Implication des cellules NK au cours des maladies auto-immunes

Auto-immune diseases (AID) form a broad spectrum of heterogeneous and chronic pathologies, most commonly affecting young adults. The etiopathogenesis of AID corresponds to a breakdown of the immunological tolerance: the result of complex mechanisms, implicating every component of the immune system. While adaptive immune cells has been extensively studied in this context, the role of innate immune cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells, is much less understood. Using Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Antisynthetase Syndrome (ASS) as model pathologies, the main objective of this work is to demonstrate the involvement of NK cells in AID and to study the relevant mechanisms. Patients with AID showed numerous anomalies in the phenotypical and functional analysis of their NK cells, as compared to healthy controls. These differences are more pronounced in active rather than inactive patients. Moreover, the infiltration of target tissues by NK cells in ASS as well as the activation of these cells by SLE specific auto-antigens confirm the involvement of NK cells in AID. Additionally, interactions of NK cells with different immune cells, known to be involved in AID pathogenesis, seem to be the cause of the observed anomalies. These anomalies differ among both AID: NK cells from patients with SLE are immature and devoted to cytokine production, whereas those from patients with ASS have reached a highly differentiated but hypofunctional stage. Taken as a whole, these data suggest that NK cells are involved in the immuno-pathogenesis of AID. This involvement seems conditioned by the effect of different stimuli and different cellular interactions, which are distinct from one form of AID to another.Les maladies auto-immunes (MAI) correspondent à un large ensemble de pathologies cliniquement hétérogènes, affectant le plus souvent des adultes jeunes, de façon volontiers chronique. Du point de vue physiopathologique, ces maladies correspondent à la survenue d’une rupture de tolérance au soi, dont les mécanismes sont complexes et font appel à l’ensemble des acteurs du système immunitaire. Si l’implication des cellules de l’immunité adaptative est largement documentée dans ce contexte, celle des cellules appartenant à l’immunité innée, comme les cellules Natural Killer (NK) est peu étudié. A travers deux exemples de MAI systémiques, le Lupus Systémique (LS) et le Syndrome des Antisynthétases (SAS), l’objet de ce travail est de montrer l’implication des cellules NK au cours des MAI et d’étudier les mécanismes en cause.L’étude phénotypique et fonctionnelle des cellules NK chez des patients présentant une MAI révèle de nombreuses anomalies comparativement aux sujets contrôles. Ces dernières sont plus marquées chez les patients en phase active plutôt qu’en rémission. De plus, l’infiltration des tissus cibles au cours du SAS par les cellules NK d’une part, et l’activation in vitro de ces cellules par les auto-antigènes au cours du LS d’autre part, confirme l’implication des cellules NK au cours de ces deux MAI. Par ailleurs, des interactions des cellules NK avec plusieurs types cellulaires impliqués dans l’immunopathologie de ces maladies semblent conditionner les anomalies observées. Ces dernières sont différentes selon la maladie étudiée : le profil des cellules NK des patients atteints de LS étant plutôt immature et tourné vers la production de cytokines, tandis que celui des patients atteints de SAS correspond à un stade de différentiation terminal mais hypofonctionnel.L’ensemble des résultats suggère que les cellules NK participent à l’immunopathologie des MAI. Leur implication est conditionnée par l’effet de certains stimuli et certaines interactions cellulaires, qui sont de nature différente d’une MAI à l’autre

Systemic perturbation of cytokine and chemokine networks in Erdheim-Chester disease: a single-center series of 37 patients

Immunopathogenesis of Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), a rare non-Langerhan

In Antisynthetase Syndrome, ACPA Are Associated With Severe and Erosive Arthritis: An Overlapping Rheumatoid Arthritis and Antisynthetase Syndrome

International audienceAbstract: Anticitrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPA), which are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), may be found in some patients with other systemic autoimmune diseases. The clinical significance of ACPA in patients with antisynthetase syndrome (ASS), a systemic disease characterized by the association of myositis, interstitial lung disease, polyarthralgia, and/or polyarthritis, has not yet been evaluated with regard to phenotype, prognosis, and response to treatment. ACPA-positive ASS patients were first identified among a French multicenter registry of patients with ASS. Additionally, all French rheumatology and internal medicine practitioners registered on the Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation web site were asked to report their observations of ASS patients with ACPA. The 17 collected patients were retrospectively studied using a standardized questionnaire and compared with 34 unselected ACPA-negative ASS patients in a case–control study. All ACPA-positive ASS patients suffered from arthritis versus 41% in the control group (P 7-year mean follow-up, extra-articular outcomes and survival were not different. ACPA-positive ASS patients showed an overlapping RA–ASS syndrome, were at high risk of refractory erosive arthritis, and might experience ASS flare when treated with antitumor necrosis factor drugs. In contrast, other biologics such as anti-CD20 mAb were effective in this context, without worsening systemic involvements

Implication of NK cells in auto-immune diseases

Les maladies auto-immunes (MAI) correspondent à un large ensemble de pathologies cliniquement hétérogènes, affectant le plus souvent des adultes jeunes, de façon volontiers chronique. Du point de vue physiopathologique, ces maladies correspondent à la survenue d’une rupture de tolérance au soi, dont les mécanismes sont complexes et font appel à l’ensemble des acteurs du système immunitaire. Si l’implication des cellules de l’immunité adaptative est largement documentée dans ce contexte, celle des cellules appartenant à l’immunité innée, comme les cellules Natural Killer (NK) est peu étudié. A travers deux exemples de MAI systémiques, le Lupus Systémique (LS) et le Syndrome des Antisynthétases (SAS), l’objet de ce travail est de montrer l’implication des cellules NK au cours des MAI et d’étudier les mécanismes en cause.L’étude phénotypique et fonctionnelle des cellules NK chez des patients présentant une MAI révèle de nombreuses anomalies comparativement aux sujets contrôles. Ces dernières sont plus marquées chez les patients en phase active plutôt qu’en rémission. De plus, l’infiltration des tissus cibles au cours du SAS par les cellules NK d’une part, et l’activation in vitro de ces cellules par les auto-antigènes au cours du LS d’autre part, confirme l’implication des cellules NK au cours de ces deux MAI. Par ailleurs, des interactions des cellules NK avec plusieurs types cellulaires impliqués dans l’immunopathologie de ces maladies semblent conditionner les anomalies observées. Ces dernières sont différentes selon la maladie étudiée : le profil des cellules NK des patients atteints de LS étant plutôt immature et tourné vers la production de cytokines, tandis que celui des patients atteints de SAS correspond à un stade de différentiation terminal mais hypofonctionnel.L’ensemble des résultats suggère que les cellules NK participent à l’immunopathologie des MAI. Leur implication est conditionnée par l’effet de certains stimuli et certaines interactions cellulaires, qui sont de nature différente d’une MAI à l’autre.Auto-immune diseases (AID) form a broad spectrum of heterogeneous and chronic pathologies, most commonly affecting young adults. The etiopathogenesis of AID corresponds to a breakdown of the immunological tolerance: the result of complex mechanisms, implicating every component of the immune system. While adaptive immune cells has been extensively studied in this context, the role of innate immune cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells, is much less understood. Using Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Antisynthetase Syndrome (ASS) as model pathologies, the main objective of this work is to demonstrate the involvement of NK cells in AID and to study the relevant mechanisms. Patients with AID showed numerous anomalies in the phenotypical and functional analysis of their NK cells, as compared to healthy controls. These differences are more pronounced in active rather than inactive patients. Moreover, the infiltration of target tissues by NK cells in ASS as well as the activation of these cells by SLE specific auto-antigens confirm the involvement of NK cells in AID. Additionally, interactions of NK cells with different immune cells, known to be involved in AID pathogenesis, seem to be the cause of the observed anomalies. These anomalies differ among both AID: NK cells from patients with SLE are immature and devoted to cytokine production, whereas those from patients with ASS have reached a highly differentiated but hypofunctional stage. Taken as a whole, these data suggest that NK cells are involved in the immuno-pathogenesis of AID. This involvement seems conditioned by the effect of different stimuli and different cellular interactions, which are distinct from one form of AID to another

Surdités idiopathiques de l'adulte jeune (intérêt du bilan auto-immun systématique)

Certaines surdités de perception sont d'origine auto-immune. Cependant pour un patient donné, obtenir par un test de routine la preuve d'une telle étiologie n'est pas envisageable actuellement. D autre part les traitements immunomodulateurs d une telle affection ne sont pas toujours efficaces et exposent à des événements iatrogènes. Cette étude prospective réalisée entre 1999 et 2007 avait pour objectif de rechercher devant toute surdité idiopathique du sujet jeune des signes en faveur d une auto-immunité systémique (bilan clinique et biologique simple), afin de mettre en évidence une meilleure réponse aux immunosuppresseurs en cas d auto-immunité. Parmi les 49 patients inclus, 13 avaient un bilan positif mais il n a pas été possible de corréler cela avec une bonne évolution sous traitement. Mais certains patients ont été dépistés comme étant à risque de développer une maladie auto-immune systémique. Le bilan d auto-immunité au cours des surdités idiopathiques du sujet jeune doit comprendre un examen clinique et la recherche d anticorps anti-nucléaires et anticardiolipides. Une évaluation plus large des bénéfices et des risques des traitements immunosuppresseurs dans ce cadre mériterait d être envisagé.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Polyfunctionality of bona fide resident lung CD69 + natural killer cells

with the correlation of total IL-18 and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)-prone conditions, they found elevated free IL-18 specifically in patients with Still's disease, and also observed a higher IL-18/IL-18BP affinity than previously described. Further investigation is warranted to better understand discrepancies between calculated and measured free IL-18, and appropriate caution should be taken in the interpretation of calculated free IL-18 until the aforementioned assumptions have been addressed. This report provides the first clinical clues that the association between free IL-18 and MAS is no mere epiphenomenon. Specifically, the magnitude and chronicity of elevated IL-18 in NLRC4-related MAS (and in most systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis 5) might suggest a ''priming'' effect for exuberant MAS-like responses. However, this patient's rapid improvement also implicates a role for IL-18 in propagating inflammation. In addition, the patient's enterocolitis was associated with substantially more free IL-18 in stool than in serum, suggesting less buffering by IL-18BP at mucosal surfaces. Overall, the important work initiated nearly 2 decades ago in describing the endogenous regulation of IL-18 continues to undergo scientific, and now clinical, refinement as we better understand the homeostatic and pathogenic functions of this cytokine

NK Cells in the Human Lungs

International audienceThe lung offers one of the largest exchange surfaces of the individual with the elements of the environment. As a place of important interactions between self and non-self, the lung is richly endowed in various immune cells. As such, lung natural killer (NK) cells play major effector and immunoregulatory roles to ensure self-integrity. A better understanding of their abilities in health and diseases has been made possible over the past decade thanks to tremendous discoveries in humans and animals. By precisely distinguishing the different NK cell subsets and dissecting the ontogeny and differentiation of NK cells, both blood and tissue-resident NK populations now appear to be much more pleiotropic than previously thought. In light of these recent findings in healthy individuals, this review describes the different lung NK cell populations quantitatively, qualitatively, phenotypically, and functionally. Their identification, immunological diversity, and adaptive capacities are also addressed. For each of these elements, the impact of the mutual interactions of lung NK cells with environmental and microenvironmental factors are questioned in terms of functionality, competence, and adaptive capacities. As pulmonary diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, special attention is also given to the involvement of lung NK cells in various diseases, including infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and neoplastic lung diseases. In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of lung NK cell biology, this review also provides insight into the potential of NK cell immunotherapy and the development of targeted biologics

Immunopathogenesis of the Anti-Synthetase Syndrome

International audienc

Control of acute dengue virus infection by natural killer cells

International audienceDengue fever is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease worldwide, affecting 50–100 million individuals annually. The clinical picture associated with acute dengue virus (DENV) infections ranges from classical febrile illness to life-threatening disease.The innate immunity is the first line of defense in the control of viral replication. This review will examine the particular role of natural killer (NK) cells in DENV infection. Over recent years, our understanding of the interplay between NK cells and viral pathogenesis has improved significantly. NK cells express an array of inhibitory and activating receptors that enable them to detect infected targets while sparing normal cells, and to recruit adaptive immune cells. To date, the exact mechanism by which NK cells may contribute to the control of DENV infection remains elusive. Importantly, DENV has acquired mechanisms to evade NK cell responses, further underlining the relevance of these cells in pathophysiology. Hence, understanding how NK cells affect the outcome of DENV infection could benefit the management of this acute disease

Tofacitinib in antisynthetase syndrome-related rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease

International audienc