353 research outputs found
Proposing Kluyvera georgiana as the Origin of the Plasmid-Mediated Resistance Gene fosA4
A putative fosA gene in Kluyvera georgiana 14751 showed 99% nucleotide identity with plasmid-encoded fosA4. Due to a single-nucleotide insertion translating to a truncated protein, K. georgiana 14751 fosA does not confer fosfomycin resistance. However, analysis of another genome deposit (Kluyvera ascorbata WCH1410) that could be recategorized as K. georgiana after phylogenetic analysis revealed a fosA gene 100% identical to the plasmid-borne fosA4 gene. We suggest that Kluyvera georgiana represents the most probable origin of fosA4.Fil: Rodriguez, Maria Margarita. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa, InmunologĂa y BiotecnologĂa. CĂĄtedra de MicrobiologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ghiglione, Barbara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa, InmunologĂa y BiotecnologĂa. CĂĄtedra de MicrobiologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Power, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa, InmunologĂa y BiotecnologĂa. CĂĄtedra de MicrobiologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Naas, Thierry. HĂŽpital de BicĂȘtre. Service de BactĂ©riologie HygiĂšne; FranciaFil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa, InmunologĂa y BiotecnologĂa. CĂĄtedra de MicrobiologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentin
Molecular and biochemical characterization of CTX-M-131, a natural Asp240Gly variant derived from CTX-M-2, produced by a Providencia rettgeri clinical strain in SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil
CTX-M-131 is a natural Asp240Gly variant from the CTX-M-2 group detected in a Providencia rettgeri clinical strain from Brazil. Molecular analysis showed that blaCTX-M-131 was inserted in a complex class 1 integron harbored by a 112-kb plasmid, which has not been previously described as a platform for CTX-M-encoding genes with the Asp240Gly mutation. Steady-state kinetic parameters showed that the enzyme has a typical cefotaximase catalytic profile and an enhanced activity against ceftazidime.Fil: Dropa, Milena. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ghiglione, Barbara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica; ArgentinaFil: MattĂ©, Maria Helena. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Balsalobre, Livia Carminato. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Lincopan, Nilton. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: MattĂ©, Glavur RogĂ©rio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica; ArgentinaFil: Power, Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentin
Opportunities for and challenges of occupational pluralism in seasonal fisheries: Regional cases from Atlantic Canada
This report presents the findings from the Atlantic Canada case studies component of the Canadian Council
of Professional Fish Harvestersâ (CCPFH) national study entitled Fisheries Seasonality and the Allocation
of Labour and Skills Labour Market Information, which was funded by Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. The Atlantic Canada case studies were coordinated by the Newfoundland and Labrador (NL)-based Professional Fish Harvesters Certification Board and carried out by Memorial University researchers Dr. Paul Foley (School of Science and Environment, Grenfell Campus), Dr. Barbara
Neis (Sociology) and Dr. Nicole Power (Sociology), with help from Research Assistants Christine Knott
(PhD student, Sociology) and Dr. Courtenay Parlee. The funds were administered by Memorial University and the research was carried out with support from the On the Move Partnership (www.onthemovepartnership.ca)
"Bringing heaven down to earthâ: The purpose and place of religion in UK food aid
yesThis paper uses data from a city with a multi-ethnic, multi-faith population to better
understand faith-based food aid. It aims to understand what constitutes faith-based responses
to food insecurity; compare the prevalence and nature of faith-based food aid across different
religions; and explore how community food aid meets the needs of a multi-ethnic, multi-faith
population.
Methodology
The study involved two phases of primary research. In phase one, desk-based research and
dialogue with stakeholders in local food security programmes was used to identify faith-
based responses to food insecurity. Phase two consisted of 18 semi-structured interviews
involving faith-based and secular charitable food aid organizations.
Findings
The paper illustrates the internal heterogeneity of faith-based food aid. Faith-based food aid is
highly prevalent and the vast majority is Christian. Doctrine is a key motivation among
Christian organizations for their provision of food. The fact that the clients at faith-based,
particularly Christian, food aid did not reflect the local religious demographic is a cause for
concern in light of the entry-barriers identified. This concern is heightened by the co-option
of faith-based organizations by the state as part of the âBig Societyâ agenda.
Originality
This is the first academic study in the UK to look at the faith-based arrangements of Christian
and Muslim food aid providers, to set out what it means to provide faith-based food aid in the
UK and to explore how faith-based food aid interacts with people of other religions and no
religion
Structural and biochemical characterization of the novel CTXM-151 extended-spectrum ÎČ-lactamase and its inhibition by avibactam
The diazabicyclooctane (DBO) inhibitor avibactam (AVI) reversibly inactivates most serine ÎČ-lactamases, including the CTX-M ÎČ-lactamases. Currently, more than 230 unique CTX-M members distributed in five clusters with less than 5% amino acid sequence divergence within each group have been described. Recently, a variant named CTX-M-151 was isolated from a Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis strain in Japan. This variant possesses a low degree of amino acid identity with the other CTX-Ms (63.2% to 69.7% with respect to the mature proteins), and thus it may represent a new subgroup within the family. CTX-M-151 hydrolyzes ceftriaxone better than ceftazidime (kcat/Km values 6,000-fold higher), as observed with CTX-Ms. CTX-M-151 is well inhibited by mechanism-based inhibitors like clavulanic acid (inactivation rate [kinact]/inhibition constant [Ki] = 0.15ÎŒM-1 · s-1). For AVI, the apparent inhibition constant (Ki app), 0.4mM, was comparable to that of KPC-2; the acylation rate (k2/K) (37,000 M-1 · s-1) was lower than that for CTX-M-15, while the deacylation rate (koff) (0.0015 s21) was 2- to 14-fold higher than those of other class A ÎČ-lactamases. The structure of the CTX-M-151/AVI complex (1.32 Ă
) reveals that AVI adopts a chair conformation with hydrogen bonds between the AVI carbamate and Ser70 and Ser237 at the oxyanion hole. Upon acylation, the side chain of Lys73 points toward Ser130, which is associated with the protonation of Glu166, supporting the role of Lys73 in the proton relay pathway and Glu166 as the general base in deacylation. To our knowledge, this is the first chromosomally encoded CTX-M in Salmonella Choleraesuis that shows similar hydrolytic preference toward cefotaxime (CTX) and ceftriaxone (CRO) to that toward ceftazidime (CAZ).Fil: Ghiglione, Barbara. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa, InmunologĂa y BiotecnologĂa; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: RodrĂguez, MarĂa Margarita. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa, InmunologĂa y BiotecnologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Brunetti, Florencia Lourdes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa, InmunologĂa y BiotecnologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Papp Wallace, Krisztina M.. Case Western Reserve University; Estados UnidosFil: Yoshizumi, Ayumi. Toho University; JapĂłnFil: Ishii, Yoshikazu. Toho University; JapĂłnFil: Bonomo, Robert A.. Case Western Reserve University; Estados UnidosFil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa, InmunologĂa y BiotecnologĂa; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Klinke, Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de Buenos Aires. FundaciĂłn Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Power, Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa, InmunologĂa y BiotecnologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular; Argentin
SAMI-HI: the connection between global asymmetry in the ionised and neutral atomic hydrogen gas in galaxies
Observations of the neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) gas in galaxies are
predominantly spatially unresolved, in the form of a global HI spectral line.
There has been substantial work on quantifying asymmetry in global HI spectra
(`global HI asymmetry'), but due to being spatially unresolved, it remains
unknown what physical regions of galaxies the asymmetry traces, and whether the
other gas phases are affected. Using optical integral field spectrograph (IFS)
observations from the Sydney AAO Multi-object IFS (SAMI) survey for which
global HI spectra are also available (SAMI-HI), we study the connection between
asymmetry in galaxies' ionised and neutral gas reservoirs to test if and how
they can help us better understand the origin of global HI asymmetry. We
reconstruct the global H spectral line from the IFS observations and
find that, while some global H asymmetries can arise from disturbed
ionised gas kinematics, the majority of asymmetric cases are driven by the
distribution of H-emitting gas. When compared to the HI, we find no
evidence for a relationship between the global H and HI asymmetry.
Further, a visual inspection reveals that cases where galaxies have
qualitatively similar H and HI spectral profiles can be spurious, with
the similarity originating from an irregular 2D H flux distribution.
Our results highlight that comparisons between global H and HI
asymmetry are not straightforward, and that many global HI asymmetries trace
disturbances that do not significantly impact the central regions of galaxies.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 appendix, accepted for publication in MNRA
Comparative Kinetic Analysis of OXA-438 with Related OXA-48-Type Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Class D ÎČ-Lactamases
Novel variants of OXA-48-type enzymes with the ability to hydrolyze oxyimino-cephalosporins and carbapenems are increasingly reported. Since its first report in 2011, OXA-163 is now extensively spread throughout Argentina, and several variants like OXA-247 have emerged. Here, we characterized a new blaOXA-48-like variant, OXA-438, and we performed a comparative kinetic analysis with the local variants OXA-247 and OXA-163 and the internationally disseminated OXA-48. blaOXA-163, blaOXA-247, and blaOXA-438 were located in a 70 kb IncN2 conjugative plasmid. OXA-438 presented mutations in the vicinity of conserved KTG (214-216), with a 2-aa deletion (R220-I221) and a D224E shift (as in OXA-163) compared to OXA-48. Despite Kpn163 (OXA-163), Kpn247 (OXA-247) and Eco438 (OXA-438) were resistant to meropenem and ertapenem, and the transconjugants (TC) remained susceptible (however, the carbapenems minimum inhibitory concentrations were â„3 times 2-fold dilutions higher than the acceptor strain). TC163 and Eco48 were resistant to oxyimino-cephalosporins, unlike TC247 and TC438. kcat/Km values for cefotaxime in OXA-163 were slightly higher than the rest of the variants that were accompanied by a lower Km for carbapenems. For OXA-163, OXA-247, and OXA-438, the addition of NaHCO3 improved kcat values for both cefotaxime and ceftazidime; carbapenems kcat/Km values were higher than for oxyimino-cephalosporins. Mutations occurring near the conserved KTG in OXA-247 and OXA-438 are probably responsible for the improved carbapenems hydrolysis and decreased inactivation of oxyimino-cephalosporins compared to OXA-163. Dichroism results suggest that deletions at the ÎČ5-ÎČ6 loop seem to impact the structural stability of OXA-48 variants. Finally, additional mechanisms are probably involved in the resistance pattern observed in the clinical isolates.Fil: de Belder, Denise Gisele. DirecciĂłn Nacional de Institutos de InvestigaciĂłn. AdministraciĂłn Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Ărea de Antimicrobianos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Ghiglione, Barbara. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular (ibavim) ; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica ; Universidad de Buenos Aires; . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Pasteran, Fernando. DirecciĂłn Nacional de Institutos de InvestigaciĂłn. AdministraciĂłn Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Ărea de Antimicrobianos; ArgentinaFil: de Mendieta, Juan Manuel. DirecciĂłn Nacional de Institutos de InvestigaciĂłn. AdministraciĂłn Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Ărea de Antimicrobianos; ArgentinaFil: Corso, Alejandra. DirecciĂłn Nacional de Institutos de InvestigaciĂłn. AdministraciĂłn Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Ărea de Antimicrobianos; ArgentinaFil: Curto, Lucrecia MarĂa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de QuĂmica y FĂsico-QuĂmica BiolĂłgicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Instituto de QuĂmica y FĂsico-QuĂmica BiolĂłgicas; ArgentinaFil: Di Bella, Adriana. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular (ibavim) ; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica ; Universidad de Buenos Aires; . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: GĂłmez, Sonia Alejandra. DirecciĂłn Nacional de Institutos de InvestigaciĂłn. AdministraciĂłn Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Ărea de Antimicrobianos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Power, Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa, InmunologĂa y BiotecnologĂa. CĂĄtedra de MicrobiologĂa; Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular (ibavim) ; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica ; Universidad de Buenos Aires
Xenobiotic metabolism: the effect of acute kidney injury on non-renal drug clearance and hepatic drug metabolism.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of critical illness, and evidence is emerging that suggests AKI disrupts the function of other organs. It is a recognized phenomenon that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have reduced hepatic metabolism of drugs, via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme group, and drug dosing guidelines in AKI are often extrapolated from data obtained from patients with CKD. This approach, however, is flawed because several confounding factors exist in AKI. The data from animal studies investigating the effects of AKI on CYP activity are conflicting, although the results of the majority do suggest that AKI impairs hepatic CYP activity. More recently, human study data have also demonstrated decreased CYP activity associated with AKI, in particular the CYP3A subtypes. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that patients expressing the functional allele variant CYP3A5*1 may be protected from the deleterious effects of AKI when compared with patients homozygous for the variant CYP3A5*3, which codes for a non-functional protein. In conclusion, there is a need to individualize drug prescribing, particularly for the more sick and vulnerable patients, but this needs to be explored in greater depth
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