Alterações cardíacas em indivíduos com Síndrome de Down: uma revisão de literatura

A Síndrome de Down (SD) é uma condição genética resultante de um cromossomo extra no par 21, levando a características físicas e cognitivas distintas. Este estudo é uma revisão da literatura sobre as manifestações cardíacas em pessoas com SD. Realizamos uma revisão de literatura usando o Google AcadêmicoⓇ e PubMed de 2017 a 2022, com foco em textos em português e inglês, online e completos. Utilizamos descritores em saúde (DeCS) como "Síndrome de Down", "Cardiopatia Congênita" e "Septo Atrioventricular". A SD pode se manifestar de três maneiras, sendo a trissomia do cromossomo 21 a mais comum. Cerca de metade das crianças com SD possui cardiopatias congênitas, relacionadas a altas taxas de mortalidade na infância. Essas anomalias podem ser corrigidas espontaneamente ou por cirurgia, mas continuam sendo uma causa importante de mortalidade neonatal. O defeito do septo atrioventricular é a anomalia cardíaca mais prevalente na SD. Compreender as cardiopatias em indivíduos com SD é crucial, uma vez que cerca de metade deles apresenta essa condição, sendo o defeito do septo atrioventricular o mais comum. Essa associação está ligada a fatores genéticos e exige diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado, considerando as anomalias cardíacas congênitas

Efetividade das intervenções individual e em grupo junto a pessoas com diabetes tipo 2 1

OBJETIVO: comparar a efetividade de duas intervenções educativas, utilizadas por uma operadora de saúde, no acompanhamento ao indivíduo com diabetes mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2), quanto ao conhecimento sobre a doença, impacto na qualidade de vida e adoção de ações de autocuidado. MÉTODOS: estudo comparativo, longitudinal, prospectivo, realizado com 150 indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2, analisados conforme a modalidade de participação no programa (individual e/ou em grupo). Os participantes da intervenção individual (II) realizaram consultas de enfermagem a cada seis meses e os da intervenção em grupo (IG), reuniões semanais por três meses. Os dados foram coletados mediante quatro questionários: Questionário de identificação, Questionário de Impacto na Qualidade de Vida em Diabetes (PAID), Questionário de Autocuidado em Diabetes (QAD) e Questionário de Conhecimento do Diabetes (DKN-A). Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o Teste de Friedman e o Teste de Mann Whitney, considerando significância estatística para p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS: verificou-se aumento do conhecimento sobre a doença na II (pOBJECTIVE: to compare the effectiveness of two educational interventions used by a healthcare provider in the monitoring of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), regarding knowledge of the disease, impact on quality of life and adoption of self-care actions. METHODS: comparative, longitudinal, prospective study performed with 150 subjects with type 2 diabetes, analyzed according to the type of participation in the program (individual and/or group). Participants of the individual intervention (II) received nursing consultations every six months and those of the group intervention (GI) took part in weekly meetings for three months. Data were collected through four questionnaires: Identification questionnaire, Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire (PAID), Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire (SDSCA) and the Diabetes Knowledge Scale (DKN-A). Data were analyzed using the Friedman and Mann Whitney tests, considering a statistical significance of p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: there was an increase in knowledge about the disease in the II (pOBJETIVO: comparar la efectividad de dos intervenciones educativas, utilizadas por una operadora de planes de salud, en el acompañamiento al individuo con diabetes mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2), sobre al conocimiento de la enfermedad, impacto en la calidad de vida y adopción de acciones de autocuidado. MÉTODOS: estudio comparativo, longitudinal, prospectivo, realizado con 150 individuos con diabetes tipo 2, analizados conforme la modalidad de participación en el programa (individual y/o en grupo). Los participantes de la intervención individual (II) realizaron consultas de enfermería a cada seis meses y los de intervención en grupo (IG), reuniones semanales por tres meses. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante cuatro cuestionarios: Cuestionario de identificación, Cuestionario de Impacto en la Calidad de Vida en Diabetes (PAID), Cuestionario de Autocuidado en Diabetes (CAD) y Cuestionario de Conocimiento de la Diabetes (DKN-A). Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el test de Friedman y el test de Mann Whitney, considerando significación estadística para p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS: se verificó aumento del conocimiento sobre la enfermedad en la II (

Medical compliance and associated factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is a chronic condition that often goes hand in hand with poor treatment compliance. Objective: this study assessed the prevalence of drug treatment compliance and associated factors in people with DM2 assisted by the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Methods: this is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the urban FHS of a medium-sized municipality in Minas Gerais, with a random sample of 190 participants. Two validated instruments were used: the Treatment Adherence Measure (TAM), which assesses the daily use of prescribed medications, and the Batalla test, which assesses adherence through knowledge of DM2. The socioeconomic and clinical profile was collected by a questionnaire prepared by the authors. Main results: adherence assessed by TAM (84.2%) contrasted with that estimated by the Batalla test (44.2%). Higher TAM values were significantly associated with polypharmacy (OR=2.7; 95% CI=1.2-6.1). Better adherence by Batalla test was associated with age below 60 years (OR=3.7; 95% CI=1.9-7.1), presence of partner (OR=2.2; 95% CI=1.1-4.1), association of oral antidiabetic to insulin (OR=2.2; 95% CI=1.2-4.0) and compliance with the goal of physical activity (OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.2-5.6). Conclusion: the rates of adherence to the daily use of medicines and knowledge about DM2 verified by the study agree with the literature. Worse results in the elderly and those without a partner show a vulnerable group that should receive special attention from health teams.Introdução: o Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é condição crônica que frequentemente cursa com baixa adesão ao tratamento. Objetivo: o presente estudo avaliou a prevalência de adesão à terapêutica medicamentosa e fatores associados em pessoas com DM2 assistidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Método: trata-se de estudo observacional transversal realizado na ESF da zona urbana de um município de médio porte de Minas Gerais, com amostra randômica de 190 participantes. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos validados: Medida de Adesão ao Tratamento (MAT), que avalia o uso diário de medicamentos prescritos, e teste de Batalla, que avalia adesão através do conhecimento em DM2. O perfil socioeconômico e clínico foi coletado por questionário elaborado pelos autores. Principais resultados: a adesão avaliada pelo MAT (84,2%) se contrapôs àquela estimada pelo teste de Batalla (44,2%). Maiores valores apresentados pelo MAT obtiveram associação significativa com polifarmácia (OR=2,7; IC 95%=1,2-6,1). Melhor adesão pelo teste de Batalla obteve associação com idade abaixo de 60 anos (OR=3,7; IC 95%=1,9-7,1), presença de companheiro (OR=2,2; IC 95%=1,1-4,1), associação de antidiabético oral à insulina (OR=2,2; IC 95%=1,2-4,0) e cumprimento da meta de atividade física (OR=2,6; IC 95%=1,2-5,6). Conclusão: os índices de adesão ao uso diário de medicamentos e conhecimento em DM2 verificados pelo estudo são concordantes com a literatura. Piores resultados presentes na população idosa e sem companheiro evidenciam grupo vulnerável que deve receber especial atenção das equipes de saúde

Effectiveness of individual and group interventions for people with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: to compare the effectiveness of two educational interventions used by a healthcare provider in the monitoring of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), regarding knowledge of the disease, impact on quality of life and adoption of self-care actions. METHODS: comparative, longitudinal, prospective study performed with 150 subjects with type 2 diabetes, analyzed according to the type of participation in the program (individual and/or group). Participants of the individual intervention (II) received nursing consultations every six months and those of the group intervention (GI) took part in weekly meetings for three months. Data were collected through four questionnaires: Identification questionnaire, Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire (PAID), Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire (SDSCA) and the Diabetes Knowledge Scale (DKN-A). Data were analyzed using the Friedman and Mann Whitney tests, considering a statistical significance of p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: there was an increase in knowledge about the disease in the II (p<0.003) and GI (p<0.007), with reduction of the impact on the quality of life in the II (p<0.007) and improvement in self-care actions in the GI (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: in both intervention models improvements were observed in the indicators, over the six month monitoring period

Hygroscopicity and ammonia volatilization losses from nitrogen sources in coated urea

Hygroscopic fertilizers tend to absorb moisture from the air and may have undesirable characteristics such as moistness, clumping and lower fluidity, hampering the application. The increasing use of urea is due to its numerous advantages, although this nitrogen (N) source is highly susceptible to volatilization losses, particularly when applied to the soil surface of management systems with conservation of crop residues. The volatilization losses can be minimized by slow or controlled-release fertilizers, with controlled water solubility of the urea-coating materials; and by stabilized fertilizers, which prolong the period during which N remains in the amide or ammonia forms by urease inhibitors. This study evaluated the hygroscopicity of and ammonia volatilization from urea coated with boric acid and copper sulfate or with sulfur. The hygroscopicity of the sources was evaluated over time after exposure to five levels of relative humidity (RH) and volatilization evaluated after application to the soil surface covered with sugarcane trash. Ammonium nitrate has a low potential for volatilization losses, but is highly hygroscopic. Although coating with boric acid and copper sulfate or elemental sulfur reduced the critical humidity level of urea, the delay in the volatilization process is a potential positive factor

The Sleep Patterns of Children and Adolescents with Chronic Conditions and Their Families: An Integrative Literature Review

Sleep is of vital necessity for health, and it has a restorative and protective function for children and adolescents with chronic conditions and their families. The purpose of this study was to identify the scientific production on sleep patterns in children and adolescents with chronic conditions and their families. This integrative review was conducted between March and June 2022 using the databases of MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The articles included were original papers published between January 2007 and mid-2022. Excluded were review studies that did not evaluate sleep and whose participants did not have chronic conditions or were not children, adolescents and/or their families. The searches returned 814 abstracts. After exclusions, 47 studies were selected to be read in full; of these, 29 were selected and were grouped empirically into four categories: major alterations in the sleep patterns of children and adolescents with chronic conditions; the relationship between sleep disorders and symptoms in children and adolescents with chronic conditions; the impaired sleep patterns of families of children and adolescents with chronic conditions; and sleep alterations and their relationship with other problems in families of children and adolescents with chronic conditions. All studies showed sleep pattern impairment in children and adolescents with chronic conditions as well as their families

Probiotic Propionibacterium freudenreichii requires SlpB protein to mitigate mucositis induced by chemotherapy

Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 (P. freudenreichii wild type, WT) is a probiotic bacterium, which exerts immunomodulatory effects. This strain possesses extractable surface proteins, including SlpB, which are involved in antiinflammatory effect and in adhesion to epithelial cells. We decided to investigate the impact of slpB gene mutation on immunomodulation in vitro and in vivo. In an in vitro assay, P. freudenreichii WT reduced expression of IL-8 (p<0.0001) and TNF-α (p<0.0001) cytokines in LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells. P. freudenreichii ΔslpB, lacking the SlpB protein, failed to do so. Subsequently, both strains were investigated in vivo in a 5-FU-induced mucositis mice model. Mucositis is a common side effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy with 5-FU, characterized by mucosal injury, inflammation, diarrhea, and weight loss. The WT strain prevented weight loss, reduced inflammation and consequently histopathological scores. Furthermore, it regulated key markers, including Claudin-1 (cld1, p<0.0005) and IL-17a (Il17a, p<0.0001) genes, as well as IL-12 (p<0.0001) and IL-1β (p<0.0429) cytokines levels. Mutant strain displayed opposite regulatory effect on cld1 expression and on IL-12 levels. This work emphasizes the importance of SlpB in P. freudenreichii ability to reduce mucositis inflammation. It opens perspectives for the development of probiotic products to decrease side effects of chemotherapy using GRAS bacteria with immunomodulatory surface protein properties