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Genomes, expression profiles, and diversity of mitochondria of the White-footed Deermouse Peromyscus leucopus, reservoir of Lyme disease and other zoonoses.
The cricetine rodents Peromyscus leucopus and P. maniculatus are key reservoirs for several zoonotic diseases in North America. We determined the complete circular mitochondrial genome sequences of representatives of 3 different stock colonies of P. leucopus, one stock colony of P. maniculatus and two wild populations of P. leucopus. The genomes were syntenic with that of the murids Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that these two Peromyscus species are sister taxa in a clade with P. polionotus and also uncovered a distinction between P. leucopus populations in the eastern and the central United States. In one P. leucopus lineage four extended regions of mitochondrial pseudogenes were identified in the nuclear genome. RNA-seq analysis revealed transcription of the entire genome and differences from controls in the expression profiles of mitochondrial genes in the blood, but not in liver or brain, of animals infected with the zoonotic pathogen Borrelia hermsii. PCR and sequencing of the D-loop of the mitochondrion identified 32 different haplotypes among 118 wild P. leucopus at a Connecticut field site. These findings help to further establish P. leucopus as a model organism for studies of emerging infectious diseases, ecology, and in other disciplines
Consumption of Whole Cottonseed and Easiflo?Àó Cottonseed Affect Growth in Red Deer Stags
Last updated: 6/12/200
Electron Capture Strength for {60,62}Ni and {58,60,62,64}Ni(p,n){58,60,62,64}Cu reactions at 134.3 MeV
Background: The strength of electron capture for medium mass nuclei has a
significant effect on the evolution of supernovae. There is insufficient
knowledge of these strengths and very little data for important radioactive
nuclei. Purpose: Determine whether it is feasible to obtain EC strength from
studies of T_o+1 excitations in (p,n) reactions, and whether this might yield
information for radioactive nuclei. Methods: Cross sections for the
{58,60,62,64}Ni(p,n){58,60,62,64}Cu reactions were measured over the angular
range of 0.3 deg to 11.6 deg at 134.3 MeV using the IUCF neutron time-of-flight
facility. esults: The T_o+1 excitations in {60,62}Ni were identified by
comparison with inelastic proton scattering spectra, their B(GT) were
extracted, and the corresponding electron capture rates in supernovae were
calculated. Data from the TRIUMF (n,p) experiments at 198 MeV were reanalyzed;
the electron capture rates for the reanalyzed data are in moderately good
agreement with the higher resolution (p,n) results, but differ in detail. The
possibility of future measurements with radioactive nuclei was considered.
Conclusions: It is possible to determine electron capturestrength from (p,n)
experiments. This approach may make it possible to obtain electron capture
strength for radioactive nuclei by studying (p,n) reactions in inverse
kinematics.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review
Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring Program (BICM) Volume 3: Bathymetry and Historical Seafloor Change 1869-2007 Part 3: Southern Chandeleur Islands and Western Chenier Beaches, Bathymetery Maps
Heavy elements in Galactic and Magellanic Cloud HII regions: recombination-line versus forbidden-line abundances
We have obtained deep optical, long-slit spectrophotometry of the Galactic
HII regions M 17, NGC 3576 and of the Magellanic Cloud HII regions 30 Doradus,
LMC N11B and SMC N66, recording the optical recombination lines (ORLs) of CII,
NII and OII. Temperature-insensitive ORL C2+/O2+ and N2+/O2 ratios are obtained
for all nebulae except SMC N66. The ORL C2+/O2+ ratios show remarkable
agreement within each galactic system, while also being in agreement with the
corresponding CEL ratios. For all five nebulae, the O2+/H+ abundance derived
from multiple OII ORLs is found to be higher than the corresponding value
derived from the strong [OIII] 4959, 5007A CELs, by factors of 1.8--2.7 for
four of the nebulae. The LMC N11B nebula exhibits a more extreme discrepancy
factor for the O2+ ion, ~5. Thus these HII regions exhibit ORL/CEL abundance
discrepancy factors that are similar to those previously encountered amongst
planetary nebulae.
Our optical CEL O2+/H+ abundances agree to within 20-30 per cent with
published O2+/H+ abundances that were obtained from observations of infrared
fine-structure lines. Since the low excitation energies of the latter make them
insensitive to variations about typical nebular temperatures, fluctuations in
temperature are ruled out as the cause of the observed ORL/CEL O2+ abundance
discrepancies. We present evidence that the observed OII ORLs from these HII
regions originate from gas of very similar density (<3500 cm-3) to that
emitting the observed heavy-element optical and infrared CELs, ruling out
models that employ high-density ionized inclusions in order to explain the
abundance discrepancy. We consider a scenario whereby much of the heavy-element
ORL emission originates from cold (<=500 K) metal-rich ionized regions.Comment: 24 pages; 9 figures; accepted by Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Societ
Will opposites attract? Similarities and differences in students' perceptions of the stereotype profiles of other health and social care professional groups
The extent to which health and social care (HSC) students hold stereotypical views of other HSC professional groups is of great potential importance to team working in health care. This paper explores students' perceptions of different HSC professional groups at the beginning of their university programmes. Findings are presented from an analysis of baseline data collected as part of the New Generation Project longitudinal cohort study which is assessing the impact of interprofessional education over time on a range of variables including stereotyping. Questionnaires were administered to a cohort of over 1200 students from 10 different HSC professional groups entering their first year of university. Stereotypes were measured using a tool adapted from Barnes et al. (2000) designed to elicit stereotype ratings on a range of nine characteristics. The findings confirm that students arrive at university with an established and consistent set of stereotypes about other health and social care professional groups. Stereotypical profiles were compiled for each professional group indicating the distinctive characteristics of the groups as well as the similarities and differences between groups.
Midwives, social workers and nurses were rated most highly on interpersonal skills and on being a team player whilst doctors were rated most highly on academic ability. Doctors, midwives and social workers were perceived as having the strongest leadership role, whilst doctors were also rated most highly on decision making. All professions were rated highly on confidence and professional competence and, with the exception of social workers, on practical skills. A comparison of profiles for each professional group reveals that, for example, pharmacists and doctors were perceived as having very similar characteristics as were social workers, midwives and nurses. However, the profiles of nurses and doctors were perceived to be very different. The implications of these similarities and differences are discussed in terms of their potential impact on interprofessional interactions, role boundaries and team working
Tapes, transcripts and trials:The routine contamination of police interview evidence
This article addresses a serious, but currently unacknowledged, problem of evidential consistency regarding police-suspect interview evidence. It sheds light on flaws in current criminal procedure through the lens of linguistics, focusing on key stages of currently accepted practice which fly in the face of what linguists have long known about language. It demonstrates that, in stark contrast to the strict principles of preservation applied to physical evidence, interview data go through significant transformation between their creation in the interview room and their presentation in the courtroom, especially through changes in format between written and spoken text. It argues that, despite the safeguards provided by PACE 1984, there is nonetheless a level of routine distortion and contamination unintentionally built in to the current system of presenting police interviews as evidence in England & Wales
Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring Program (BICM) Volume 3: Bathymetry and Historical Seafloor Change 1869-2007 Part 2: South Central Louisiana and Northern Chandeleur Islands, Bathymetry Maps
Louisiana Barrier Island Comprehensive Monitoring Program (BICM) Volume 3: Bathymetry and Historical Seafloor Change 1869-2007 Part 2: South Central Louisiana and Northern Chandeleur Islands, Bathymetry Maps
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