3,997 research outputs found
Electrophysiological answer to a checkerboard stimulus: A pilot study
Electroencephalography is a clinical signal that reveals the brain's electrical activity. In this category, the Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP) is one of the most frequent measures, especially when it is necessary to assess the maturity and function of the central visual system. The Electrodermal Activity (EDA) data gives information about skin conductance, and it is used to evaluate autonomic sympathetic reactions, often related to neuropsychological states. It could be used with all ages and in young subjects with healthy development or clinical practice with children with atypical development. In this paper, we propose an experimental setup based on checkerboard stimuli to assess the evolution of visual system development of preterm infants. This experimental protocol was applied to two female preterm born infants of 4 and 6 months of corrected age. The preliminary findings show that, as expected, the P100 latencies and amplitude are still different from those expected for adults and older children. However, the older infant presents results more similar to adults, corresponding to having a more mature visual system. Concerning EDA, it was observed that the older infant presents more responses to the stimulus, a higher level of skin conductance, and a shorter latency time than the younger infant, which is congruent with what is expected, given the maturation of the nervous system. The methodology used in this pilot application and the algorithm defined seem adequate to use in a longitudinal study to follow the evolution of preterm and term infants
Analysis of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions of the Life Cycle of Biohydrogen Applied to the Portuguese Road Transportation Sector
Onset of Phase Synchronization in Neurons Conneted via Chemical Synapses
We study the onset of synchronous states in realistic chaotic neurons coupled
by mutually inhibitory chemical synapses. For the realistic parameters, namely
the synaptic strength and the intrinsic current, this synapse introduces
non-coherences in the neuronal dynamics, yet allowing for chaotic phase
synchronization in a large range of parameters. As we increase the synaptic
strength, the neurons undergo to a periodic state, and no chaotic complete
synchronization is found.Comment: to appear in Int. J. Bif. Chao
Improving rainwater-use in Cabo Verde drylands by reducing runoff
Dryland agriculture in Cabo Verde copes with steep slopes, inadequate practices, irregular intense rain, recurrent
droughts, high runoff rates, severe soil erosion and declining fertility, leading to the inefficient use of rainwater.
Maize and beans occupy N80% of the arable land in low-input, low-yielding subsistence farming. Three collaborative
field trialswere conducted in different agroecological zones to evaluate the effects ofwater-conservation techniques
(mulching of crop residue, a soil surfactant and pigeon-pea hedges) combinedwith organic amendments (compost
and animal or green manure) on runoff and soil loss. During the 2011 and 2012 rainy seasons, three treatments and
one control (traditional practice) were applied to 44- and 24-m2 field plots. A local maize variety and two types of
beanswere planted. Runoff and suspended sedimentswere collected and quantified after each daily erosive rainfall.
Runoff occurred for rainfalls≥50mm(slope b10%, loamy Kastanozem),≥60mm(slope≤23%, silt–clay–loam Regosol)
and≥40mm(slope≤37%, sandy loam Cambisol). Runoffwas significantly reduced only with themulch treatment
on the slope N10% and in the treatment of surfactant with organic amendment on the slope b10%. Soil loss
reached 16.6, 5.1, 6.6 and 0.4 Mg ha−1 on the Regosol (≤23% slope) for the control, surfactant, pigeon-pea and
mulch/pigeon-pea (with organic amendment) treatments, respectively; 3.2, 0.9, 1.3 and 0.1 Mg ha−1 on the
Cambisol (≤37% slope) and b0. 2Mg ha−1 for all treatments and control on the Kastanozem(b10% slope). Erosion
was highly positively correlated with runoff. Mulch with pigeon-pea combinedwith an organic amendment significantly
reduced runoff and erosion fromagricultural fields on steep slopes, contributing to improved use of rainwater
at the plot level. Sustainable land management techniques, such as mulching with pigeon-pea hedges and an
organic amendment, should be advocated and promoted for the semiarid hillsides of Cabo Verde prone to erosion
to increase rainwater-use and to prevent further soil degradation
Parameter space of experimental chaotic circuits with high-precision control parameters
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Professor Iberê Luiz Caldas for the suggestions and encouragement. The authors F.F.G.d.S., R.M.R., J.C.S., and H.A.A. acknowledge the Brazilian agency CNPq and state agencies FAPEMIG, FAPESP, and FAPESC, and M.S.B. also acknowledges the EPSRC Grant Ref. No. EP/I032606/1.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Mathematical model of brain tumour with glia-neuron interactions and chemotherapy treatment
Acknowledgements This study was possible by partial financial support from the following Brazilian government agencies: Fundação Araucária, EPSRC-EP/I032606/1 and CNPq, CAPES and Science Without Borders Program Process nos. 17656125, 99999.010583/2013-00 and 245377/2012-3.Peer reviewedPreprin
Complementary action of chemical and electrical synapses to perception
Acknowledgements This study was possible by partial financial support from the following agencies: Fundação Araucária, EPSRC-EP/I032606/1, CNPq No. 441553/2014-1, CAPES No. 17656-12-5 and Science Without Borders Program— Process Nos. 17656125, 99999.010583/2013-00 and 245377/2012-3.Peer reviewedPostprin
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