Kamu denetçiliği kurumu kararlarında denetim ölçütü olarak kullanılan iyi yönetim ilkeleri

Bu çalışmada iyi yönetim ilkeleri olarak adlandırılanilkelerin kamu denetçiliği kurumu tarafından uygulamadanasıl yorumlandığı incelenmiştir. Böyleceiyi yönetim ilkelerinin idarenin yargı dışı denetiminde,denetim ölçütü olarak nasıl bir işlevininolduğu ve nasıl geliştirilebileceğinin ortaya konulmasıamaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle idareninyargı dışı denetimi ve bu denetim içinde ombudsmandenetimin yeri ve önemi ifade edilmiştir. İkinciolarak iyi yönetim ilkeleri sınıflandırılmış ve kamudenetçiliği kurumunun seçilmiş kararlarında iyi yönetimilkelerinin denetim ölçütü olarak uygulamasıincelenmiştir.6328 sayılı kamu denetçiliği kurumu kanununda iyiyönetim ilkelerine doğrudan yer verilmemiştir. İyiyönetim ilkeleri, kamu denetçiliği kurumunu kanunununuygulama yönetmeliğinde düzenlenmiştir.Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu Kanununun Uygulanmasınaİlişkin Usul ve Esaslar Hakkında Yönetmeliğin“iyi yönetim ilkeleri” başlıklı 6. maddesinde iyi yönetimilkeleri; kanunlara uygunluk, ayrımcılığın önlenmesi,ölçülülük, yetkinin kötüye kullanılmaması, eşitlik, tarafsızlık, dürüstlük, nezaket, şeffaflık, hesapverilebilirlik, haklı beklentiye uygunluk, kazanılmışhakların korunması, dinlenilme hakkı, savunmahakkı, bilgi edinme hakkı, makul sürede karar verme,kararların gerekçeli olması, karara karşı başvuruyollarının gösterilmesi, kararın geciktirilmeksizinbildirilmesi, kişisel verilerin korunması olarak sayılmıştır.Madde metninden, iyi yönetim ilkelerinin busayılanlarla sınırlı olmadığı da görülmektedir.Sonuç olarak kamu denetçiliği kurumunun idareyedönük şikâyetlerin incelerken önce hukuka vehakkaniyete uygunluk ve ikinci olarak da iyiyönetim ilkelerine uygunluk yönünden incelediğigörülmüştür. İyi yönetim ilkelerinin etkili olması vekurumsallaşması için kamu 6328 sayılı yasa içindetemel bir denetim türü olarak düzenlenmelidir.İdarenin iyi yönetim ilkelerine uymaması durumundakamu denetçiliği kurumuna gerekçe bildirmesizorunlu hale getirilmelidir. Kamu denetçiliği kurumununiyi yönetim ilkeleri ile ilgili idareye dönükeğitim ve yayım faaliyetleri artırılmalıdır. İdareleriniyi yönetim ilkelerine uyumu ile ilgili performansraporları hazırlanmalıdır. Kamu baş denetçisi vedenetçilerin iyi yönetim ilkelerini en çok ihlal edenkurumları ziyaret etmesinin iyi yönetim ilkelerineuyma düzeyini arttıracağı değerlendirilmiştir. Böylecekamu denetçiliği kurumunun hukuk devletianlayışına sağlayacağı katkı artmış olacaktır.In this study, how the named as good administration principles are interpreted in practice by the ombudsman institution has been examined. Thus, it is aimed to reveal how the principles of good governance function as an review criterion and how it can be improved in the nonjudicial review of the administration. In the study, primarily, the nonjudicial review of the administration and the role and importance of the ombudsman review in this control are expressed. Secondly, good administration principles are classified and the application of good administration as a review criterion in selected decisions of the ombudsman institution is examined. Good administration principles are not directly included in the ombudsman institution law number 6328. The principles of good administration are regulated in the Application by law of the ombudsman institution law. Good administration principles in article 6 titled “good administration principles” of the by law on Procedures and Principles Regarding the Implementation of the Law on Ombudsman Institution; lawfulness, preventing discrimination, proportionality, misuse of powers, equality, impartiality, honesty, courtesy, transparency, accountability, legitimate expectations, protection of acquired rights, right to be heard, right to defense, right to information, decision in reasonable time, reasoned decisions It was counted as showing the application ways against the decision, notifying the decision without delay, and protecting personal data. It is also seen from the text of the article that the principles of good governance are not limited to these. As a result, it was seen that the ombudsman institution examined the complaints about administration first in terms of compliance with law and equity, and secondly, compliance with good administration principles. In case the administrations act against the principles of good administration, it should be made compulsory to inform the ombudsman institution. Education activity and publication related to administration regarding the good administration principles of the ombudsman institution should be increased. Performance reports on administrations’ level of adaptation with good administration principles should be prepared. It has been evaluated that Ombudsman and auditors visiting the institutions that violate good administration principles the most and will increase the level of adaptation with good administration principles. Thus, the contribution of the ombudsman institution to the of the rule of law will be increased

Stable Coexistence or Competitive Exclusion? Fern Endophytes Demonstrate rapid Turnover favoring a dominant fungus

Fungal endophytes are critical members of the plant microbiome, but their community dynamics throughout an entire growing season are underexplored. Additionally, most fungal endophyte research has centred on seed-reproducing hosts, while spore-reproducing plants also host endophytes and may be colonized by unique community members. In order to examine annual fungal endophyte community dynamics in a spore-reproducing host, we explored endophytes in a single population of ferns, Polystichum munitum, in the Pacific Northwest. Through metabarcoding, we characterized the community assembly and temporal turnover of foliar endophytes throughout a growing season. From these results, we selected endophytes with outsized representations in sequence data and performed in vitro competition assays. Finally, we inoculated sterile fern gametophytes with dominant fungi observed in the field and determined their effects on host performance. Sequencing demonstrated that ferns were colonized by a diverse community of fungal endophytes in newly emerged tissue, but diversity decreased throughout the season leading to the preponderance of a single fungus in later sampling months. This previously undescribed endophyte appears to abundantly colonize the host to the detriment of other microfungi. Competition assays on a variety of media types failed to demonstrate that the dominant fungus was competitive against other fungi isolated from the same hosts, and inoculation onto sterile fern gametophytes did not alter growth compared to sterile controls, suggesting its effects are not antagonistic. The presence of this endophyte in the fern population probably demonstrates a case of repeated colonization driving competitive exclusion of other fungal community members

Genotypic Diversity and Host-Specificity of Frankia Bacteria Associated with Sympatric Populations of Alnus rubra and Alnus rhombifolia in Oregon

Biological nitrogen fixation is one of the most critical processes contributing to ecosystem productivity and stability on a global scale. In temperate climates of the northern hemisphere, plant-root associated bacteria of the genus Frankia are the major nitrogen fixers in forest environments. Trees belonging to the genus Alnus are the most widespread hosts of Frankia in the Pacific Northwest, and a myriad of biotic and abiotic factors can influence the robustness of this symbiosis. Host identity and bacterial strain are important features that can impact Alnus-Frankia association, but little is known about the interplay of intrageneric hosts that co-occur in natural settings. In this study we investigated the genetic diversity and host specificity of Frankia bacteria associated with sympatrically occurring populations of Alnus rubra (red alder) and Alnus rhombifolia (white alder) in Oregon. Based on sequence analysis of the nifH gene recovered from root nodules we found low overall bacterial diversity. One dominant Frankia genotype was associated with both host species, indicating a lack of strong host specificity in this system. Our results suggest that certain intrageneric plant hosts with overlapping distributions show cross-compatibility with symbiotic actinorhizal bacteria, and that low strain diversity of these bacteria can persist across mixed host populations

Species-Specific Effects of Passive Warming in an Antarctic Moss System

Polar systems are experiencing rapid climate change and the high sensitivity of these Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems make them especially vulnerable to accelerated ecological transformation. In Antarctica, warming results in a mosaic of ice-free terrestrial habitats dominated by a diverse assemblage of cryptogamic plants (i.e. mosses and lichens). Although these plants provide key habitat for a wide array of microorganisms and invertebrates, we have little understanding of the interaction between trophic levels in this terrestrial ecosystem and whether there are functional effects of plant species on higher trophic levels that may alter with warming. Here, we used open top chambers on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, to examine the effects of passive warming and moss species on the abiotic environment and ultimately on higher trophic levels. For the dominant mosses, Polytrichastrum alpinum and Sanionia georgicouncinata, we found species-specific effects on the abiotic environment, including moss canopy temperature and soil moisture. In addition, we found distinct shifts in sexual expression in P. alpinum plants under warming compared to mosses without warming, and invertebrate communities in this moss species were strongly correlated with plant reproduction. Mosses under warming had substantially larger total invertebrate communities, and some invertebrate taxa were influenced differentially by moss species. However, warmed moss plants showed lower fungal biomass than control moss plants, and fungal biomass differed between moss species. Our results indicate that continued warming may impact the reproductive output of Antarctic moss species, potentially altering terrestrial ecosystems dynamics from the bottom up. Understanding these effects requires clarifying the foundational, mechanistic role that individual plant species play in mediating complex interactions in Antarctica\u27s terrestrial food webs

İnfektif endokarditin epidemiyolojik, klinik ve prognostik sonuçları: 90 atağın retrospektif kohortu

To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, and echocardiographic features, as well as the prognosis and long- term outcome of patients with infective endocarditis. Methods: The clinical records and follow-up data of 90 endocarditis episodes in 86 patients diagnosed with definite and possible infec- tive endocarditis according to the modified Duke criteria in a tertiary university hospital, between 1998 and 2016, were reviewed. Results: Fifty-six patients were male (65.1%), and the mean age was 49.9 ± 14.3. Native valve endocarditis constituted 62.2% of the cases, while the remaining patients had prosthetic valve endocarditis. The aortic (34.4%) and mitral (24.4%) valves were infected more frequently. Streptococci (27.7%) and staphylococci (24.4%) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. Embolic complications (35.5%) were the leading cause of morbidity, followed by valve insufficiency (28.8%) and heart failure (21.1%). Valve replacement surgery was performed in 28 patients (31%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 15.1% (n = 13). Chronic renal failure (P = .042) and degenerative valves (P = .036) were significantly associated with mortality. Among 43 of the 73 cases available for telephonic survey, 36 (83.7%) patients were alive and without disease, with a median follow-up of 52.9 (4-163) months. Twenty-five (69.4%) of these patients were younger than 55 years, and 24 (66.6%) had native valve endocarditis. Conclusion: Underlying cardiac conditions and chronic renal failure increase mortality in infective endocarditis, regardless of the patho- gen. Long-term survival seems promising in cases with native valve endocarditis and in younger patients with low rates of comorbidities.İnfektif endokardit tanısıyla izlenen hastaların epidemiyolojik, klinik, mikrobiyolojik, ekokardiyografik özellikleri, prognozu ve uzun dönem sonuçlarını değerlendirmek. Yöntemler: 1998 ve 2016 yılları arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde modifiye Duke kriterlerine göre kesin ve olası infektif endokardit tanısı konan 86 hastanın 90 endokardit atağının klinik kayıtları ve takip verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda hastaların 56’sı (%65,1) erkek ve ortalama yaş 49,9 ± 14,3 idi. Doğal kapak endokarditi olguların %62,2’sini oluştururken, diğerlerinde protez kapak mevcuttu. En sık aort (%34,4) ve mitral (% 24,4) kapak tutulumu saptandı. Etken olarak strep- tokoklar (%27,7) ve stafilokoklar (%24,4) en sık izole edilen mikroorganizmalardı. Tüm komplikasyonlar içinde embolik komplikasyonlar (%35,5) ilk sırada yer almış, bunu kapak yetmezlikleri (%28,8) ve kalp yetmezliği (%21,1) izlemiştir. Hastaların 28’ine (%31) kapak replasman operasyonu yapılmış ve tüm hastalar içinde 13 hasta (%15,1) hastane takibinde kaybedilmiştir. Mortalite kronik böbrek yetmezliği (P = ,042) ve dejeneratif kapak hastalarında (P = ,036) istatistiksel olarak daha anlamlı bulundu. Taburculuk sonrası prognoz ve uzun dönem sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde sağ kalan 73 hastanın 43’üne ulaşılabilmiş ve bu hastalardan 36’sının (%83,7) ortalama 52,9 ay (4-163) hayatta ve genel durumlarının iyi olduğu, 25 hastanın (%69,4) <55 yaş, 24’ünün (%66,6) doğal kapak endokarditi tanısıyla izlenmiş olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: İnfektif endokardit hastalarında altta yatan kalp hastalıkları ve kronik böbrek yetmezliği patojenden bağımsız olarak mortalit- eyi arttırmaktadır. Doğal kapak endokarditi ve komorbiditeleri daha az olan genç yaş hastalarda ise uzun dönem sağkalım umut verici görünmektedir

Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir plus Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir +/- Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population.Material and Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)+/- ribavirin (RBV) ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir (PrOD)+/- RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, factors affecting SVR, safety profile, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) occurrence were analyzed.Results: SVR12 was achieved in 92.8% of the patients (4,040/4,352) according to intention-to-treat and in 98.3% of the patients (4,040/4,108) according to per-protocol analysis. The SVR12 rates were similar between the treatment regimens (97.2%-100%) and genotypes (95.6%-100%). Patients achieving SVR showed a significant decrease in the mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (50.90 +/- 54.60 U/L to 17.00 +/- 14.50 U/L) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (7.51 +/- 4.54 to 7.32 +/- 3.40) (p<0.05). Of the patients, 2 were diagnosed with HCC during the treatment and 14 were diagnosed with HCC 37.0 +/- 16.0 weeks post-treatment. Higher initial MELD score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.38; p=0.023]), higher hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-2.28; p=0.038), and higher serum ALT levels (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83; p=0.042) were associated with poor SVR12. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12.6%), pruritis (7.3%), increased serum ALT (4.7%) and bilirubin (3.8%) levels, and anemia (3.1%).Conclusion: LDV/SOF or PrOD +/- RBV were effective and tolerable treatments for patients with CHC and with or without advanced liver disease before and after liver transplantation. Although HCV eradication improves the liver function, there is a risk of developing HCC.Turkish Association for the Study of The Liver (TASL

Correction to: Two years later: Is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still having an impact on emergency surgery? An international cross-sectional survey among WSES members

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing and a major challenge for health care services worldwide. In the first WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey, a strong negative impact on emergency surgery (ES) had been described already early in the pandemic situation. However, the knowledge is limited about current effects of the pandemic on patient flow through emergency rooms, daily routine and decision making in ES as well as their changes over time during the last two pandemic years. This second WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey investigates the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ES during the course of the pandemic. Methods: A web survey had been distributed to medical specialists in ES during a four-week period from January 2022, investigating the impact of the pandemic on patients and septic diseases both requiring ES, structural problems due to the pandemic and time-to-intervention in ES routine. Results: 367 collaborators from 59 countries responded to the survey. The majority indicated that the pandemic still significantly impacts on treatment and outcome of surgical emergency patients (83.1% and 78.5%, respectively). As reasons, the collaborators reported decreased case load in ES (44.7%), but patients presenting with more prolonged and severe diseases, especially concerning perforated appendicitis (62.1%) and diverticulitis (57.5%). Otherwise, approximately 50% of the participants still observe a delay in time-to-intervention in ES compared with the situation before the pandemic. Relevant causes leading to enlarged time-to-intervention in ES during the pandemic are persistent problems with in-hospital logistics, lacks in medical staff as well as operating room and intensive care capacities during the pandemic. This leads not only to the need for triage or transferring of ES patients to other hospitals, reported by 64.0% and 48.8% of the collaborators, respectively, but also to paradigm shifts in treatment modalities to non-operative approaches reported by 67.3% of the participants, especially in uncomplicated appendicitis, cholecystitis and multiple-recurrent diverticulitis. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still significantly impacts on care and outcome of patients in ES. Well-known problems with in-hospital logistics are not sufficiently resolved by now; however, medical staff shortages and reduced capacities have been dramatically aggravated over last two pandemic years

Sex-Specific Fungal Communities of the Dioicous Moss Ceratodon purpureus

Mosses display a number of hallmark life history traits that influence their ecology at the population and community level. The long lived separation of sexes observed in the haploid gametophyte (dioicy) is one such feature of particular importance, as it is observed in the majority of bryophytes and creates intraspecific specialization of male and female individuals. The prevalence of sexually dimorphic mosses raises the possibility of sex-specific interactions with fungi as observed in some vascular plants. Here I investigated how moss sex shapes fungal communities associated with gametophytic tissues of the ubiquitous moss, Ceratodon purpureus. Using greenhouse populations of C. purpureus grown in a common garden, I examined fungal community structure and overall abundance of fungal biomass associated with male and female individuals from multiple populations. I hypothesized that individual mosses would harbor unique fungal communities based on their sex, and that overall fungal biomass associated with host tissues would differ significantly due to differences in morphological and physiological characteristics between the sexes. I found that fungal community composition and overall abundance (i.e. biomass) differ between male and female individuals of C. purpureus, and that sex-specific patterns are retained across individuals from three different populations. This work provides a first glance at how genetically based sexual systems in early land plants influence affiliated fungal community composition

Process simulation and paint thickness measurement for robotic spray painting

A method and a computer program are developed for modeling of spray painting process, simulation of robotic spray painting, off-line programming of industrial robots and paint thickness measurement for painting of curved surfaces. The computer program enables the user to determine the painting strategies, parameters and paths. Surface models of the parts that are to be painted are obtained by using a CAD software. For paint thickness measurements, probe of the coating thickness measurement gage is attached to the wrist of the robot by using a feedback/safety adapter designed and manufactured for this purpose. Thicknesses are measured and transferred to the computer automatically. Then, obtained thickness data is processed and comparisons between simulated and measured thicknesses are made

Modeling of paint flow rate flux for elliptical paint sprays by using experimental paint thickness distributions

Purpose - Aims to experimental determination of paint flow rate flux for elliptical paint sprays. Paint flow rate flux distribution is necessary for computer simulation of the spray painting process