Qualidade de vida das pessoas com diabetes mellitus

Objective: To analyze the quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the three levels of the healthcare system. Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out in primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare units with individuals in outpatient care. The validated Diabetes-39 instrument was used to evaluate quality of life. Results: The sample consisted of 53 people. There was a decreasing tendency in the quality of life impairment from the primary to the tertiary care levels. In the total sample, there were differences between domains of quality of life with the variables gender, insulin use and occupation, greater perception of quality of life impairment and disease severity in people with higher rates of glycated hemoglobin. Conclusion: Quality of life tends to worse as the disease worsens. The results suggest that quality of life is related to sociodemographic and clinical variables, therefore, these should be considered in the care

Diabetes mellitus education program focused on the selfmonitoring of capillary glycemia: a quasi-experimental study

Trata-se de uma pesquisa quase experimental que objetivou avaliar as contribuições de um programa educativo, focado na automonitorização da glicemia capilar, para as pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, desenvolvida em unidade ambulatorial de um hospital de nível terciário do interior paulista, em amostra de 25 pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. O programa educativo teve duração de 12 meses, estruturado com cinco encontros, dos quais dois foram individuais e utilizados para realizar a coleta de dados, nos dois tempos do estudo, que ocorreram antes e após o programa educativo, respectivamente, e três na modalidade grupal, nos quais foram desenvolvidas as intervenções educativas por meio de ferramentas visuais e interativas, com ênfase no conceito de autoeficácia da Teoria Social Cognitiva. Todos os participantes receberam sete reforços educativos por contato telefônico, sobre os temas discutidos nos grupos. Compuseram o estudo as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, antropométricas, exames laboratoriais, automonitorização da glicemia capilar, autocuidado, conhecimento sobre a doença e autoeficácia. Os dados de caracterização da amostra foram apresentados por meio da estatística descritiva, e as análises entre os tempos, antes e após a participação do programa educativo, foram realizadas por meio dos testes de Wilcoxon e McNemar, com o nível de significância estatística 5%. Na caracterização da amostra, houve predomínio do sexo masculino 14 (56,0%), adultos idosos com média de 60,16 (DP=8,58) anos de idade, tempo médio de diagnóstico de 17,28 (DP=8,22) anos. O exame laboratorial referente à glicemia de jejum aumentou no T12, e a hemoglobina glicada manteve o mesmo valor médio, após o programa educativo. Na automonitorização da glicemia capilar, houve resultados indicativos de melhora dos parâmetros, após a participação no programa educativo, para os itens referentes ao conhecimento do valor da glicemia pós-prandial (p=0,0039), interpretação dos resultados de glicemia capilar com as refeições e medicamentos (p=0,0156) e reconhecimento de \"fraqueza\" como um sintoma da hiperglicemia (p=0,0386). A variável de autocuidado com a doença apresentou resultado negativo no item sobre a prática de exercício físico específico, ao diminuir o valor médio após o programa educativo (p=0,0445). O escore médio de conhecimento sobre a doença aumentou após o programa educativo (p>0,05). Para a autoeficácia, a média total da escala diminuiu após o programa educativo, no T0 a média foi de 1,67 (DP=0,72) e no T12 1,55 (DP=0,51). O programa educativo contribuiu, de maneira positiva, para as variáveis da automonitorização da glicemia capilar, autocuidado com o diabetes mellitus e conhecimento sobre a doença. Observou-se aumento no valor do escore médio em seis itens da autoeficácia no T12. Os resultados mostraram contribuições positivas para as pessoas na realização da automonitorização da glicemia capilar, como forma de manter o controle da doençaThis is a quasi-experimental study that aimed to evaluate the contributions of an educational program focused on the self-monitoring of capillary glycemia for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus developed in an outpatient unit of a tertiary-level hospital in the interior of São Paulo in a sample of 25 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The educational program lasted 12 months, structured with five meetings. Of the five meetings, two were individual and used to collect data, in the two study times, which occurred before and after the educational program, respectively; and three meetings in the group modality, in which the educational interventions were developed by means of visual and interactive tools, with emphasis on the concept of self-efficacy of Social Cognitive Theory. All the participants received seven educational reinforcements by telephonic contact, about topics discussed in the groups. The study was composed these variables: of sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometrics, laboratory tests, selfmonitoring of capillary glycemia, self-care, knowledge about the disease and selfefficacy. The characterization data of the sample were presented by means of descriptive statistics and the analyzes between the times before and after the participation of the educational program were held by means of the tests of Wilcoxon and McNemar, with the level of statistical significance 5%. In the characterization of the sample, there was a predominance of male 14 (56.0%), elderly adults with average of 60.16 (SD = 8.58) years old, average diagnosis time of 17,28 (SD = 8.22) years. The laboratory test for fasting glycemia increased in T12 and glycated hemoglobin maintained the same average value after the educational program. In the selfmonitoring of capillary glycemia, there were indicative results of improvement of the parameters, after participation in the educational program, for the items related to knowledge of the value of postprandial blood glucose (p = 0.0039), interpretation of capillary glycemia results with meals and medications (p = 0.0156), and recognition of \"weakness\" as a symptom of hyperglycemia (p = 0.0386). The self-care variable with the disease presented a negative result in the item on the practice of specific physical exercise, decreasing the average value after the educational program decreased (p = 0.0445). The average score of knowledge about the disease increased after the educational program (p> 0.05). For self-efficacy, the total average of the scale decreased after the educational program, at T0 the average was 1.67 (SD = 0.72) and at T12 1.55 (SD = 0.51). The educational program contributed positively to the variables of self-monitoring of capillary glycemia, self-care with diabetes mellitus and knowledge about the disease. There was an increase in the value of the average score in six items of self-efficacy in T12. The results showed positive contributions to people in the selfmonitoring of capillary glycemia as a way to maintain control of the diseas

Adherence to diabetes mellitus care at three levels of health care

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate adherence to self-care among people with diabetes mellitus cared for at the three levels of health care. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study addressing a sample of 143 people from a city in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil from primary (45), secondary (48) and tertiary (50) units. Adherence to self-care was assessed using the "The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure" and "Measurement of Treatment Adherence". Results: Adherence to exercises, blood glucose monitoring, shoe inspection, and the use of insulin differed between units; better results were obtained for those in tertiary care. Conclusion: The results indicate a need for greater investment in the initial phase of treatment to improve self-care adherence. Implications for practice: The study enabled identifying the profile of individuals in terms of self-care adherence and supporting the planning of nursing interventions in diabetes mellitus

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)