Life, Labor, and Value: Recreating Affective Food Ecologies Through Interspecies Cooperation

As our most complex and intimate relationship with wider environments, food and agriculture provide important opportunities for exploring affective ecologies. Here I re-visit some of the ways that Modern constructs of humans as radically different from environments and of value as a function of exchange work to produce agricultural systems that are ever less affective and more problematic. In an effort to construct value in a way more applicable to the whole of our biosphere, and not only to humans, I take up an explicitly non-Modern Heraclitean perspective which conceives of all life as essentially relational. I then extend Marx’s anthropocentric work to argue that all life labors to organize stocks and flows in environments which it finds useful and thus valuable. As co-adaptation illustrates, life often produces value by finding usefulness in the by-products of other lives. Thus, we may understand ecological relationships as guided by the creation of abundance rather than the imposition of scarcity. From the Marxist tradition I then enlist the concepts of cooperation, which produces value synergistically, and exploitation which destroys the ability to create value, to suggest a basis for the evaluation of socio-natural trajectories, for creating more and less affective food ecologies

Herbicide Evaluation in Arkansas Rice, 1997

Weed control is economically important for production of rice, a major crop in Arkansas. These findings summarize efforts of the team of Arkansas scientists working on weed control strategies for rice during 1997. Various technologies were evaluated in field studies at five locations involving the major weed problems and rice production systems used in the state. Results from these studies will add to the arsenal of weed control options for producers. Highlights include synergists and safeners for herbicides to aid in control of propanil-resistant barnyardgrass; herbicides and flooding techniques for control of red rice and other weeds; and the use of transgenic rice cultivars for broadspectrum weed control. The preliminary results reported here generally warrant further testing for more advanced findings and for the labeling of new technologies, and finally are the basis for updating safe, effective, and economical recommendations to Arkansas rice producers

Distinguishing Increased Adiposity and/or Aerobic Deconditioning as Moderators of Low VO2peak in Obese Men

Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a strong predictor of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. V̇O2peak in obese individuals is typically below the lower limit of normal (2 transport and utilization, i.e. aerobic deconditioning; or both. We hypothesized a modified CPET, to measure the fraction of maximum isokinetic power that can be supported by aerobic metabolism, will distinguish between adiposity and deconditioning effects on V̇O2peak. PURPOSE: To compare V̇O2peak and isokinetic neuromuscular performance in obese vs non-obese men. METHODS: A modified CPET with maximal (3 s) isokinetic cycling power at baseline and the limit of ramp-incremental (RI) exercise was used to calculate: A) baseline maximum isokinetic power (Piso); B) tolerance index (TI), % of Piso at V̇O2peak; C) fatigue index (FI), % reduction in Piso per RI-watt at V̇O2peak; D) power reserve (PR), isokinetic power available at V̇O2peak expressed as % RI-wattpeak. The FRIEND nomogram was used to predict V̇O2peak. Data are mean(SD) and were assessed by t-test. RESULTS: Compared to controls (n=24), obese men (n=20) were older (32(5) vs 26(7) yr), had greater BMI (38(6) vs 23(2) kg/m2), but were not different in stature (177(5) vs 180(7) cm) or predicted V̇O2peak (3.49(0.49) vs 3.58(0.36) L/min). Obese men had lower V̇O2peak (2.84(0.42) vs 3.71(0.45) L/min, p2peak (82(15) vs 104(12) %, pIndependent of body mass, obese men had preserved leg strength (normal Piso), but the fraction of maximum isokinetic power supported by aerobic metabolism at RI intolerance was reduced (low TI) with greater fatigability (high FI); each consistent with aerobic deconditioning. A modified CPET with maximal isokinetic power measurements can distinguish the effects of increased adiposity from aerobic deconditioning on V̇O2peak in obese men

Herbicide Evaluation in Arkansas Rice, 1998

Weed control is economically important for production of rice, a major crop in Arkansas. These findings summarize efforts of the team of Arkansas scientists working on weed control strategies for rice during 1998. Various technologies were evaluated in field studies involving the major weed problems and rice production systems used in the state. Results from these studies will add to the arsenal of weed control options for producers. The preliminary results reported here generally warrant further testing for more advanced findings and for the labeling of new technologies and, finally, are the basis for updating safe, effective, and economical recommendations to Arkansas rice producers

The Vehicle, 1967, Vol. 9 no. 1

Vol. 9, No. 1 Table of Contents Commentarypage 3 PoofMolly J. Evanspage 4 PreludeMike Baldwinpage 5 UntitledMike Baldwinpage 5 Where is Tomorrow?Paula Bresnanpage 6 Could It Be Or NotMary Hoeggerpage 7 PsalmAnthony Griggspage 7 Where Am I Going?William A. Framepage 8 Out of DarknessMarilyn Henry Hoodpage 9 She CriedMolly J. Evanspage 12 When I MoveAnthony Griggspage 13 Hi Ya, MorningWilliam A. Framepage 13 Summer Twilight ThoughtsSteve Allenpage 14 Too MuchBill Moserpage 16 Ink SketchWilliam A. Framepage 17 No. 1Molly J. Evanspage 18 Youth, So Hated and DamnedJeff Hendrickspage 18 GoneJackie Jaquespage 19 The JesterWilliam A. Framepage 20 ReflectionMike Baldwinpage 20 No. 3Molly J. Evanspage 21 EpitaphBill Moserpage 22 I Take A Long-Out-of-Use BookAnthony Griggspage 23https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1016/thumbnail.jp

Livestock Protection Tools for California Ranchers

Conflicts between livestock and predators are perhaps inevitable, especially on extensively managed rangelands This publication helps producers evaluate livestock lethal and non-lethal protection tools that may fit their site-specific needs

The Vehicle, 1967, Vol. 9 no. 1

Vol. 9, No. 1 Table of Contents Commentarypage 3 PoofMolly J. Evanspage 4 PreludeMike Baldwinpage 5 UntitledMike Baldwinpage 5 Where is Tomorrow?Paula Bresnanpage 6 Could It Be Or NotMary Hoeggerpage 7 PsalmAnthony Griggspage 7 Where Am I Going?William A. Framepage 8 Out of DarknessMarilyn Henry Hoodpage 9 She CriedMolly J. Evanspage 12 When I MoveAnthony Griggspage 13 Hi Ya, MorningWilliam A. Framepage 13 Summer Twilight ThoughtsSteve Allenpage 14 Too MuchBill Moserpage 16 Ink SketchWilliam A. Framepage 17 No. 1Molly J. Evanspage 18 Youth, So Hated and DamnedJeff Hendrickspage 18 GoneJackie Jaquespage 19 The JesterWilliam A. Framepage 20 ReflectionMike Baldwinpage 20 No. 3Molly J. Evanspage 21 EpitaphBill Moserpage 22 I Take A Long-Out-of-Use BookAnthony Griggspage 23https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1016/thumbnail.jp

Development and Characterization of Synthetic Glucopyranosyl Lipid Adjuvant System as a Vaccine Adjuvant

Innate immune responses to vaccine adjuvants based on lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls, are driven by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and adaptor proteins including MyD88 and TRIF, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons, and chemokines. We report here on the characterization of a synthetic hexaacylated lipid A derivative, denoted as glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA). We assessed the effects of GLA on murine and human dendritic cells (DC) by combining microarray, mRNA and protein multiplex assays and flow cytometry analyses. We demonstrate that GLA has multifunctional immunomodulatory activity similar to naturally-derived monophosphory lipid A (MPL) on murine DC, including the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, DC maturation and antigen-presenting functions. In contrast, hexaacylated GLA was overall more potent on a molar basis than heterogeneous MPL when tested on human DC and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). When administered in vivo, GLA enhanced the immunogenicity of co-administered recombinant antigens, producing strong cell-mediated immunity and a qualitative TH1 response. We conclude that the GLA adjuvant stimulates and directs innate and adaptive immune responses by inducing DC maturation and the concomitant release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines associated with immune cell trafficking, activities which have important implications for the development of future vaccine adjuvants

Spawning Habitat Unsuitability: An Impediment to Cisco Rehabilitation in Lake Michigan?

The cisco Coregonus artedi was one of the most important native prey fishes in Lake Michigan and in the other four Laurentian Great Lakes. Most of the cisco spawning in Lake Michigan was believed to have occurred in Green Bay. The cisco population in Lake Michigan collapsed during the 1950s, and the collapse was attributed in part to habitat degradation within Green Bay. Winter water quality surveys of lower Green Bay during the 1950s and 1960s indicated that the bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was less than 2 mg/L throughout much of the lower bay, and most cisco eggs would not successfully hatch at such low DO concentrations. To determine present‐day spawning habitat suitability in lower Green Bay, we compared cisco egg survival in lower Green Bay with survival at a reference site (St. Marys River, Michigan–Ontario) during 2009. We also conducted winter water quality surveys in lower Green Bay and the St. Marys River during 2009 and 2010. Cisco egg survival in lower Green Bay averaged 65.3%, which was remarkably similar to and not significantly different from the mean at the St. Marys River site (64.0%). Moreover, the lowest bottom DO concentrations recorded during the winter surveys were 11.2 mg/L in lower Green Bay and 12.7 mg/L in the St. Marys River. These relatively high DO concentrations would not be expected to have any negative effect on cisco egg survival. We conclude that winter water quality conditions in lower Green Bay were suitable for successful hatching of cisco eggs and that water quality during the egg incubation period did not represent an impediment to cisco rehabilitation in Lake Michigan. Our approach to determining spawning habitat suitability for coregonids would be applicable to other aquatic systems.Received May 14, 2011; accepted July 6, 2011Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142025/1/nafm0905.pd