Острый холецистит как первое проявление первичного плоскоклеточного рака желчного пузыря: клинический случай

Background. SCC of the gallbladder is characterized by more rapid and invasive growth with infiltration of the adjacent organs and less spread to the lymph nodes compared to adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. It is a rare neoplasm that accounts for 1.4–12.7 % of gallbladder tumors. SCC of the gallbladder has a poor prognosis. symptoms usually appear later when the disease has progressed and the malignancy has reached advanced stages. therefore, usually, the patients expire soon following the diagnosis. the etiology of the SCC of the gallbladder is complex and is mostly associated with gallstones. Case description. We report a case of a 56-year-old man that had been suffering from colicky abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant for about two weeks before his admission. He did not have nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, fever, lack of appetite, or weight loss. after evaluation, a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was established and antibiotic therapy was initiated. However, he did not respond to medical therapy and underwent surgery. A tumor mass was detected during surgery. therefore, cholecystectomy and extended right hepatectomy were performed. The pathological evaluation of the biopsy specimen revealed squamous cell carcinoma. consequently, he underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy and was followed up for two years. He acquired complete tumor remission. Conclusion. The present case highlights the requirement of considering further investigation on the histogenesis of SCC of the gallbladder.Актуальность. По сравнению с аденокарциномой плоскоклеточный рак желчного пузыря (ПРЖП) характеризуется более быстрым и инвазивным ростом с инфильтрацией соседних органов и более редким поражением лимфатических узлов. Это редкое новообразование, на долю которого приходится 1,4–12,7 % опухолей желчного пузыря. ПРЖП имеет плохой прогноз. Симптомы обычно появляются на поздних стадиях заболевания, в связи в чем пациенты часто умирают вскоре после постановки диагноза. Этиология ПРЖП сложная и в основном связана с наличием конкрементов в желчном пузыре. Описание случая. Пациент, 56 лет, поступил в стационар с жалобами на коликообразные боли в правом подреберье, которые возникли примерно за 2 нед до госпитализации; тошноты, рвоты, одышки, лихорадки, отсутствия аппетита или потери веса не отмечал. После обследования установлен диагноз острого холецистита и начата антибактериальная терапия, которая не дала положительных результатов, и пациенту была выполнена операция, при ревизии обнаружена опухоль желчного пузыря, что явилось показанием для холецистэктомии и расширенной правосторонней гемигепатэктомии. При гистологическом исследовании биопсийного материала выявлен плоскоклеточный рак. После операции назначена лучевая терапия и химиотерапия. При динамическом наблюдении в течение 2 лет отмечается полная ремиссия опухоли. Заключение. Представленный клинический случай подчеркивает необходимость дальнейшего изучения гистогенеза плоскоклеточного рака желчного пузыря

Fabricating Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Solid Freeform Fabrication Tools

Superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit a range of properties such as large contact angle, low contact angle hysteresis and decreased hydrodynamic drag. These properties make superhydrophobic surfaces of fundamental and commercial interest as they can enable a wide variety of applications including microfluidic components, biomedical devices, and micro-batteries. Superhydrophobic behavior is achieved through a combination of the hydrophobicity of the polymer and the roughness of the surface. We have used a commercially available multi-jet modeling rapid prototyping machine to fabricate 3D objects where the superhydrophobic surface is monolithic with the part. This approach was used to fabricate non-planar components with novel structures including helical conduits and porous meshes. In addition, we have developed a robotic dispensing tool that enables greater freedom of material selection. Both approaches have been used to fabricate arrays of surface features with diameters below 175 microns and with aspect ratios greater than 8:1. The fabrication and wetting properties of surfaces made using these two techniques will be discussed.Mechanical Engineerin

Singlet Oxygen Generation on Porous Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Effect of Gas Flow and Sensitizer Wetting on Trapping Efficiency

We describe physical-organic studies of singlet oxygen generation and transport into an aqueous solution supported on superhydrophobic surfaces on which silicon–phthalocyanine (Pc) particles are immobilized. Singlet oxygen (1O2) was trapped by a water-soluble anthracene compound and monitored in situ using a UV–vis spectrometer. When oxygen flows through the porous superhydrophobic surface, singlet oxygen generated in the plastron (i.e., the gas layer beneath the liquid) is transported into the solution within gas bubbles, thereby increasing the liquid–gas surface area over which singlet oxygen can be trapped. Higher photooxidation rates were achieved in flowing oxygen, as compared to when the gas in the plastron was static. Superhydrophobic surfaces were also synthesized so that the Pc particles were located in contact with, or isolated from, the aqueous solution to evaluate the relative effectiveness of singlet oxygen generated in solution and the gas phase, respectively; singlet oxygen generated on particles wetted by the solution was trapped more efficiently than singlet oxygen generated in the plastron, even in the presence of flowing oxygen gas. A mechanism is proposed that explains how Pc particle wetting, plastron gas composition and flow rate as well as gas saturation of the aqueous solution affect singlet oxygen trapping efficiency. These stable superhydrophobic surfaces, which can physically isolate the photosensitizer particles from the solution may be of practical importance for delivering singlet oxygen for water purification and medical devices

Impact of cancers on the kidney function and structure; An ignored entity

Important declines have been observed in urological cancer-related mortality in recent decades, mainly due to improvements in treatments of prostate cancer, less exposure to tobacco smoking as well as occupational carcinogens of kidney and bladder. However, because of global population ageing, age-related urinary tract cancers are expected to increase in the near future despite improved primary prevention, early detection and more efficient treatment. In this article, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), kidney transplantation, cancer and acute kidney injury (AKI), lung cancer and chronic kidney disease (CKD), breast cancer, prostate cancer, cervix cancer and brain cancer and their associations with kidney function and structure have been discussed. In conclusion, kidney and cancers have interaction with each other. Kidney carcinoma can be metastasizing to other organs as well as other cancer to kidney. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the potential effect of kidney functions and interaction with other cancers in each malignancy

Impact of cancers on the kidney function and structure; An ignored entity

Important declines have been observed in urological cancer-related mortality in recent decades, mainly due to improvements in treatments of prostate cancer, less exposure to tobacco smoking as well as occupational carcinogens of kidney and bladder. However, because of global population ageing, age-related urinary tract cancers are expected to increase in the near future despite improved primary prevention, early detection and more efficient treatment. In this article, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), kidney transplantation, cancer and acute kidney injury (AKI), lung cancer and chronic kidney disease (CKD), breast cancer, prostate cancer, cervix cancer and brain cancer and their associations with kidney function and structure have been discussed. In conclusion, kidney and cancers have interaction with each other. Kidney carcinoma can be metastasizing to other organs as well as other cancer to kidney. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the potential effect of kidney functions and interaction with other cancers in each malignancy. © 2018 The Author(s)

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) due to extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria including Escherichia coli has become widespread. Studies have shown a trend toward higher mortality, longer hospitalization, greater hospital expenses and reduced rates of clinical and microbiologic response in ESBL UTI. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determinate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of ESBL producing E. coli isolated from UTI. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3126 samples. Urine specimens were cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue (EBM) and blood agar. The disk diffusion standard method (Kirby Bauer) was used to test the susceptibility of the drug on Muller- Hinton agar plates and results were reviewed based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. The reviewing of ESBL-producing uropathogens was carried out using Combined Disk Test (CDT) by using cefotaxime (CTX; 30 μg) and cefotaximeclavulanic acid (CTX; 30 μg /CA:10 μg) disks and CLSI protocol. Results: Out of 291 E. coli isolates, 108 (37.11) are ESBL-producer and 183 (62.89) are non-ESBL-producer. Among ESBL-producing E. coli, the highest antibiotic resistance was observed with cefotaxime (100), amoxicillin (97.22) and piperacillin (96.3) and the highest antibiotic sensitivity was observed with meropenem (93.5), nitrofurantoin (81.48) and gentamicin (55.56). Conclusion: We recommended that cephalosporins, penicillins and cotrimoxazole are not suggested in the treatment of ESBL-producing E. coli. On the other hand, carbapenems as a first line and aminoglycosides as the next step in the treatment of ESBL-producing E. coli are recommended. © 2019 The Author(s)

5G and beyond networks

This chapter investigates the Network Layer aspects that will characterize the merger of the cellular paradigm and the IoT architectures, in the context of the evolution towards 5G-and-beyond, including some promising emerging services as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles or Base Stations, and V2X communications