevcut ağız sağlığı tablosunu inceleyerek, aralarında istatistiksel anlamda bir fark olup olmadığını araştırmayı, ayrıca kronik böbrek yetersizliği hastalarında Brown tümörünün görülme olasılığını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda 42 (%28,2) kadın, 107 (%71,8) erkek olmak üzere 149 kronik böbrek yetersizliği hastası ile aynı hastaneye rutin diş tedavisi için başvurmuş, yaş ve cinsiyet uyumlu 60 (%30) kadın, 140 (%70) erkek olmak üzere 200 kontrol grubuna ait panoramik görüntülemeler kullanılmıştır. Yirmi yaş dişlerinin de dâhil edildiği çalışmamızda, çürük, eksik ve dolgulu dişlerin matematiksel toplamı olan çürük, eksik ve dolgulu diş indeksi ve ayrıca periodontal harabiyet, periapikal indeks, lamina dura kaybı, pulpa kalsifikasyonları sağlıklı bireyler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma grubunda, Brown tümörünün varlığı ve yüzdesi araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Verilerimize göre çalışma ve kontrol grupları arasında sadece dolgulu dişler ile lamina dura kaybında istatistiksel anlamda farklılık elde edilmiştir. Çalışma grubunda sadece 1 (%0,7) kişide Brown tümör ile uyumlu görüntü gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak çalışmamızda, kronik böbrek yetersizliği hastalarında ağız sağlığının birçok yönünün iyi eşleştirilmiş bir kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılabilir olduğu gösterilmiştir

A new essential-oil chemotype of Tanacetum sorbifolium (Boiss. ex Boiss.) Grierson from Trabzon-Turkey

Previously, the essential oil of the aerial parts of Tanacetum sorbifolium (Boiss. ex Boiss.) Grierson (Asteraceae) from Gümüşhane-Turkey was reported to contain camphor (54.3%), pinocarvone (5.1%), and bornyl acetate (3.9%) [1]. There are a number of examples of Tanacetum species showing a high degree of chemotypification. During our fieldwork in Trabzon, we encountered T. sorbifolium and decided to reanalyze its essential oil due to the possibility of finding a new chemotype. The plant material used in this study was collected in July 2017 at an altitude of 1328 m. The essential oil was obtained from air-dried aerial parts by hydrodistillation (3 h) in a Clevenger-type apparatus in a yield of 0.09% (v/w). The essential oil was diluted 1:10 (v/v) with n-hexane and used as such for the GC-MS analysis. The GC-MS analysis was done on an Agilent 5977 MSD GC-MS system operating in EI mode with a split injection (1:50). An Innowax FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness) and helium, as the carrier gas (1 mL/min), were used. The following temperature program was used in the GC-MS analysis–60 °C: 10 min→ 220 °C at 4 °C/min; 220 °C: 10 min→ 240 °C at 1 °C/min). Identification of essential-oil components was carried out by comparison of their retention indices (RI), relative to a series of n-alkanes (C5 to C30), with the literature values, as well as by mass spectral comparison. One hundred seventy-four compounds were identified representing 84.1% of the detected GC-peak areas. The main components of the oil were sabinyl acetate (15.4%), spathulenol (7.5%), hexadecanoic acid (2.6%), artemisia ketone (2.4%), caryophyllenol-I (2.4%), salvial-4(14)-en-1ξ-ol (2.3%), and linalool (2.1%). The essential oil composition of T. sorbifolium from Trabzon is more complex in comparison to the previously reported composition. Additionally, the main components observed in the current study and those from the literature were considerably different. Previously, camphor, pinocarvone, and bornyl acetate were reported as the main components, however, in the current study, the essential oil completely lacked camphor and pinocarvone but it contained bornyl acetate in only 0.4%. AChE-inhibitory properties of the oil were also investigated and it was found that the oil (at 5 mg/ml) inhibited 7±2% (n = 3) of the enzyme’s activity

Nosocomial infections in neonatal units in Turkey: epidemiology, problems, unit policies and opinions of healthcare workers

WOS: 000276572900008PubMed ID: 20402067Turkish Neonatal Society Nosocomial Infections Study Group. Nosocomial infections in neonatal units in Turkey: epidemiology, problems, unit policies and opinions of healthcare workers. Turk J Pediatr 2010; 52: 50-57. The epidemiology of nosocomial infections in Turkish neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) shows that nosocomial sepsis is an important problem, especially for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, and gram-negative agents, particularly Klebsiella species, are still the major causes of nosocomial infections. Sepsis frequency was 6.4%, ranging from 2.1 to 17%, in 16 centers in Turkey. Sepsis frequency was 22% in infants 2500 g. Sepsis-related mortality was 24.4 for 100 sepsis cases, ranging from 0 to 75 for 100 cases. Ventilator-associated pneumonia frequency was 1.7%, catheter-related infection frequency was 0.14% and urinary tract infection frequency was 3.7%. Healthcare workers (HCWs) complain of the inadequacy of some basic facilities and of staffing; however, they are aware of the causes and solutions and are willing to overcome this major health problem. We conclude that Turkish neonatal HCWs are quite optimistic about preventing neonatal nosocomial infections