Dešimtmečio po lietuviškos spaudos atgavimo aritmetikos vadovėlių panorama

In 1904 with the lifting of the ban on Lithuanian publications by Russian czar government and in 1906 with giving the permit to teach arithmetics in mother tongue at primary schools the legal publishing of Lithuanian arithmetic textbooks started. Already in 1906 even three arithmetic textbooks were published. These were two parts of  ``Arithmetic Taskbook“ by Pranas Mašiotas, the first part of  ``Collection of Arithmetic Tasks and Examples“ by Petras Bendorius and Pranas Daugirda and two parts of translated from Polish  ``Arithmetic Tasks and Examples“ by Stanislaw Thom. All the books step by step explained in the Lithuanian language four arithmetic operations up to ten, later a hundred and finally up to a thousand.In 1909 two important books were published: the second part of the textbook by Petras Bendorius and Pranas Daugirda and ``Elementary Arithmetics“ by Petras Mikolainis. The latter textbook could be distinguished for methodical instructions.In 1909–1916 Juozas Damijonaitis prepared and published two parts of  ``Arithmetic Textbook“. The book was recompiled into three parts during the period of the Republic of Lithuania (in 1918–1940). It became popular and was constantly republished.When forming of arithmetic basics was coming to end in 1916 ``The Short Science of Arithmetics“ by S. Thom (1916) appeared in the Lithuanian language, where the theory of arithmetics was presented.Santraukos nėra

Akademikas Jonas Kubilius: darbai, pašvęsti Lietuvos matematikos istorijai

The rise of the Lithuanian mathematical school in the second half of the 20th century is associated with the development of probability theory and its application, and the foundations of that school were insightfully laid by the famous Lithuanian mathematician Jonas Kubilius. However, the academician also had a second vocation – the history of mathematics. At the end of the 20th century, he purposefully researched the mathematical legacy of the poet, bishop A. Baranauskas, recognizing him as the first Lithuanian mathematician researcher of the second half of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 21st century, J. Kubilius undertook a detailed implementation of the idea of a work in the history of Lithuanian mathematics. For this purpose, an informal group of specialists was convened, the content of the work was planned, and the research-based book series ``From the History of Lithuanian Mathematics'' was published. The fourth book in this series, Mathematics in Lithuanian Higher Education Institutions in 1921–1944, presents the research of an academic who reveals the situation of mathematics in universities in Kaunas and Vilnius. In addition, the memoirs of mathematics history by J. Kubilius, dedicated to mathematicians Z. Žemaitis, G. Žilinskas and V. Statulevičius, should be mentioned. The article, at the end of which fragments of the author's memories are presented, is dedicated to the centenary of the birth of Academician J. Kubilius.Šiame straipsnyje nušviečiama akademiko, ilgamečio Vilniaus universiteto rektoriaus, garsaus matematiko Jono Kubiliaus (1921–2011) darbuotė, skirta Lietuvos matematikos istorijos krypčiai. Pastaroji akademiko veikla dažnai įvardijama antruoju jo (po tikimybinės skaičių teorijos) pašaukimu. Straipsnis, kurio pabaigoje pateiktos autoriaus prisiminimų nuotrupos, skiriamas akademiko J. Kubiliaus gimimo šimtmečiui

Samuel Dickstein i jego publikacja o rozprawie magisterskiej Ignacego Domeyki na Uniwersytecie Wileńskim

Samuel Dickstein founded the journal Wiadomości Matematyczne in Warszaw, of which he edited and published 47 volumes in the years 1897–1939. One of them (volume XXV, 1921) presented the scientific work (thesis) of the famous 19th century scholar and teacher – Ignacy Domeyko (1802–1889). It was written in 1822 to obtain a master’s degree in philosophy at University of Vilna (Wilno, now Vilnius). The original manuscript of I. Domeyko is has not been preserved. This report reveals the circumstances and content of the master’s dissertation written by I. Domeyko.Samuel Dickstein założył czasopismo Wiadomości Matematyczne w Warszawie, a w latach 1897–1939 redagował i publikował 47 tomów. W jednym z nich (tom XXV, 1921) zaprezentowano pracę naukową (praca magisterska) słynnego XIX wieku uczonego i nauczyciela – Ignacego Domeyko (1802–1889), który został napisany w 1822 roku w celu uzyskania tytułu magistra filozofii na Uniwersytecie w Vilna (Wilno, obecnie Vilnius). Oryginalny rękopis I. Domeyko zniknął. Artykuł ten ujawnia okoliczności i treść pracy magisterskiej napisanej przez I. Domeyko

Vilnietiškasis Euklido „Pradmenų“ leidimas

200 years ago in Vilnius the famous Elements by Euclid was set in print in the Polish language. The translationwas made by professorof mathematics Jozef Czech (1762–1810) and published in J. Zawadski’s printing house in 1807. This publication consisted of 8 books, i.e., the first six, eleventh and twelfth books on planimetry and stereometry. In 1817 the Elements was published once more. The fact that Euclid’s Elements appeared in print inVilnius can be discussedfrom two viewpoints. First, the society of the former Commonwealth of the Two Nations could get access to the heritage of antiquity. Second, the treatise was translated and published later then in other European countries. As a result, the Elements did not become the only textbook on geometry

Antanas Matulevičius ir jo peterburgietiškas „Aritmetikos uždavinynas“

A. Matulevičius is one of the graduates of Veiveriai Teachers’ Seminary who became known for writing textbooks of mathematics in Lithuanian. His two-part “Textbook of Arithmetic” (Petersburg, 1916) was designed for teaching operations with numbers from first decade till one thousand. In the textbook he also introduced fractions and operations with them. Textbook material was presented concentrically to follow a method of  purposeful tasks. Thus, the textbook included a great deal of practical tasks. Although only several of the terms given in the textbook became officially used in the Lithuanian language, they reflect historical development of the creation of Lithuanian terminology and are important from this point of view.Lietuviškų matematikos vadovėlių leidyba nesustojo pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais. Jie buvo leidžiami ne tik Lietuvoje. 1916 m. Peterburge pasirodė dviejų dalių „Aritmetikos uždavinynas“, apie kurį monografijoje yra rašęs A. Ažubalis [1]. Šiuo straipsniu bus ne tik apžvelgtas vadovėlis, bet ir pristatyti pagrindiniai jo autoriaus A. Matulevičiaus biografijos faktai. &nbsp

Matematika Aukštuosiuose kursuose Kaune: studijos ir dėstytojai

Notwithstanding unfavorable international context for Lithuania, which was caused by battles for Lithuania’s independence, and difficulties of public life related to that context, in 1920–1922 High Courses in Kaunas lay the foundation for Lithuanian University, which was established on February 16, 1922. The staff of High Courses, i.e. lecturers of mathematics (Z. Žemaitis, J. Graurogkas, etc.) formed the mathematical kernel of Lithuanian University to be opened. The first participants of High Courses became students of mathematic studies. The first teaching aids and books were purchased and accommodation for studies was found. It was the base for the university. Thus, High Courses performed the role of a predecessor of Lithuanian University. The departments formed at High Courses marked the beginning of the founding of the University and its Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.Aukštieji kursai, gyvavę 1920–1922 m. Kaune, tapo Lietuvos universiteto pirmtaku. Juose veikusių šešių skyrių tarpe buvo matematikos–fizikos skyrius, kur numatytos ir matematikos studijos. Šiame straipsnyje aptariamos AK veiklos sąlygos, nušviečiamos matematikos studijos, supažindinama su juose dirbusiais matematikos lektoriais, parodoma klausytojų sudėtis

A. Bendiko (1867–1939) „Didžiasis Žemaiczių ir Lietuvos Elementorius“ – aritmetikos pradmenų šaltinis

A. Bendikas is the great book spreader, the publisher of Lithuanian calendars, a teacher in secret Lithuanian schools. In 1906, A. Bendikas published “The ABC book” which is different from other similar works by paying attention to the development of arithmetic basics. The book was not designed only to familiarization with Arabic, Roman numerals and multiplication table but it also presented the teaching of all four arithmetic operations. In familiarizing with four arithmetic operations, the emphasis was put on the method of purposeful tasks and oral tasks which fostered logical mastering of operations and developed students’ thinking.A. Bendikas – žymus knygnešys, lietuviškų kalendorių leidėjas, daraktorius, 1906 m. išleidęs „Elementorių“, kuris išsiskiria iš kitų XX a.pr. panašaus pobūdžio leidinių dėmesiu aritmetikos pradmenų ugdymui. Pastarasis leidinys matematikos istorikų iki šiol nebuvo tyrinėtas, todėl straipsnyje išryškinama „Elementoriaus“, kaip aritmetikos pradmenų šaltinio reikšmė lietuviškam švietimui

Lietuvių mokslo kursai Vilniuje ir matematikos pėdsakai juose

Lithuania and sheds light on attempts by the Lithuanian public to revive higher education studies in Vilnius from 1919 to 1921. According to the remaining sets of documents it is possible to testify about the existing traces of mathematics in the projects of the restored Vilnius University or organized higher education courses.    Šiame straipsnyje autorius sugrįžta prie savo tyrinėjimų iš matematikos istorijos  Lietuvoje ištakų ir nušviečia lietuvių šviesuomenės mėginimus atgaivinti aukštojo mokslo studijas Vilniuje 1919–1921 m. Pagal išlikusių dokumentų rinkinius galima paliudyti apie esamus matematikos pėdsakus atkuriamo Vilniaus universiteto projektuose ar organizuojamuose Aukštuosiuose mokslo kursuose.  &nbsp

Lietuviškų matematikos studijų preliudija: Aukštieji kursai Kaune

As soon as the young Lithuanian state was formed, the international situation was unfavorable (the war of independence took place) and as a result its internal life was burdened by difficulties. Therefore, the Lithuanian intelligentsia (one of their leading mathematicians Z. Žemaitis) took the initiative to organize Higher Courses (AK) in the temporary capital Kaunas. These universal courses, equivalent to the type of higher education institution (university), existed in 1920– 1922. According to the adopted statute, there were six chapters covering the basic sciences - humanities, social sciences and natural or real sciences. The existence of the latter sciences was evidenced by the Department of Mathematics and Physics, where there was an opportunity to study mathematics in Lithuanian. This article shows the circumstances of the establishment of AK, the conditions of their activity, introduces the lecturers of mathematics and shows the composition of the listeners, as well as reveals the content of mathematics studies and names the literature used for studies. During the two years of AK's existence, a solid foundation was laid for the future Lithuanian University (since 1930 – Vytautas Magnus). The staff formed consisted mainly of 1922. the core of the developing university, and the first scientific aids, books and premises were acquired - the base of the higher school. For the first time in its history, AK turned Kaunas into a university city, and the departments operating in them laid the foundations for the establishment of the university, as well as the Faculty of Mathematics.Aukštieji kursai (AK), gyvavę Kaune 1920–1922 m., tapo ne tik pirmojo lietuviško universiteto pirmtaku, bet ir mūsų laikinąją sostinę pavertė universitetiniu miestu. Lietuvių šviesuomenės iniciatyva įsteigtuose AK pagal priimtąjį statutą buvo numatyti šeši skyriai, aprėpiantys pagrindinius – humanitarinius, socialinius ir gamtos ar realinius mokslus. Pastarųjų mokslų gyvavimą liudijo Matematikos–fizikos skyrius, kuriame atsirado galimybė lietuviškai studijuoti matematiką. Šiame straipsnyje parodomos AK įkūrimo aplinkybės, jų veiklos sąlygos, supažindinama su dirbusiais matematikos dalykų lektoriais ir parodoma klausytojų sudėtis, o taip pat atskleidžiamas matematikos studijų turinys bei įvardijama studijoms naudota literatūra

Bronislovas Ketarauskas (1905–1978) – aukštosios matematikos vadovelio išeivijoje autorius

B. Ketarauskas successfully finished mathematics studies at Vytautas Magnus University in 1931 and at the end of the World War II retreated to the West, where not only was he distinguished as a talented pedagogue,but in 1947 his „The Basics of Differential and Integral Calculus“ was publishedfor the second time, too. This two-part textbook covered the main topical areas of higher mathematics, i.e., mathematical limits, derivatives, differentials, definite and indefinite integrals. The text in the book abounds in illustrative material. It enables the student to obtain essential knowledge in higher mathematics. Presumably, this textbook can also be useful in nowadays.Straipsnyje aptariamas vienintelis lietuvių išeivijoje, 1947 metais pasirodęs aukštosios matematikos vadovėlis – „Diferencialinio ir integralinio skaičiavimo pagrindai“ ir supažindinama su jo autoriumi matematiku Bronislovu Ketarausku (1905–1978)