52 research outputs found

    Gråfszínezések és gråfok felbontåsai = Colorings and decompositions of graphs

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    A nem-ismĂ©tlƑ szĂ­nezĂ©seket a vĂ©letlen mĂłdszer alkalmazhatĂłsĂĄga miatt kezdtĂ©k el vizsgĂĄlni. FelsƑ korlĂĄtot adtunk a szĂ­nek szĂĄmĂĄra, amely a maximum fok Ă©s a favastagsĂĄg lineĂĄris fĂŒggvĂ©nye. Olyan szĂ­nezĂ©seket is vizsgĂĄltunk, amelyek egy sĂ­kgrĂĄf oldalain nem-ismĂ©tlƑk. SejtĂ©s volt, hogy vĂ©ges sok szĂ­n elĂ©g. Ezt bizonyĂ­tottuk 24 szĂ­nnel. A kromatikus szĂĄmot Ă©s a metszĂ©si szĂĄmot algoritmikusan nehĂ©z meghatĂĄrozni. EzĂ©rt meglepƑ Albertson egy friss sejtĂ©se, amely kapcsolatot ĂĄllĂ­t fel közöttĂŒk: ha egy grĂĄf kromatikus szĂĄma r, akkor metszĂ©si szĂĄma legalĂĄbb annyi, mint a teljes r csĂșcsĂș grĂĄfĂ©. BizonyĂ­tottuk a sejtĂ©st, ha r<3.57n, valamint ha 12<r<17. Ez utĂłbbi azĂ©rt Ă©rdekes, mert a teljes r csĂșcsĂș grĂĄf metszĂ©si szĂĄma csak r<13 esetĂ©n ismert. A tĂ©makör legfontosabb nyitott kĂ©rdĂ©se a Hadwiger-sejtĂ©s, mely szerint minden r-kromatikus grĂĄf tartalmazza a teljes r csĂșcsĂș grĂĄfot minorkĂ©nt. Ennek ĂĄltalĂĄnosĂ­tĂĄsakĂ©nt fogalmaztĂĄk meg a lista szĂ­nezĂ©si Hadwiger sejtĂ©st: ha egy grĂĄf nem tartalmaz teljes r csĂșcsĂș grĂĄfot minorkĂ©nt, akkor az r-lista szĂ­nezhetƑ. Megmutattuk, hogy ez a sejtĂ©s hamis. LegalĂĄbb cr szĂ­nre szĂŒksĂ©gĂŒnk van bizonyos grĂĄfokra, ahol c=4/3. Thomassennel vetettĂŒk fel azt a kĂ©rdĂ©st, hogy milyen feltĂ©tel garantĂĄlja, hogy G Ă©lei felbonthatĂłk egy adott T fa pĂ©ldĂĄnyaira. Legyen Y az a fa, melynek fokszĂĄmsorozata (1,1,1,2,3). Megmutattuk, hogy minden 287-szeresen Ă©lösszefĂŒggƑ fa felbomlik Y-okra, ha az Ă©lszĂĄm oszthatĂł 4-gyel. | Nonrepetitive colorings often use the probabilistic method. We gave an upper bound as a linear function of the maximum degree and the tree-width. We also investigated colorings, which are nonrepetitive on faces of plane graphs. As conjectured, a finite number of colors suffice. We proved it by 24 colors. The chromatic and crossing numbers are both difficult to compute. The recent Albertson's conjecture is a surprising relation between the two: if the chromatic number is r, then the crossing number is at least the crossing number of the complete graph on r vertices. We proved this claim, if r<3.57n, or 12<r<17. The latter is remarkable, since the crossing number of the complete graph is only known for r<13. The most important open question of the field is Hadwiger's conjecture: every r-chromatic graph contains as a minor the complete graph on r vertices. As a generalisation, the following is the list coloring Hadwiger conjecture: if a graph does not contain as a minor the complete graph on r vertices , then the graph is r-list colorable. We proved the falsity of this claim. In our examples, at least cr colors are necessary, where c=4/3. Decomposition of graphs is well-studied. Thomassen and I posed the question of a sufficient connectivity condition, which guaranties a T-decomposition. Let Y be the tree with degree sequence (1,1,1,2,3). We proved every 287-edge connected graph has a Y-decomposition, if the size is divisible by four

    Intersecting and 22-intersecting hypergraphs with maximal covering number: the Erd\H{o}s-Lov\'asz theme revisited

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    Erd\H{o}s and Lov\'asz noticed that an rr-uniform intersecting hypergraph HH with maximal covering number, that is τ(H)=r\tau(H)=r, must have at least 83r−3\frac{8}{3}r-3 edges. There has been no improvement on this lower bound for 45 years. We try to understand the reason by studying some small cases to see whether the truth lies very close to this simple bound. Let q(r)q(r) denote the minimum number of edges in an intersecting rr-uniform hypergraph. It was known that q(3)=6q(3)=6 and q(4)=9q(4)=9. We obtain the following new results: The extremal example for uniformity 4 is unique. Somewhat surprisingly it is not symmetric by any means. For uniformity 5, q(5)=13q(5)=13, and we found 3 examples, none of them being some known graph. We use both theoretical arguments and computer searches. In the footsteps of Erd\H{o}s and Lov\'asz, we also consider the special case, when the hypergraph is part of a finite projective plane. We determine the exact answer for r∈{3,4,5,6}r\in \{3,4,5,6\}. For uniformity 6, there is a unique extremal example. In a related question, we try to find 22-intersecting rr-uniform hypergraphs with maximal covering number, that is τ(H)=r−1\tau(H)=r-1. An infinite family of examples is to take all possible rr-sets of a (2r−2)(2r-2)-vertex set. There is also a geometric candidate: biplanes. These are symmetric 2-designs with λ=2\lambda=2. We determined that only 3 biplanes of the 18 known examples are extremal

    Rainbow matchings and transversals

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