Use of the Instantaneous Wave-free Ratio or Fractional Flow Reserve in PCI

BACKGROUND: Coronary revascularization guided by fractional flow reserve (FFR) is associated with better patient outcomes after the procedure than revascularization guided by angiography alone. It is unknown whether the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), an alternative measure that does not require the administration of adenosine, will offer benefits similar to those of FFR. METHODS: We randomly assigned 2492 patients with coronary artery disease, in a 1:1 ratio, to undergo either iFR-guided or FFR-guided coronary revascularization. The primary end point was the 1-year risk of major adverse cardiac events, which were a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization. The trial was designed to show the noninferiority of iFR to FFR, with a margin of 3.4 percentage points for the difference in risk. RESULTS: At 1 year, the primary end point had occurred in 78 of 1148 patients (6.8%) in the iFR group and in 83 of 1182 patients (7.0%) in the FFR group (difference in risk, -0.2 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.3 to 1.8; P<0.001 for noninferiority; hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.33; P=0.78). The risk of each component of the primary end point and of death from cardiovascular or noncardiovascular causes did not differ significantly between the groups. The number of patients who had adverse procedural symptoms and clinical signs was significantly lower in the iFR group than in the FFR group (39 patients [3.1%] vs. 385 patients [30.8%], P<0.001), and the median procedural time was significantly shorter (40.5 minutes vs. 45.0 minutes, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary revascularization guided by iFR was noninferior to revascularization guided by FFR with respect to the risk of major adverse cardiac events at 1 year. The rate of adverse procedural signs and symptoms was lower and the procedural time was shorter with iFR than with FFR. (Funded by Philips Volcano; DEFINE-FLAIR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02053038 .)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Multi-center Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Contrast MEdium INduced Pd/Pa RaTiO in Predicting FFR (MEMENTO-FFR) Study.

AIMS: Adenosine administration is needed for the achievement of maximal hyperaemia fractional flow reserve (FFR) assessment. The objective was to test the accuracy of Pd/Pa ratio registered during submaximal hyperaemia induced by non-ionic contrast medium (contrast FFR [cFFR]) in predicting FFR and comparing it to the performance of resting Pd/Pa in a collaborative registry of 926 patients enrolled in 10 hospitals from four European countries (Italy, Spain, France and Portugal). METHODS AND RESULTS: Resting Pd/Pa, cFFR and FFR were measured in 1,026 coronary stenoses functionally evaluated using commercially available pressure wires. cFFR was obtained after intracoronary injection of contrast medium, while FFR was measured after administration of adenosine. Resting Pd/Pa and cFFR were significantly higher than FFR (0.93±0.05 vs. 0.87±0.08 vs. 0.84±0.08, p<0.001). A strong correlation and a close agreement at Bland-Altman analysis between cFFR and FFR were observed (r=0.90, p<0.001 and 95% CI of disagreement: from -0.042 to 0.11). ROC curve analysis showed an excellent accuracy (89%) of the cFFR cut-off of ≤0.85 in predicting an FFR value ≤0.80 (AUC 0.95 [95% CI: 0.94-0.96]), significantly better than that observed using resting Pd/Pa (AUC: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.88-0.91; p<0.001). A cFFR/FFR hybrid approach showed a significantly lower number of lesions requiring adenosine than a resting Pd/Pa/FFR hybrid approach (22% vs. 44%, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: cFFR is accurate in predicting the functional significance of coronary stenosis. This could allow limiting the use of adenosine to obtain FFR to a minority of stenoses with considerable savings of time and costs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O Quadro Nacional de Bio-Segurança para Cabo Verde

A aplicação das biotecnologias é hoje considerada uma parte importante da solução aos problemas gerados pela insegurança alimentar e a redução da pobreza no mundo. Contudo, há necessidade da avaliação dos riscos reais associados à liberação dos Organismos Geneticamente Modificados (OGMs) desde que existe a possibilidade potencial de danos ao ambiente e à saúde humana, pela alteração da diversidade biológica. Face ao desenvolvimento acelerado da biotecnologia moderna e face ao desconhecimento das reais consequências das interacções dos OGMs com os diversos ecossistemas, a comunidade internacional adoptou o Protocolo de Cartagena sobre a Bio-segurança como um instrumento de prevenção dos riscos provenientes de produtos biotecnológicos. Este Protocolo é um instrumento jurídico internacional de cariz obrigatório adoptado pela Conferência das Partes aquando da Convenção “Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre a Diversidade Biológica (CDB)”, em 1992. A Convenção, reconhecendo o enorme potencial da biotecnologia moderna para a resolução dos problemas antes mencionados, objectiva “contribuir para assegurar um nível adequado de protecção para a transferência, manipulação e utilização segura dos organismos vivos modificados resultantes da biotecnologia moderna, e que possam ter efeitos adversos para a conservação e utilização sustentável da diversidade biológica, considerando igualmente os riscos para a saúde humana, e centrando-se especificamente nos movimentos transfronteiriços”. O governo de Cabo Verde, consciente da importância que se relaciona à protecção da biodiversidade das ilhas e da saúde pública contra os potenciais riscos dos OGMs, assinou, através do Decreto nº 11/2005 de 26 de Setembro, o Protocolo de Cartagena sobre a Bio-segurança. Com a ratificação do PCB, a 1 de Novembro de 2005, o país comprometeu-se a cumprir as exigências e obrigações do Protocolo, dentre as quais, a elaboração e materialização do O objectivo primário do Projecto para o desenvolvimento do Quadro Nacional de Bio-segurança ou, simplesmente, Projecto Nacional de Bio-segurança (PNB), é o de desenvolver um Quadro Nacional de Bio-segurança para CV, de acordo com as necessidades relevantes do protocolo de Cartagena, considerando principalmente que “cada parte deve tomar as medidas legais, administrativas e outras apropriadas para implementar suas obrigações sob o protocolo”. Para a implementação do Plano, Cabo Verde fez uma análise do cenário actual da biotecnologia e da Bio-segurança, propôs um quadro jurídico institucional Nacional e elaborou um plano de acção para implementação do Quadro Nacional de Bio-segurança (QNB). Este Quadro consiste num conjunto de instrumentos políticos, legais, administrativos e técnicos, próprios para atingir as necessidades relevantes do Protocolo de Cartagena. Especificamente, o quadro visa o estabelecimento de bases científicas e sistemas transparentes de tomada de decisão que habilitem o país a beneficiar dos potenciais benefícios da biotecnologia moderna, assegurando a máxima protecção do ambiente, saúde humana e animal dos potenciais riscos dessa biotecnologia; assegurar que a investigação, liberação e manuseio de produtos da biotecnologia moderna sejam desenvolvidos de forma a minimizar os potenciais riscos para o ambiente, saúde humana e animal e; assegurar o manuseio e o movimento transfronteiriço seguros de produtos derivados da biotecnologia moderna. Entretanto, embora o país não dispõe de nenhuma política que aborde a questão concreta da Bio-segurança, existem prioridades nacionais no contexto de objectivos maiores de desenvolvimento, como o desenvolvimento sustentável, conservação da biodiversidade, desenvolvimento agrícola, segurança alimentar, etc., sob os quais uma política de biotecnologia e Biosegurança no quadro do QNB será desenvolvida. Ela será alicerçada nas políticas existentes para os vários sectores, principalmente, nos domínios do ambiente (conservação da biodiversidade), da saúde pública, da agricultura (protecção fitossanitária e sanidade animal) e da pesca, embora a investigação neste domínio seja ainda incipiente. O desenvolvimento e a implementação do quadro nacional de Bio-segurança enfatizam e priorizam o reforço da capacitação institucional e técnico para o manuseamento dos OGMs, permitindo a adequação e reorganização das estruturas existentes. Não obstante, o país pode utilizar os produtos da biotecnologia moderna já disponíveis, em benefício da produção alimentar, da saúde humana e animal, do ambiente, do melhoramento do sector florestal, da pesca e da indústria. Para concretizar o plano, foi proposta a criação de um sistema administrativo e institucional composto por seis órgãos, nomeadamente, a Autoridade Nacional Competente, o Conselho Nacional de Bio-segurança; o Comité Regulador (CR) /Monitorização e Fiscalização; o Secretariado Técnico (ST); o Painel Técnico Científico (PTC) e; o Comité Público. Cada um desses órgãos tem funções específicas que vão desde a orientação das vertentes políticas do país até a sensibilização e educação do público no referente ao assunto. A proposta inclui uma Autoridade Nacional Competente única, sob a alçada do Ministério do Ambiente e Agricultura, como o órgão responsável pela autorização ou não da introdução/criação de OGMs, pela coordenação de todas as actividades ligadas à Bio-segurança; e pela recepção de pedidos de autorização e a gestão de notificações, sejam eles para importação, liberação, propagação ou comercialização; ou uso directo para a alimentação, derivado ou produtos do processamento de produtos alimentares, através do Secretariado Técnico. O diploma legislativo proposto estabelece as normas de segurança e mecanismos de fiscalização à importação, exportação, trânsito, produção, manipulação, manuseamento e utilização de organismos geneticamente modificados (OGM) e seus produtos, em conformidade com o princípio da precaução e tendo em vista a protecção da vida e a saúde do homem, dos animais e das plantas, bem como, o meio ambiente. As normas estabelecidas pelo diploma aplicam-se a todas as entidades públicas e privadas envolvidas na importação, exportação, trânsito, produção, manipulação, manuseamento e utilização de OGM e seus produtos, sem prejuízo do regime fixado para as operações de comércio externo de e para Cabo Verde e demais legislação aplicável. O diploma também não se aplica aos movimentos transfronteiriços de fármacos para seres humanos, que sejam OGM e seus produtos, e que estejam sujeitos a legislação específica. E finalmente, visando assegurar que o QNB para Cabo Verde seja cabalmente activo no país, foi concebido um plano de acção quinquenal para sua operacionalização. Este plano de acção consiste num conjunto de actividades que deverão ser adoptadas e realizadas nos próximos cinco anos, sendo estas: o estabelecimento de um quadro institucional e administrativo de Bio-segurança; estabelecimento de um sistema de consciencialização, educação e participação para bio-segurança; criação de capacidade local para o manuseio da biotecnologia; reforço da capacidade local institucional existente no domínio da biotecnologia/bio-segurança; estudo dos impactos da biotecnologia moderna na agricultura local (incluindo produção pecuária e aquacultura); manutenção do uso seguro de produtos farmacêuticos e alimentares como uma prioridade no domínio da saúde pública e; certificação de um conjunto de medidas e políticas efectivas que acompanhem as constantes mudanças

Towards Generalization of 3D Human Pose Estimation In The Wild

In this paper, we propose 3DBodyTex.Pose, a dataset that addresses the task of 3D human pose estimation in-the-wild. Generalization to in-the-wild images remains limited due to the lack of adequate datasets. Existent ones are usually collected in indoor controlled environments where motion capture systems are used to obtain the 3D ground-truth annotations of humans. 3DBodyTex.Pose offers high quality and rich data containing 405 different real subjects in various clothing and poses, and 81k image samples with ground-truth 2D and 3D pose annotations. These images are generated from 200 viewpoints among which 70 challenging extreme viewpoints. This data was created starting from high resolution textured 3D body scans and by incorporating various realistic backgrounds. Retraining a state-of-the-art 3D pose estimation approach using data augmented with 3DBodyTex.Pose showed promising improvement in the overall performance, and a sensible decrease in the per joint position error when testing on challenging viewpoints. The 3DBodyTex.Pose is expected to offer the research community with new possibilities for generalizing 3D pose estimation from monocular in-the-wild images

Safety of the Deferral of Coronary Revascularization on the Basis of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements in Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients deferred from coronary revascularization on the basis of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) or fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements in stable angina pectoris (SAP) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). BACKGROUND: Assessment of coronary stenosis severity with pressure guidewires is recommended to determine the need for myocardial revascularization. METHODS: The safety of deferral of coronary revascularization in the pooled per-protocol population (n = 4,486) of the DEFINE-FLAIR (Functional Lesion Assessment of Intermediate Stenosis to Guide Revascularisation) and iFR-SWEDEHEART (Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Versus Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris or Acute Coronary Syndrome) randomized clinical trials was investigated. Patients were stratified according to revascularization decision making on the basis of iFR or FFR and to clinical presentation (SAP or ACS). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization at 1 year. RESULTS: Coronary revascularization was deferred in 2,130 patients. Deferral was performed in 1,117 patients (50%) in the iFR group and 1,013 patients (45%) in the FFR group (p < 0.01). At 1 year, the MACE rate in the deferred population was similar between the iFR and FFR groups (4.12% vs. 4.05%; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.72 to 1.79; p = 0.60). A clinical presentation with ACS was associated with a higher MACE rate compared with SAP in deferred patients (5.91% vs. 3.64% in ACS and SAP, respectively; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 0.61 in favor of SAP; 95% confidence interval: 0.38 to 0.99; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, deferral of revascularization is equally safe with both iFR and FFR, with a low MACE rate of about 4%. Lesions were more frequently deferred when iFR was used to assess physiological significance. In deferred patients presenting with ACS, the event rate was significantly increased compared with SAP at 1 year.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Computational Optimal Transport and Filtering on Riemannian manifolds

In this paper we extend recent developments in computational optimal transport to the setting of Riemannian manifolds. In particular, we show how to learn optimal transport maps from samples that relate probability distributions defined on manifolds. Specializing these maps for sampling conditional probability distributions provides an ensemble approach for solving nonlinear filtering problems defined on such geometries. The proposed computational methodology is illustrated with examples of transport and nonlinear filtering on Lie groups, including the circle $S^1$, the special Euclidean group $SE(2)$, and the special orthogonal group $SO(3)$.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

The complexities of electronic services implementation and institutionalisation in the public sector

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in Information & Management. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2013 Elsevier B.V.Electronic service implementation (ESI) in the public sector attempts to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency of governmental departments. Despite having provided the necessary infrastructure and investment, many governments have struggled to realise such aims due to the various forces that challenge implementation and institutionalisation. Using institutional theory as a lens, we explored the forces influencing the implementation and institutionalisation of ESI in the public sector. While our results reinforced previous research in IT implementation and organisational transformation, they showed that the dynamic nature of technology poses unanticipated pressures, and that these can impede the implementation and institutionalisation process

Mechanical Thrombectomy in Stroke in Nonagenarians: Useful or Futile?

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy is the standard treatment in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion, but there is limited evidence about its efficacy in very old patients. We sought to analyse safety and effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy in nonagenarian versus octagenarian patients. Methods: We included consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion subjected to mechanical thrombectomy, during 29 months in a tertiary center. Patients were divided into two sub-groups, according to age: 80-89 and >90 years old. Recanalization, complications, functional outcome and mortality at discharge and at 3 months were compared. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of functional outcome at 3 months of follow-up, assessed by the modified Rankin Scale. Results: A total of 128 octogenarians (88.9%) and 16 nonagenarians (11.1%) met the inclusion criteria. Successful revascularization was achieved in 87.5% of octagenarians and in 81.3% of nonagenarians (p = 0.486). Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in 3.1% and 6.3% of younger and older patients, respectively (p = 0.520). Cerebral edema occured in 35.2% of octagenarians versus 25.0% of nonagenarians (p = 0.419). Functional independence (mRS ≤ 2) at 3 months was achieved in 28 (22.6%) and 5 (31.3%) of octagenarians and nonagenarians, respectively (p = 0.445). Mortality at 3 months was not significantly higher in nonagenarians (37.5%) versus octagenarians (33.9%, p = 0.773). Conclusions: No significant diferences were found in functional outcome, mortality, recanalization and complication rates between octagenarians and nonagenarians submitted to mechanical thrombectomy, underlining that patients should not be excluded from mechanical thrombectomy based on age alone.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Temporal 3D Human Pose Estimation for Action Recognition from Arbitrary Viewpoints

This work presents a new view-invariant action recognition system that is able to classify human actions by using a single RGB camera, including challenging camera viewpoints. Understanding actions from different viewpoints remains an extremely challenging problem, due to depth ambiguities, occlusion, and a large variety of appearances and scenes. Moreover, using only the information from the 2D perspective gives different interpretations for the same action seen from different viewpoints. Our system operates in two subsequent stages. The first stage estimates the 2D human pose using a convolution neural network. In the next stage, the 2D human poses are lifted to 3D human poses, using a temporal convolution neural network that enforces the temporal coherence over the estimated 3D poses. The estimated 3D poses from different viewpoints are then aligned to the same camera reference frame. Finally, we propose to use a temporal convolution network-based classifier for cross-view action recognition. Our results show that we can achieve state of art view-invariant action recognition accuracy even for the challenging viewpoints by only using RGB videos, without pre-training on synthetic or motion capture data