1,365 research outputs found

    Incompatible sets of gradients and metastability

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    We give a mathematical analysis of a concept of metastability induced by incompatibility. The physical setting is a single parent phase, just about to undergo transformation to a product phase of lower energy density. Under certain conditions of incompatibility of the energy wells of this energy density, we show that the parent phase is metastable in a strong sense, namely it is a local minimizer of the free energy in an L1L^1 neighbourhood of its deformation. The reason behind this result is that, due to the incompatibility of the energy wells, a small nucleus of the product phase is necessarily accompanied by a stressed transition layer whose energetic cost exceeds the energy lowering capacity of the nucleus. We define and characterize incompatible sets of matrices, in terms of which the transition layer estimate at the heart of the proof of metastability is expressed. Finally we discuss connections with experiment and place this concept of metastability in the wider context of recent theoretical and experimental research on metastability and hysteresis.Comment: Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, to appea

    Saturation Physics in Negative- and Positive-Triangularity Plasmas

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    Electromagnetic Form Factors of Charged and Neutral Kaons

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    The charged and neutral kaon form factors are calculated as a phenomenological application of the QCD Dyson-Schwinger equations. The results are compared with the pion form factor calculated in the same framework and yield \mbox{FK±(Q2)>Fπ±(Q2)F_{K^\pm}(Q^2) > F_{\pi^\pm}(Q^2)} on \mbox{Q2[0,3]Q^2\in[0,3]~GeV2^2}; and a neutral kaon form factor that is similar in form and magnitude to the neutron charge form factor. These results are sensitive to the difference between the kaon and pion Bethe-Salpeter amplitude and the uu- and ss-quark propagation characteristics.Comment: 11 Pages, 2 figures, REVTEX, uses epsfig. No chang

    Phenomenology of the Heavy Flavored spin 3/2 Baryons in Light Cone QCD

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    Motivated by the results of the recent experimental discoveries for charm and bottom baryons, the masses and magnetic moments of the heavy baryons with JP=3/2+J^P=3/2^+ containing a single heavy quark are studied within light cone QCD sum rules method. Our results on the masses of heavy baryons are in good agreement with predictions of other approaches, as well as with the existing experimental data.Comment: 12 Pages, 18 Figures and 3 Tables. Based on: arXiv:0807.3481v2 [hep-ph](Nucl.Phys.B808:137-154,2009). To be Published in the Proceeding of the International Conference on New Trends in High Energy Physics, 27 Sept.-4 Oct. 2008, Yalta, Crimea, Ukrain

    Fantastic plastic? Experimental evaluation of polyurethane bone substitutes as proxies for human bone in trauma simulations

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    Recent years have seen steady improvements in the recognition and interpretation of violence related injuries in human skeletal remains. Such work has at times benefited from the involvement of biological anthropologists in forensic casework and has often relied upon comparison of documented examples with trauma observed in skeletal remains. In cases where no such example exists investigators must turn to experimentation. The selection of experimental samples is problematic as animal proxies may be too dissimilar to humans and human cadavers may be undesirable for a raft of reasons. The current article examines a third alternative in the form of polyurethane plates and spheres marketed as viable proxies for human bone in ballistic experiments. Through subjecting these samples to a range of impacts from both modern and archaic missile weapons it was established that such material generally responds similarly to bone on a broad, macroscopic scale but when examined in closer detail exhibits a range of dissimilarities that call for caution in extrapolating such results to real bone

    Rare Decays of \Lambda_b->\Lambda + \gamma and \Lambda_b ->\Lambda + l^{+} l^{-} in the Light-cone Sum Rules

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    Within the Standard Model, we investigate the weak decays of ΛbΛ+γ\Lambda_b \to \Lambda + \gamma and ΛbΛ+l+l\Lambda_b \to \Lambda + l^{+} l^{-} with the light-cone sum rules approach. The higher twist distribution amplitudes of Λ\Lambda baryon to the leading conformal spin are included in the sum rules for transition form factors. Our results indicate that the higher twist distribution amplitudes almost have no influences on the transition form factors retaining the heavy quark spin symmetry, while such corrections can result in significant impacts on the form factors breaking the heavy quark spin symmetry. Two phenomenological models (COZ and FZOZ) for the wave function of Λ\Lambda baryon are also employed in the sum rules for a comparison, which can give rise to the form factors approximately 5 times larger than that in terms of conformal expansion. Utilizing the form factors calculated in LCSR, we then perform a careful study on the decay rate, polarization asymmetry and forward-backward asymmetry, with respect to the decays of ΛbΛγ\Lambda_b \to \Lambda \gamma, Λl+l\Lambda l^{+}l^{-}.Comment: 38 pages, 15 figures, some typos are corrected and more references are adde

    Convergence of the critical attractor of dissipative maps: Log-periodic oscillations, fractality and nonextensivity

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    For a family of logistic-like maps, we investigate the rate of convergence to the critical attractor when an ensemble of initial conditions is uniformly spread over the entire phase space. We found that the phase space volume occupied by the ensemble W(t) depicts a power-law decay with log-periodic oscillations reflecting the multifractal character of the critical attractor. We explore the parametric dependence of the power-law exponent and the amplitude of the log-periodic oscillations with the attractor's fractal dimension governed by the inflexion of the map near its extremal point. Further, we investigate the temporal evolution of W(t) for the circle map whose critical attractor is dense. In this case, we found W(t) to exhibit a rich pattern with a slow logarithmic decay of the lower bounds. These results are discussed in the context of nonextensive Tsallis entropies.Comment: 8 pages and 8 fig

    Form factors of heavy-to-light B decays at large recoil

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    General relations between the form factors of B decays to light mesons are derived using the heavy quark and large recoil expansion. On their basis the complete account of contributions of second order in the ratio of the light meson mass to the large recoil energy is performed. Both ground and excited final meson states are considered. It is shown that most of the known form factor relations remain valid after the inclusion of quadratic mass corrections. The validity of some of such relations requires additional equalities for the helicity amplitudes. It is found that all these relations and equalities are fulfilled in the relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach in quantum field theory. The contribution of 1/m_b corrections to the branching fraction of the rare radiative B decay is discussed.Comment: 23 pages, revte

    Charmless Two-body Baryonic B Decays

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    We study charmless two-body baryonic B decays in a diagramatic approach. Relations on decay amplitudes are obtained. In general there are more than one tree and more than one penguin amplitudes. The number of independent amplitudes can be reduced in the large m_B limit. It leads to more predictive results. Some prominent modes for experimental searches are pointed out.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.
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