CHARGE TRANSFER SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TWO ANTIHISTAMINIC DRUGS IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

Objective: Simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of two antihistaminic drugs (desloratadine (DES) and ebastine (EBS)) in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. Methods: The proposed methods were based on the charge transfer complexation reaction of both drugs as ‘n' electron donor with chloranilic acid (p-CLA) or 2, 3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) as π acceptors to give highly coloured complex species. The coloured products were quantitated spectrophotometrically at 459 and 460 nm using DDQ and at 532 and 533 nm using p-CLA for DES and EBS, respectively. Optimization of the different experimental conditions were studied. Results: Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 5.0-120 and 10-180 mg mL-1 with good correlation coefficients were ≥ 0.9995 and 0.9992 and a relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of ≤ 0.98 and 1.24% using DDQ and p-CLA methods, respectively. The molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were also calculated. The developed methods were successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy and precision and without interferences from common additives by applying the standard addition technique. Conclusion: The developed methods have been validated statistically for their accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity, robustness and ruggedness as per ICH guidelines and the results compared favorably with those obtained using the reported methods

Roles of estrogen receptor-alpha in mediating life span: the hypothalamic deregulation hypothesis.

In several species caloric restriction (CR) extends life span. In this paper we integrate data from studies on CR and other sources to articulate the hypothalamic deregulation hypothesis by which estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) signaling in the hypothalamus and limbic system affects life span under the stress of CR in mammals. ER-α is one of two principal estrogen-binding receptors differentially expressed in the amygdala, hippocampus, and several key hypothalamic nuclei: the arcuate nucleus (ARN), preoptic area (POA), ventromedial nucleus (VMN), antero ventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus (SON), and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Estradiol signaling via ER-α is essential in basal level functioning of reproductive cycle, sexually receptive behaviors, physiological stress responses, as well as sleep cycle, and other nonsexual behaviors. When an organism is placed under long-term CR, which introduces an external stress to this ER-α signaling, the reduction of ER-α expression is attenuated over time in the hypothalamus. This review paper seeks to characterize the downstream effects of ER-α in the hypothalamus and limbic system that affect normal endocrine functioning

Criterion for polynomial solutions to a class of linear differential equation of second order

We consider the differential equations y''=\lambda_0(x)y'+s_0(x)y, where \lambda_0(x), s_0(x) are C^{\infty}-functions. We prove (i) if the differential equation, has a polynomial solution of degree n >0, then \delta_n=\lambda_n s_{n-1}-\lambda_{n-1}s_n=0, where \lambda_{n}= \lambda_{n-1}^\prime+s_{n-1}+\lambda_0\lambda_{n-1}\hbox{and}\quad s_{n}=s_{n-1}^\prime+s_0\lambda_{k-1},\quad n=1,2,.... Conversely (ii) if \lambda_n\lambda_{n-1}\ne 0 and \delta_n=0, then the differential equation has a polynomial solution of degree at most n. We show that the classical differential equations of Laguerre, Hermite, Legendre, Jacobi, Chebyshev (first and second kind), Gegenbauer, and the Hypergeometric type, etc, obey this criterion. Further, we find the polynomial solutions for the generalized Hermite, Laguerre, Legendre and Chebyshev differential equations.Comment: 12 page

Exact solutions for vibrational levels of the Morse potential via the asymptotic iteration method

Exact solutions for vibrational levels of diatomic molecules via the Morse potential are obtained by means of the asymptotic iteration method. It is shown that, the numerical results for the energy eigenvalues of $^{7}Li_{2}$ are all in excellent agreement with the ones obtained before. Without any loss of generality, other states and molecules could be treated in a similar way

Polymorphisme de l’apolipoprotéine E dans la population du nord du Maroc: fréquence et influence sur les paramètres lipidiques

Introduction: L'objectif de ce travail est de déterminer les fréquences alléliques et génotypiques des sites polymorphes situés dans le gène de l'apolipoprotéine E (apo E) ainsi que leur impact sur les paramètres cliniques et lipidiques dans un échantillon de la population du nord du Maroc cliniquement diagnostiqué ADH. Méthodes: Le génotype de l'apo E a été analysé par séquençage direct chez 46 patients cliniquement diagnostiqués ADH selon les critères standards. Résultats: Les fréquences des allèles epsilon 3, epsilon 2 et epsilon 4 ont été respectivement 78.3%, 2.2% et 19.6%. La fréquence de l'allèle epsilon 4 est très élevée chez la population du nord du Maroc en comparaison avec les populations des autres régions marocaines. Elle est similaire à celle rapportée dans les pays de l'Europe du nord. Les taux du cholestérol total, du cholestérol LDL ainsi que la présence des xanthomes et les maladies cardiovasculaires ne différent pas entre les génotypes de l'apoE. En revanche, les résultats ont montré une influence de l'allèle epsilon4 sur le taux des triglycérides chez les sujets obèses. Conclusion: Le génotype de l'apoE ne peut expliquer le phénotype clinique et biochimique présenté par des patients du Nord du Maroc cliniquement diagnostiqués ADH.Key words: Paramètres lipidiques, Maladies cardiovasculaires, Polymorphisme génétique, Gène APO

Robotic Tubal Anastomosis: Technical Aspects

The authors conclude that robotic technology can facilitate the performance of robotic tubal anastomosis

Any ll-state solutions of the Hulth\'en potential by the asymptotic iteration method

In this article, we present the analytical solution of the radial Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the Hulth\'{e}n potential within the framework of the asymptotic iteration method by using an approximation to the centrifugal potential for any $l$ states. We obtain the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions for different screening parameters. The wave functions are physical and energy eigenvalues are in good agreement with the results obtained by other methods for different $\delta$ values. In order to demonstrate this, the results of the asymptotic iteration method are compared with the results of the supersymmetry, the numerical integration, the variational and the shifted 1/N expansion methods.Comment: 14 pages and 1 figur

On the dilaton and the axion potentials

We extend the Vecchia-Veneziano-Witten (VVW) model of QCD in the chiral limit and for large colour number $N_c$, by introducing an effective dilaton-gluon coupling from which we derive both the axion and dilaton potentials. Furthermore, using a string inspired model, we determine a new interquark potential as a perturbative series in terms of the interquark distance $r$. Our potential goes beyond Dick one obtained in [8] and shares the same features as the Bian-Huang-Shen potential $V_{BHS}$ which depends only on odd powers of $r$ [22].Comment: 15 pages, Late

Propriétés adsorbantes des billes de lignine: application au traitement des eaux usées

This study investigated the adsorption of the heavy metal ions Cd (II) on a lignin isolated from sugar cane bagasse, by alkali treatment. This lignin is converted to beads using another polymer of marine origin, to test its ability to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Factors influencing Cd adsorption such as initial Cd ion concentration (5-50mg/l), pH (1-8), contact times (15min-4h) were investigated. The adsorption process was relatively fast and equilibrium was established about 2h. Maximum adsorption of cadmium ions occurred at around pH 5. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted best with the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms, and showed that the adsorption was physical in natureCette étude a eu pour but d’examiner l'adsorption des ions de métaux lourds Cd (II) sur une lignine isolé à partir de la bagasse de canne à sucre, après un traitement alcalin. Cette lignine est convertie en des perles en utilisant un autre polymère d'origine marine, pour tester son aptitude à éliminer les métaux lourds des eaux usées. Les facteurs influant sur l’adsorption du Cd tels que la concentration d'ions de Cd initiale (5-50mg / L), le pH (1-8), les temps de contact (15min-4h) ont été étudiés. Le processus d'adsorption est relativement rapide et l'équilibre a été établi après environ 2h. L’adsorption maximale des ions de cadmium est obtenue à un pH d'environ 5. Les équilibre d'adsorption suivent les isothermes de Freundlich et Dubinin-Radushkevich, et ont montré que l'adsorption était de nature physique

Inhibitive Effect of Urea and Urea Derivatives on the Corrosion of Silver in Acetic Acid Solutions

The corrosion of silver in acetic acid was studied using potentiodynamic polarization technique in absence and presence of different concentrations of urea, thiourea and N-allylthiourea. The inhibition efficiency was found to depend on both the inhibitor type and concentration. The inhibitive action of these compounds is based on the formation of salt complex and/or the adsorption of the protonated species on the metal surface according to Temkin's isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters Kads and ΔG°ads for the adsorption process are calculated and discussed