The Case for Repealing the Congressional Review Act

The Congressional Review Act (CRA) is often cited as a once-obscure law, but during the first four-and-a-half months of the 115th Congress, it was used to rescind fourteen administrative rules. Under the CRA, agencies are required to submit rules to Congress for review and, upon receipt, Congress has sixty legislative days to issue a joint resolution disapproving the rule. If the resolution is signed by the President, the rule is overturned. The lookback period is extended at the end of a legislative session. Trump’s Office of Management and Budget expanded the CRA by interpreting it to apply to any agency guidance that had been approved since the law’s inception in 1996 if that guidance had not been reviewed by Congress. Repealing the CRA would address several problems created by the law including its impact on rulemaking efficiency, waste of federal resources created by revoking rules that were years in the making, and regulatory uncertainty. Most importantly, it would take away a quick and dirty means to strip American citizens of the environmental, health and safety, consumer, and workplace protections administrative rules are generally designed to provide. Finally, it would avoid the possibility that vetoed rules may not be replaced due to the CRA’s prohibition on substantially similar rules. The Sunset the CRA and Restore American Protections (SCRAP) Act was introduced in 2017 and could be re-introduced by the 117th Congress. The SCRAP Act is found to be a sound policy option with no fiscal burden, but it has the potential to create political friction both with Republicans who are committed to “Congressional oversight of the Administrative State” and Democrats who are eager to use the CRA to unwind Trump-era rules. Democrats can use the CRA through the end of May 2021 and some resolutions have already been introduced. Democrats have other options to get rid of problematic rules from a prior administration. Ultimately, this analysis recommends the administration pursue a new SCRAP Act

Diario de Burgos : de avisos y noticias: Número 31187 - 1992 enero 4

Copia digital. España : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

Transforming Educational Societies through Interactive Videoconferencing

This article will examine how Project VIEW is building a new foundation for communication structures in education by transforming classroom pedagogy through interactive technologies. In addition it will present the outcomes of a model of evaluation that is providing formative and summative information on the process of integrating new communications systems into education, as well as information on the direct outcomes and systemic organizational changes that have occurred as a result of that process. In sum, this article presents research-based evidence for technological integration in curriculum that includes structures that work and outcomes that count

Immunohistochemical characterization of the basement membranes of the human oral mucosa.

Type IV and V collagens, laminin and heparan sulphate proteoglycan were localized in vascular and subepithelial basement membranes. Fibronectin was distributed in a reticular pattern throughout the lamina propria under the oral epithelium. The uniform distribution of basement membrane components and type V collagen in different regions suggests a similar molecular composition for the basement membranes under functionally-different oral epithelia. The more intense reaction in the vascular than in the subepithelial basement membranes, with diluted antibodies to type IV collagen and laminin apparently reflects chemical differences in these basement membranes. Occasional discontinuities in the subepithelial basement membranes were seen in inflamed gingival sulci and in tonsillar crypts. The destruction responsible affected all basement membrane components, except fibronectin, which maintained a reticular distribution even in the deep tonsillar tissue. The immunohistochemical method is useful in demonstrating different degrees of destruction in basement membranes associated with inflammation

Measuring and Managing Corporate Performance in an Era of Expanded Disclosure A Review of the Emerging Domain of Ecosystem Services Tools

This report was written by Sissel Waage and Corinna Kester, with input from Kit Armstrong. The detailed tool-tracking tables were developed by Corinna Kester, with input from Sissel Waage. We are grateful for support, guidance, and input from the corporate members of BSR’s Ecosystem Services Working Group, including (in no particular order)