Компьютерное моделирование механизмов плавления наночастиц металлов различной формы

The report presents the basic models describing the melting temperature of nanomaterials based on different concepts of the structure of matter. It takes under consideration some drawbacks described models. Methods of computer experiment show the effect of the matrix and forms of nanoparticle on its melting point. Some mechanisms of melting metal nanoparticles of different shapes are described. Thermodynamic models give a qualitative description of the melting temperature of nanomate-rials, not taking into account any impact form nanoparticles, nor matrix in which the nanoparticle is, thus showing that the sample temperature will decrease with decreasing the size of nanoparticles. Statistical models take into account these effects and show that the melting temperature of the nanoparticles can either increase or decrease with decreasing the size of nanoparticles.В работе приведены основные модели описания температуры плавления наноматериалов основанные на различных представлениях о строении вещества. Указаны недостатки описываемых моделей. Методами компьютерного эксперимента показано влияние матрицы и формы наночастицы на ее температуру плавления, предложены механизмы плавления наночастиц металлов различной формы

Adipokines and Inflammation: Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases

It is well established that adipose tissue, apart from its energy storage function, acts as an endocrine organ that produces and secretes a number of bioactive substances, including hormones commonly known as adipokines. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to a low grade of inflammation and the excessive fat accumulation produced in this state. The adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity leads to an aberrant release of adipokines, some of them with direct cardiovascular and inflammatory regulatory functions. Inflammation is a common link between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, so this review will summarise the role of the main adipokines implicated in the regulation of the inflammatory processes occurring under the scenario of cardiovascular diseases

Impacto de la captura ilegal en pesquerías artesanales bentónicas bajo el régimen de co-manejo: el caso de Isla Mocha, Chile

El régimen de Áreas de Manejo y Explotación de Recursos Bentónicos (AMERB) en Chile, considerado uno de los más grandes experimentos de co-manejo a escala global, enfrenta aún amenazas como el robo de recursos. En las AMERB dedicadas al recurso 'loco' (Concholepas concholepas) la administración pesquera establece capturas totales permisibles suponiendo robos nulos, comprometiendo asi su sustentabilidad. Tomando como caso de estudio las AMERB dedicadas al recurso 'loco' en la Isla Mocha, mediante entrevistas a usuarios de AMERB, consultas a autoridades fiscalizadoras, y acopio de data secundaria, se reconstruyó una serie anual de robos, se simuló el impacto bio-económico del robo en una AMERB, y se sistematizó la opinión de los usuarios sobre las causas del robo y sus posibles soluciones. Los robos representan entre 32-68% de los ingresos brutos anuales históricos de las AMERB. Según las proyecciones bio-económicas, un stock de 'loco' en AMERB seria resiliente a toda combinación de niveles propuestos de 'Robo', 'Reglas de Cosecha' y 'Precios de Loco', excepto ante un 'Robo Descontrolado' (i.e., doble de la tasa de mortalidad por robo máxima histórica) que agota la pesquería formal. Los usuarios de AMERB consideran más grave al robo realizado por pescadores no-isleños respecto del robo isleño, identificando incentivos comunes a ambos; esperan mayor acción del Estado sobre los infractores no-isleños, y confían más en sus propias organizaciones para controlar a los infractores isleños. Para combatir los robos en AMERB se propone mitigar sus incentivos socio-económicos, asignar en algunos casos derechos exclusivos de acceso territorial a las organizaciones asignatarias, y definir estrategias contra las operaciones ilegales previa conciliación de objetivos entre autoridades y grupos de interés

Asthma Academy for Family Caregivers: A Quality Improvement Project

Asthma affects one in every 12 children in United States with significant prevalence in underserved groups. Family caregiver education is essential to improve childhood asthma control. The literature suggests that family caregivers' lack of knowledge about asthma management affects their children's health outcomes. An evidence-based education program that improves caregivers' asthma knowledge may improve the family's well-being. The goal of the Asthma Academy project is to improve the disease management of children with asthma by providing an in-person family caregiver education program. The main objectives are to (a) improve family caregivers' asthma knowledge, (b) enhance their confidence in asthma management, and (c) evaluate caregivers' satisfaction with the education program. This quality improvement project used an in-person educational program with an asthma education video resource for caregivers of children with asthma. The family caregivers' asthma knowledge improved significantly after the education. The confidence levels in caring for children with asthma increased. Caregivers' satisfaction with the Asthma Academy education session was favorable. The Asthma Academy was an acceptable and effective delivery method of education for family caregivers of children with asthma in the in-patient setting. Empowering family caregivers of vulnerable children through asthma education may improve child health outcomes and mitigate complications from asthma. Nurses and clinicians are steward of providing patient education. Individualized, patient-tailored education is recommended

Computer modeling of the mechanisms of melting metal nanoparticles of different shapes

В работе приведены основные модели описания температуры плавления наноматериалов, основанные на различных представлениях о строении вещества. Указаны недостатки описываемых моделей. Методами компьютерного эксперимента показано влияние матрицы и формы наночастицы на ее температуру плавления, предложены механизмы плавления наночастиц металлов различной формы. Термодинамические модели дают качественное описание температуры плавления наноматериалов, не учитывая влияния ни формы наночастицы, ни матрицы, в которой эта наночастица находится, тем самым показывая, что температура образца будет уменьшаться с уменьшением размера наночастицы. Статистические модели учитывают эти влияния и показывают, что температура плавления наночастиц может как увеличиваться, так и уменьшаться с уменьшением размера наночастицы.The report presents the basic models describing the melting temperature of nanomaterials based on different concepts of the structure of matter. It takes under consideration some drawbacks described models. Methods of computer experiment show the effect of the matrix and forms of nanoparticle on its melting point. Some mechanisms of melting metal nanoparticles of different shapes are described. Thermodynamic models give a qualitative description of the melting temperature of nanomate-rials, not taking into account any impact form nanoparticles, nor matrix in which the nanoparticle is, thus showing that the sample temperature will decrease with decreasing the size of nanoparticles. Statistical models take into account these effects and show that the melting temperature of the nanoparticles can either increase or decrease with decreasing the size of nanoparticles