Kinder zeichnen zu Textaufgaben – Vorstellung eines Instruments zur Analyse graphischer Darstellungen

Darstellungen sind in der Mathematik und im Mathematikunterricht wesentlich für Erkenntnisprozesse (vgl. Dörfler 2006, Bruner 1966). Im Beitrag werden Darstellungen als Inskriptionen verstanden, d. h. als „signs, that are materially embodied in some medium” (Roth & McGinn 1998, 37). Auch ikonische Darstellungen (Peirce 1986, 205ff) sind in der Mathematik von Bedeutung. Im Sachrechnen spielen sie u. a. als graphische Bearbeitungshilfen eine Rolle, die die Lernenden bei der Mathematisierung der Sachaufgaben unterstützen sollen (vgl. Franke & Ruwisch 2010, 103ff). Hasemann (2006) hebt hervor, dass hierbei die Darstellung der mathematischen Beziehungen einer Aufgabe wesentlich sei, realistische Darstellungen trügen zur Problemlösung wenig bei. Kindern bereite die Strukturabbildung jedoch oft Schwierigkeiten (s. a. Franke & Ruwisch 2010, 103). Im Projekt wurden Schülerinnen und Schüler der Primarstufe aufgefordert, zu Textaufgaben zu zeichnen. Dabei ist zum einen von Interesse, inwieweit die den Textaufgaben inhärenten mathematischen Strukturen in graphischen Eigenproduktionen der Kinder wiedererkennbar sind, d. h. ob mathematische Strukturen abgebildet werden und welche Passung zwischen ihnen und den Strukturen der Textaufgabe besteht. Zum anderen wird der Abstraktionsgrad der Kinderzeichnungen untersucht. Auf Basis von rund 400 Schülerdokumenten wurde in einem iterativen Prozess zwischen Theorieausschärfung und Analyse mit den Verfahren des theoretischen Kodierens (Strauss & Corbin 1996) und der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse (Mayring 2010) ein Instrument forschungsbasiert entwickelt, das es ermöglicht, graphische Eigenproduktionen bezüglich der Strukturabbildung, der mathematischen Passung und des Abstraktionsgrads zu analysieren. Im Folgenden wird die theoretische Rahmung sowie die Operationalisierung des Analyseinstruments vorgestellt

Effectiveness of protective patient equipment for CT: an anthropomorphic phantom study

Protective patient equipment for CT examinations is not routinely provided. The aim of this study was to determine whether, and if so what, specific protective equipment is beneficial during CT scans. The absorbed organ doses and the effective doses for thorax, abdomen/pelvis and brain CT investigation with and without the use of protective patient equipment have been determined and compared. All measurements were carried out on modern multislice CT scanner using an anthropomorphic phantom and thermoluminescence dosemeters. The measurements show that protective equipment reduces the dose within the scattered beam area. The highest organ dose reduction was found in organs that protrude from the trunk like the testes or the female breasts that can largely be covered by the protective equipment. The most reduction of the effective dose was found in the male abdomen/pelvis examination (0.32 mSv), followed by the brain (0.11 mSv) and the thorax (0.06 mSv). It is concluded that the use of protective equipment can reduce the applied dose to the patien

Arbeitskreis: Semiotik, Zeichen und Sprache in der Mathematikdidaktik

Herbsttagung in der Abtei der Benediktinerinnen Frauenwörth im Chiemse

Willingness to disclose STI status to sex partners among college-age men in the United States

Disclosure of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to sexual partners is critical to the prevention, treatment and control of STIs. We examine intra- and inter-personal influences on willingness to disclose STI status among college-age males. Participants (n = 1064) were aged 17-24 years and recruited from a variety of university and community venues. Using independent samples t-test, Pearson chi-squares test, and binary logistic regression, we examined the relationship between willingness to disclose a STI and intra- and inter-personal factors, including age, masculinity values, interpersonal violence, partner cell phone monitoring, alcohol and/or drug use, condom use, number and characteristics of sex partners, and previous STI. Results reveal that among college-age males, type of sex partner and masculinity values are significant variables in predicting whether or not an individual is willing to disclose. These data can inform STI control programs to more effectively address the complex issues associated with STI disclosure to sex partners

Planning nature-based solutions: Principles, steps, and insights

Nature-based solutions (NBS) find increasing attention as actions to address societal challenges through harnessing ecological processes, yet knowledge gaps exist regarding approaches to landscape planning with NBS. This paper aims to provide suggestions of how planning NBS can be conceptualized and applied in practice. We develop a framework for planning NBS by merging insights from literature and a case study in the Lahn river landscape, Germany. Our framework relates to three key criteria that define NBS, and consists of six steps of planning: Co-define setting, Understand challenges, Create visions and scenarios, Assess potential impacts, Develop solution strategies, and Realize and monitor. Its implementation is guided by five principles, namely Place-specificity, Evidence base, Integration, Equity, and Transdisciplinarity. Drawing on the empirical insights from the case study, we suggest suitable methods and a checklist of supportive procedures for applying the framework in practice. Taken together, our framework can facilitate planning NBS and provides further steps towards mainstreaming. © 2020, The Author(s)

Securing Blue Wealth: The Need for a Special Sustainable Development Goal for the Ocean and Coasts

The ocean regulates the global climate, provides humans with natural resources such as food, materials, important substances, and energy, and is essential for international trade and recreational and cultural activities. Together with human development and economic growth, free access to, and availability of, ocean resources and services have exerted strong pressure on marine systems, ranging from overfishing, increasing resource extraction, and alteration of coastal zones to various types of thoughtless pollution. Both economic theory and many case studies suggest that there is no “tragedy of the commons” but a “tragedy of open access”. With high likeliness, structures of open access are non-sustainable. International cooperation and effective governance are required to protect the marine environment and promote the sustainable use of marine resources in such a way that due account can be taken of the environmental values of current generations and the needs of future generations. For this purpose, developing and agreeing on one Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) specifically for the Ocean and Coasts could prove to be an essential element. The new SDGs will build upon the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and replace them by 2015. Ensuring environmental sustainability in a general sense is one of the eight MDGs but the ocean is not explicitly addressed. Furthermore, the creation of a comprehensive underlying set of ocean sustainability targets and effective indicators developed within a global Future Ocean Spatial Planning (FOSP) process would help in assessing the current status of marine systems, diagnosing ongoing trends, and providing information for inclusive, forward-looking, and sustainable ocean governanc

New Governance for Rural America: Creating Intergovernmental Partnerships

Throughout the 1990s public demand for a fundamental shift in the relationship between government and its citizens has intensified. In response, a new governance model has emerged, emphasizing decreased federal control in favor of intergovernmental collaboration and increased involvement of state, local, and private agencies. As the authors of this volume show, one of the best examples of new governance can be found in the National and State Rural Development Councils (NRDC and SRDC), created in 1990 as the result of President Bush\u27s Rural Development Initiative and now called the Rural Development Partnership. This effort was part of a move within policymaking circles to redefine a rural America that was no longer synonymous with family farming and that required innovative new solutions for economic revival. By 1994 twenty-nine states had created and ten other states were in the process of forming such councils. In this first detailed analysis of the NRDC and SRDCs, the authors examine the successes and failures of the original eight councils in Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, and Washington; as well as eight other councils subsequently created in Iowa, New Mexico, North Carolina, Vermont, New York, North Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. Combining empirical analysis with current theories about networks and inter-organizational relations, this volume should appeal to academics and practitioners interested in rural development policy, public administration, public policy and management, and intergovernmental relations. Description Beryl A. Radin is professor of Public Administration and Policy in the Graduate School of Public Affairs at Rockefeller College of the State University of New York at Albany. This Kansas Open Books title is funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program.https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/kansas_open_books/1051/thumbnail.jp