Returning to paradise: investigating issues of tourism crisis and disaster recovery on the island of Bali

The past decade has seen the rapid proliferation of theory, literature, and research, in the field of tourism disaster and crisis management, however very few empirical studies of destination recovery consider the pre-crisis context, or extend beyond a particular crisis catalyst and subsequent return to "business as usual". As a longitudinal case study, the island destination of Bali provides insight into tourism crisis vulnerability, particularly in relation to issues of unplanned development and host community over-dependence on tourism revenue. Furthermore, the experience of two separate targeted terrorist attacks on the island reveals a number of challenges and tangible lessons for stakeholders engaged in destination disaster management and crisis recovery. While the restoration of consumer confidence and arrival numbers are often considered to be indicators of successful tourism recovery, the broader disaster management literature advocates for proactive vulnerability reduction premised in sustainable development and comprehensive, integrated disaster risk reduction

Paranormal tourism: assessing tourists' onsite experiences

Paranormal tourism is one of the new forms of special interest tourism. It is defined by tourists' interests in topics which challenge realist ontologies and representational epistemologies. The aims of this study were to outline the facets of tourists' experiences when visiting key sites of paranormal interest in Bali, Indonesia. The work also assessed the way context influences tourists' paranormal experiences. The researchers used the conceptual framework of the Orchestra Model of tourists' experiences to inform this work. Highlights from the comprehensive descriptive assessment include high levels of emotional excitement, joy, and surprise, some specific visual sensations, as well as instances of noteworthy sounds, smells, and tastes. Different settings (ghost versus spiritual sites) affect the tourists' onsite reactions. This foundation study on paranormal tourism contributes to an understanding of the emerging area of paranormal tourism. Through understanding tourists' experiences, this study also offers directions for tourism marketing of relevant destinations