The Protective Role of Folic Acid and Vitamin E Against Toxical Effects of Valproic Acid on Liver Tissue During Period of Gestation

Valproic acid is an anticonvulsan drug used in epilepsy. Thehistopathological changes of valproic acid on liver and the protective effectof vitamin E and also folic acid were observed. 24 adult female Wistar Albinorats were used. The first control, the second valproic acid group that wasgiven 300 mg/kg on 8.9. and 10. days of gestation, the third valproic acid+vitamin E group. Vitamin E was given 250mg/kg via nasogastric intubationbefore one hour administration of valproic acid on 8.9.10.days of gestation.The fourth valproic acid+ folic acid group; via valproic acid, folic acid wasgiven 400 microgram ordinarily in drinking water per day. In the liversections of valproic acid group, perivenullar dilatation, swelling of Kuppfercells, microvesicular steatosis and degeneration were observed. In the secondgroup there was moderate degeneration in hepatocytes,necrotic areas insome places, mononuclear cell infiltration. In valproic acid +vitamin E groupnormal-like appearance of the structure of Remark cell lines were observed.Under these source of results, we viewed antioxidants decreased thehepatotoxicity on liver tissue by using folic acid and vitamin E

Technological transformation of the perception of death

Ankara : The Department of Communication and Design, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, 2013.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2013.Includes bibliographical references leaves 87-88.The historical attitudes toward death are compared with the philosophical tradition of death contemplation to suggest points of divergence and similarities on the notion of the death of the body. Technological transformations of the attitudes toward body that are established through new modes of perception are often confined into the narrow understanding of Cartesian philosophy. Merleau-Ponty’s notion of flesh overcomes the dualistic consequences of the representational theory of perception thus offering a unified understanding to the elementary relation of bodies to their world. Death must be understood in this bodily sense of Being on which the technological makeup of the daily life plays a crucial and transformative role. The changes in the tradition of Vanitas and the technological penetration of body in Cronenberg’s cinema are prime expressions of bodily death. Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology and textual and visual expressions of encounters with technology and nature are used in order to propose a transformative project to re-establish a primal relation with the intertwinings of death and life.Akkuş, Murat BaranM.S

Simulation and experimental verification of the thermal behaviour of self-written waveguides

In this work, we investigated the optical response of a self-written waveguide (SWW) in detail by heating the structure from room temperature up to 60 °C. Previous results indicated a decrease in the optical transmission with increasing temperature for certain waveguide parameters. Based on new experimental measurements, we have identified material parameters resulting in opposite behaviour. An experimental setup was conceived to verify these results. Hereby, we were able to show that we can adjust material parameters such as refractive index and the corresponding density of the material by adapting the curing time applied during the fabrication of the waveguides. This, in turn, affects the material’s response during the heating process. We showed that a limitation of the external curing time changes the internal conditions of the SWW and the cladding in a manner that the numerical aperture increases with the temperature, which subsequently also results in an increase in the optical transmission. In this study, we explain this unexpected behavior of the SWW and point towards possible future applications. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Combined thermomechanical and optical simulations of planar-optical polymer waveguides

In this work, we describe a theoretical approach for combined thermal, mechanical and optical simulation and analysis of planar polymer waveguides. We consider a finite element approach for thermal and stress/deformation simulation. Also, a Crank-Nicholson finite difference beam propagation method (CN-BPM) is implemented to perform the optical simulation. The results of the finite element (thermo-mechanical) analysis are coupled with the CN-BPM results to carry out the optical simulation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) waveguides as function of temperature. For thermal simulation, a model was designed where a polysilicon microheater was added to the upper cladding of the PMMA waveguides to vary the temperature between 20 °C and 200 °C. Thus, the impact of the induced temperature gradients on the refractive index modulation of the PMMA waveguides and the corresponding change in numerical aperture are obtained. In addition, the temperature gradients influence the beam intensity profiles and the movement of the primary eyes within the optical waveguides, thus, impacting the optical properties. Furthermore, the thermally induced mechanical stress and deformation were calculated for transverse and axial directions. In the next step, validation of the model by systematic experimental studies will be performed. In general, our approach provides a toolbox for more comprehensive multi-physics theoretical analysis of polymer-optical waveguides which, in future, can be extended to more complex and functional structures as required for flexible sensor networks, as example

Postoperative pain intensity after using different instrumentation techniques: a randomized clinical study

Postoperative pain is a frequent complication associated with root canal treatment, especially during apical instrumentation of tooth with preexisting periradicular inflammation Objectives The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the influence of the instrumentation techniques on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain in single-visit root canal treatment. Material and Methods Ninety patients with single root/canal and non-vital pulps were included. The patients were assigned into 3 groups according to root canal instrumentation technique used; modified step-back, reciprocal, and rotational techniques. Root canal treatment was carried out in a single visit and the severity of postoperative pain was assessed via 4-point pain intensity scale. All the participants were called through the phone at 12, 24 and 48 h to obtain the pain scores. Data were analyzed through the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results There was significant difference between all groups (

Characterisation of chitin in the cuticle of a velvet worm (Onychophora)

*Kaya, Murat ( Aksaray, Yazar ) *Baran, Talat ( Aksaray, Yazar )We characterize the trunk cuticle of velvet worms of the Peripatoides novaezealandiae-group (Onychophora) using SEM, TEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM and SEM revealed a relatively uniform organization of the delicate cuticle that is covered by numerous bristled and nonbristled papillae with ribbed scales arranged in transverse rows. The cuticle consists of a very thin multilayered epicuticle of varying appearance followed by the largely fibrous procuticle. The irregularly arranged nanofibres of isolated cuticular chitin seen by SEM are considered as bundles of chitin fibres. FT-IR and TGA showed that the chitin is of the α-type. This confirms and broadens the single previous study in which the presence of α-chitin in a velvet worm was demonstrated with a single analysis (X-ray diffraction)...

2-[2-(1H-Imidazol-3-ium-5-yl)eth­yl]-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-2H-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-4-ium bis­(perchlorate)

In the title mol­ecular salt, C17H17N5 +·2ClO4 −, the dihedral angles between the fused-ring system and the pendant five- and six-membered heterocyclic rings are 6.4 (2) and 41.29 (19)°, respectively. The O atoms of both perchlorate anions are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancy ratios of 0.614 (8):0.386 (8) and 0.591 (7):0.409 (7). An intra­molecular C—H⋯N contact occurs in the cation. In the crystal, the components are linked by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid separation = 3.642 (3) Å]