The influence of electromagnetic fields on the precision of glucometers (preliminary study)

WSTĘP. Towarzystwa diabetologiczne wielu krajów zalecają używanie przenośnych urządzeń do kontroli stężenia glukozy we krwi jako niezwykle użytecznych narzędzi samokontroli dla diabetyków. Niezależnie od pewnych kontrowersji, jakie budzą precyzja i dokładność tego typu urządzeń, są one powszechnie wykorzystywane i na podstawie pomiarów, wykonywanych przy ich użyciu, podejmuje się decyzję o modyfikacji dawki insuliny oraz leków przeciwcukrzycowych. MATERIAŁ I METODY. Zbadano wpływ tak zwanych "domowych" pól elektromagnetycznych (komputer, telefon komórkowy, kuchenka mikrofalowa) na możliwość wykonania oraz precyzję pomiaru glukozy za pomocą powszechnie dostępnych glukometrów. WYNIKI. Wszystkie otrzymane wyniki, zarówno dla warunków kontrolnych, jak i eksperymentalnych, mieściły się w zakresie wartości statystycznie prawidłowych. WNIOSKI. Stwierdzono, że pola elektromagnetyczne nie uniemożliwiają wykonania pomiaru stężenia glukozy za pomocą glukometrów. Natomiast wpływ badanych pól elektromagnetycznych na precyzję otrzymanych wyników nie został jednoznacznie potwierdzony. Wydaje się, że pola te w nieznacznym stopniu zawyżają otrzymane wyniki.INTRODUCTION. Diabetological societies of many countries recommend profiting from portable devices to monitoring of the glucose level, as very useful tools to the self-observation of diabetes. Independently from certain controversy regarding the precision of glucometers they are universally used as the base to modification of medicines doses. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The influence of common sources of electromagnetic fields (personal computer, cellular phone, and microwave oven) for measuring precision of three glucometers: Glucotrend (Roche Diagnostics®), One Touch (Lifescan®) and Precision QID (Medisense®), was examined. RESULTS. All tested glucometers did not show the essential differences of the results in basic circumstances (control test) and during when were surrendered to activity of investigated electromagnetic fields. CONCLUSIONS. The influence of investigated electromagnetic fields on the precision of tested glucometers was not confirmed

Safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus oral iron in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD: an analysis of the 1-year FIND-CKD trial.

Background: The evidence base regarding the safety of intravenous (IV) iron therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is incomplete and largely based on small studies of relatively short duration. Methods: FIND-CKD (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00994318) was a 1-year, open-label, multicenter, prospective study of patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD, anemia and iron deficiency randomized (1:1:2) to IV ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), targeting higher (400-600 µg/L) or lower (100-200 µg/L) ferritin, or oral iron. A post hoc analysis of adverse event rates per 100 patient-years was performed to assess the safety of FCM versus oral iron over an extended period. Results: The safety population included 616 patients. The incidence of one or more adverse events was 91.0, 100.0 and 105.0 per 100 patient-years in the high ferritin FCM, low ferritin FCM and oral iron groups, respectively. The incidence of adverse events with a suspected relation to study drug was 15.9, 17.8 and 36.7 per 100 patient-years in the three groups; for serious adverse events, the incidence was 28.2, 27.9 and 24.3 per 100 patient-years. The incidence of cardiac disorders and infections was similar between groups. At least one ferritin level ≥800 µg/L occurred in 26.6% of high ferritin FCM patients, with no associated increase in adverse events. No patient with ferritin ≥800 µg/L discontinued the study drug due to adverse events. Estimated glomerular filtration rate remained the stable in all groups. Conclusions: These results further support the conclusion that correction of iron deficiency anemia with IV FCM is safe in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD

Kidney disease in the elderly: biopsy based data from 14 renal centers in Poland

BACKGROUND: Longer life expectancy is associated with an increasing prevalence of kidney disease. Aging itself may cause renal damage, but the spectrum of kidney disorders that affect elderly patients is diverse. Few studies, mostly form US, Asia and West Europe found differences in the prevalence of some types of kidney diseases between elderly and younger patients based on renal biopsy findings, with varied proportion between glomerulopathies and arterionephrosclerosis as a dominant injury found. Here, for the first time in Eastern Europe we analyzed native kidney biopsy findings and their relationship to clinical characteristics at the time of biopsy in elderly individuals (aged ≥65) in comparison to younger adults (aged 18–64). METHODS: Biopsy and clinical data from 352 patients aged ≥65 were retrospectively identified, analyzed and compared with a control group of 2214 individuals aged 18–64. All kidney biopsies studied were examined at Medical University of Warsaw in years 2009–14. RESULTS: In elderly patients the leading indication for biopsy was nephrotic range proteinuria without hematuria (34.2%) and the most prevalent pathologic diagnoses were: membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) (18.2%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (17.3%) amyloidosis (13.9%) and pauci immune glomerulonephritis (12.8%). Hypertension and age-related lesions very rarely were found an exclusive or dominant finding in a kidney biopsy (1.7%) and a cause of proteinuria (1.1%) in elderly individuals. There were 18.2% diabetics among elderly individuals, and as much as 75% of them had no morphologic signs of diabetic kidney disease in the renal biopsy. Amyloidosis, MGN, pauci immune GN, crescentic GN and light and/or heavy chain deposition disease (LCDD/HCDD) were more frequent whereas IgA nephropathy (IgAN), lupus nephritis (LN) and thin basement membrane disease (TBMD) were less common among elderly than in younger patients. CONCLUSIONS: Proteinuria, a dominating manifestation in elderly patients subjected to kidney biopsy was most commonly related to glomerulopathies. The relatively high prevalence of potentially curative kidney diseases in elderly individuals implicates the importance of renal biopsy in these patients. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-016-0410-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Studies of HEDP labelled with 188Re from different generators of 188W / 188Re.

O interesse pelo 188Re para aplicações terapêuticas na medicina nuclear é devido à meia-vida de 16,9 horas, emissão de partículas βֿ com energia máxima de 2,12 MeV e raios-γ de 155 keV adequados para a aquisição de imagens. O estudo apresenta a radiomarcação do HEDP (etidronato) com o 188Re eluído de geradores de 188W/188Re a base de Al2O3 e tipo-gel 188WZr. A dependência do rendimento do 188Re-HEDP na concentração do agente redutor, pH, tempo de reação, temperatura e adição de carregador Re2O7 foram avaliados. A partir das condições ótimas de marcação os rendimentos do 188Re-HEDP foram ≥ 98% tanto para os kits líquidos como liofilizados. A formulação padrão que representou esses resultados contém: 30 mg de HEDP, 7 mg de SnCl2, 3 mg de ácido ascórbico e adição de 20 μg de Re2O7. As reações foram conduzidas sob aquecimento de 100 °C por 30 minutos, seguidos de 60 minutos de incubação. Outro aspecto importante do trabalho foi o controle de qualidade radioquímico, comparando os resultados de CP, CCD e cromatografia iônica, além dos experimentos com a CLAE. A distribuição biológica realizada comprovou a captação pelo esqueleto e a estabilidade in vivo dos complexos de 188Re-HEDP.The widespread interest in 188Re for therapeutic applications, is due to its attractive 16,9 hours half-life, emission of a βֿ particle with maximum energy of 2.12 MeV and gama-ray of 155 keV suitable for imaging. This work presents the radiollabeling of HEDP (etidronate) with 188Re eluted from alumina-based 188W/188Re generators and tungstate-based 188W/188Re gel generators. Dependence of the yield of the 188Re-HEDP on the concentration of the reduction agent, pH, reaction time, temperature and addition of carrier Re2O7 were evaluated. The radiollabeling of 188Re-HEDP procedure using the optimum conditions resulted a yield ≥ 98% for liquid and lyophilized kits. This basic formulation contains: 30 mg de HEDP, 7 mg de SnCl2, 3 mg de ascorbic acid and addition of 20 μg of Re2O7. The reactions were carried out with heating in boiling water for 30 minutes followed by 60 minutes of incubation. Another important aspect of this work was the radiochemical quality control compairing the results of PC, TLC and ion chromatography, along with the experiments with HPLC. The biological distribution proved the adequate bone uptake and in vivo stability of 188Re-HEDP complexes

Tc-99m direct radiolabeling of monoclonal antibody ior egf/r3: quality control and image studies in mice

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) have been useful for immunoscintigraphic applications in clinical diagnosis since they were introduced in the practice of nuclear medicine. The ior egf/r3 (Centis, Cuba) is a murine monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and has been widely used in the radioimmunodiagnosis of tumors of epithelial origin. Labeled with 99mTc, its main application in Nuclear Medicine is the follow up, detection and evaluation of tumor recurrences. The objective of this work is to describe the preparation of a lyophilized formulation (kit) for radiolabeling the Mab ior egf/r3 with 99mTc for immunoscintigraphic applications. Radiolabeling efficiency, effects on immunoreactivity, image studies and stability of the formulation are reported. The study demonstrated that the kit formulation can be labeled with 99mTc at high yields and can be used to visualize in vivo human tumors of epithelial origin by immunoscintigraphy studies