Vagotomy diminishes obesity in cafeteria rats by decreasing cholinergic potentiation of insulin release

CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORHerein, we investigated whether subdiaphragmatic vagotomy has benefits on obesity, body glucose homeostasis, and insulin secretion in cafeteria (CAF)-obese rats. Wistar rats were fed a standard or CAF diet for 12 weeks. Subsequently, CAF rats were randomly submitted to truncal vagotomy (CAF Vag) or sham operation (CAF Sham). CAF Sham rats were hyperphagic, obese, and presented metabolic disturbances, including hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Twelve weeks after vagotomy, CAF Vag rats presented reductions in body weight and perigonadal fat stores. Vagotomy did not modify glucose tolerance but normalized fed glycemia, insulinemia, and insulin sensitivity. Isolated islets from CAF Sham rats secreted more insulin in response to the cholinergic agent, carbachol, and when intracellular cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) is enhanced by forskolin or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Vagotomy decreased glucose-induced insulin release due to a reduction in the cholinergic action on beta-cells. This effect also normalized islet secretion in response to cAMP. Therefore, vagotomy in rats fed on a CAF-style diet effectively decreases adiposity and restores insulin sensitivity. These effects were mainly associated with the lack of cholinergic action on the endocrine pancreas, which decreases insulinemia and may gradually reduce fat storage and improve insulin sensitivity.Herein, we investigated whether subdiaphragmatic vagotomy has benefits on obesity, body glucose homeostasis, and insulin secretion in cafeteria (CAF)-obese rats. Wistar rats were fed a standard or CAF diet for 12 weeks. Subsequently, CAF rats were randomly submitted to truncal vagotomy (CAF Vag) or sham operation (CAF Sham). CAF Sham rats were hyperphagic, obese, and presented metabolic disturbances, including hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Twelve weeks after vagotomy, CAF Vag rats presented reductions in body weight and perigonadal fat stores. Vagotomy did not modify glucose tolerance but normalized fed glycemia, insulinemia, and insulin sensitivity. Isolated islets from CAF Sham rats secreted more insulin in response to the cholinergic agent, carbachol, and when intracellular cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) is enhanced by forskolin or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Vagotomy decreased glucose-induced insulin release due to a reduction in the cholinergic action on beta-cells. This effect also normalized islet secretion in response to cAMP. Therefore, vagotomy in rats fed on a CAF-style diet effectively decreases adiposity and restores insulin sensitivity. These effects were mainly associated with the lack of cholinergic action on the endocrine pancreas, which decreases insulinemia and may gradually reduce fat storage and improve insulin sensitivity724625633CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORsem informaçã

Growth and biochemical markers of newborn preterm up to six months of corrected age

Introduction: Due to advances in recent decades in maternal-foetal and neonatal medicine, a greater survival of preterm infants with progressively smaller birth weight and gestational age is observed, increasing the risk of future morbidities on those infants. Among these morbidities, alterations in growth and metabolism are found. Objective: To analyze the evolution of the growth and the metabolic profile of preterm infants’ cohort from birth at six months of corrected age (CA). Methods: A descriptive and prospective study with a sample of 107 mothers and 115 preterm infants at birth and 72 preterm infants and 68 mothers at the end of follow-up. Growth (body weight, height, cephalic perimeter) was evaluated at six time points. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin of premature infants were assessed during three periods, from birth to 6 months of CA. Comparative analysis of the initial sample and the sample that finished the follow-up was used in chi-square family tests. To Evaluate the growth over the 6-month period by using repeated measurements. Results: Sociodemographic variables and maternal biochemical profile without statistical differences in the comparison of the mothers of the initial sample with those who completed the follow-up. Linear growth of preterm infants at six months of CA, however without recovery of growth. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides (birth = 48.1, 6 months = 151.1) and cholesterol (birth = 82.7, 6 months = 139.9) increased during the evaluations. Glycaemia remained stable (birth 80.4, 6 months = 83.3) and insulin decreased from 11.0 to 4.2. Conclusion: Growth of preterm infants, although linear, was lower than expected for age. Lipid profiles presented an ascending curve from birth onward. Therefore, this group is prone to delayed growth and to developing cardiovascular changes throughout life.Introduction: Due to advances in recent decades in maternal-foetal and neonatal medicine, a greater survival of preterm infants with progressively smaller birth weight and gestational age is observed, increasing the risk of future morbidities on those infants. Among these morbidities, alterations in growth and metabolism are found. Objective: To analyze the evolution of the growth and the metabolic profile of preterm infants’ cohort from birth at six months of corrected age (CA).Methods: A descriptive and prospective study with a sample of 107 mothers and 115 preterm infants at birth and 72 preterm infants and 68 mothers at the end of follow-up. Growth (body weight, height, cephalic perimeter) was evaluated at six time points. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin of premature infants were assessed during three periods, from birth to 6 months of CA. Comparative analysis of the initial sample and the sample that finished the follow-up was used in chi-square family tests. To Evaluate the growth over the 6-month period by using repeated measurements.Results: Sociodemographic variables and maternal biochemical profile without statistical differences in the comparison of the mothers of the initial sample with those who completed the follow-up. Linear growth of preterm infants at six months of CA, however without recovery of growth. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides (birth = 48.1, 6 months = 151.1) and cholesterol (birth = 82.7, 6 months = 139.9) increased during the evaluations. Glycaemia remained stable (birth 80.4, 6 months = 83.3) and insulin decreased from 11.0 to 4.2.Conclusion: Growth of preterm infants, although linear, was lower than expected for age. Lipid profiles presented an ascending curve from birth onward. Therefore, this group is prone to delayed growth and to developing cardiovascular changes throughout life

Condições clínicas e perfil metabólico de prematuros do nascimento aos seis meses de idade corrigida

A sobrevida de recém-nascidos prematuros e de baixo peso tem evidenciado alterações metabólicas ao longo de suas vidas. Objetiva-se correlacionar se condições clínicas do recém-nascido prematuro (RNPT) ao nascimento, na hospitalização e após a alta da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, influenciam no seu perfil metabólico aos seis meses de Idade Corrigida. Estudo prospectivo, de coorte, com 37 RNPT. A análise estatística realizada foi descritiva e inferencial. Ao correlacionar as condições clínicas do nascimento, da hospitalização e do seguimento com o perfil metabólico do RNPT, evidenciou-se que a enterocolite necrotizante (p= 0,006) e sepse tardia (p= 0,02) apresentaram diferença estatística significativa na concentração de insulina. O perfil glicêmico na presença das comorbidades se manteve normal e o perfil lipídico elevou-se gradativamente. Os RNPT deste estudo constituem-se em grupo de risco para o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares, devido às alterações lipídicas e insulínicas encontradas

The Bile Acid TUDCA Improves Beta-Cell Mass and Reduces Insulin Degradation in Mice With Early-Stage of Type-1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by impairment in beta-cell mass and insulin levels, resulting in hyperglycemia and diabetic complications. Since diagnosis, appropriate control of glycaemia in T1D requires insulin administration, which can result in side effects, such as hypoglycemia. In this sense, some bile acids have emerged as new therapeutic targets to treat T1D and T2D, as well as metabolic diseases. The taurine conjugated bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic (TUDCA) reduces the incidence of T1D development and improves glucose homeostasis in obese and T2D mice. However, its effects in early-stage of T1D have not been well explored. Therefore, we have assessed the effects of TUDCA on the glycemic control of mice with early-stage T1D. To achieve this, C57BL/6 mice received intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg) for 5 days. Once diabetes was confirmed in the STZ mice, they received TUDCA treatment (300 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 24 days. After 15 days of treatment, the STZ+TUDCA mice showed a 43% reduction in blood glucose, compared with the STZ group. This reduction was likely due to an increase in insulinemia. This increase in insulinemia may be explained, at least in part, by a reduction in hepatic IDE activity and, consequently, reduction on insulin clearance, as well as an increase in beta-cell mass and a higher beta-cell number per islet. Also, the groups did not present any alterations in insulin sensitivity. All together, these effects contributed to the improvement of glucose metabolism in T1D mice, pointing TUDCA as a potential therapeutic agent for the glycemic control in early-stage of T1D

<b>Effects of taurine supplementation and swimming, associated or not, on obesity and glucose homeostasis in mice</b> - 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v34ispec.10433

<p class="aabstract">Studies show that physical exercise (PE) is associated with a reduced fat accumulation and increased insulin sensitivity, and taurine (TAU) improves glucose homeostasis in lean rodents. The aim  in this work was evaluate the effects of supplementing TAU and practice of PE, associated or not, on obesity and glucose homeostasis on obese MSG-mice. Neonate male <em>Swiss</em> mice received injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG group) or saline (CON group). From the 30^th to the 90^th day of life, one group of animals received TAU in drinking water (MSG TAU group), another was subjected to PE (MSG PE group) and a third group underwent both procedures (MSG PE TAU group). Mice treated with MSG become obese, hypertriglyceridemic, glucose intolerant and insulin resistant. The supplementation with TAU and the PE, isolated or associated, reduced the triglycerides (38%), glucose intolerance (around 30%) and KITT (79%) in MSG-obese animals, but did not influence the accumulation of fat. Interestingly, the combination of both strategies significantly reduced the insulin resistance, compared to animals subjected to isolated strategies. In conclusion, the supplementation with TAU and PE, isolated or associated, did not influence the accumulation of fat in MSG-obese mice, however, reduce the triglycerides and insulin resistance.</p> <p class="akeyword"> </p

SOBREPESO COMO FATOR DE RISCO PARA HIPERTENSÃO EM ESCOLARES DE CASCAVEL, PARANÁ

The main objective of the study was evaluate the nutritional status and risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in adolescents, aged between 14 and 19 years, enrolled in public schools in the city of Cascavel, Paran&aacute;.. There were 549 participants, who were evaluated according to criteria proposed by the World Health Organization and Cole et al. For nutritional assessment and risk factors anthropometric measurements of weight and height to calculate body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure were collected, all of which were evaluated following recommendations of the Brazilian Cardiology Society. The prevalence of overweight was 14.39% and 13.39% for the World Health Organization and Cole et al., respectively. The presence of cardiovascular risk was assessed by in 10.02% of adolescents and high arterial blood pressure was observed in 17.85% (n = 98) of adolescents, prevailing again in males. Therefore, the conclusion is that obesity and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent being necessary to intervein in the eating habits of this group, keeping them under surveillance with regular studies to promote health and prevent diseases in the adulthood.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el estado nutricional y los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de problemas cardiovasculares em escolares de la escuela p&uacute;blica con edad entre 14 e 19 a&ntilde;os. Han sido evaluados 549 adolescentes, a trav&eacute;s de la colecci&oacute;n de peso y talla para calcular &iacute;ndice de masa corporal, evaluados de acuerdo a criterios propuestos por la Organizaci&oacute;n Mundial de la Salud y Cole et al. La circunferencia de la cintura y la presi&oacute;n arterial se obtuvieron para el an&aacute;lisis del riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, que han sido evaluadas siguiendo las directrices de la Sociedad Brasile&ntilde;a de Cardiolog&iacute;a. La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue 14,39% e 13,39% para Organizaci&oacute;n Mundial de la Salud e Cole et al., respectivamente. La presencia de riesgo cardiovascular se encontr&oacute; en el 10.02% de los adolescentes y la elevaci&oacute;n de presi&oacute;n arterial se ha verificado en 17.85% (n = 98) adolescentes, los riesgos fueron m&aacute;s frecuentes en varones. Se concluye que el sobrepeso y los factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares mostraron alta prevalencia, siendo las medidas de intervenci&oacute;n necesarias en relaci&oacute;n con los h&aacute;bitos de alimentaci&oacute;n de los adolescentes, mantener la vigilancia para promover la salud y prevenir enfermedades en la vida adulta, a trav&eacute;s de estudios peri&oacute;dicos.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e os fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de problemas cardiovasculares em escolares da rede p&uacute;blica com idade entre 14 e 19 anos. Foram avaliados 549 adolescentes, por meio da coleta de peso e estatura para c&aacute;lculo do &iacute;ndice de massa corporal, avaliados segundo crit&eacute;rios propostos pela Organiza&ccedil;&atilde;o Mundial da Sa&uacute;de e Cole et al. A circunfer&ecirc;ncia da cintura e press&atilde;o arterial foram verificadas para an&aacute;lise do risco de doen&ccedil;as cardiovasculares, os quais foram avaliados segundo as diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. A preval&ecirc;ncia de excesso de peso foi 14,39% e 13,39% pela Organiza&ccedil;&atilde;o Mundial de Sa&uacute;de e Cole et al., respectivamente. A presen&ccedil;a de risco cardiovascular foi encontrada em 10,02% dos adolescentes e a eleva&ccedil;&atilde;o da press&atilde;o arterial foi verificada em 17,85% (n=98), todos os riscos foram mais prevalentes no sexo masculino. Conclui-se que o sobrepeso e os fatores de risco para doen&ccedil;as cardiovasculares apresentaram alta preval&ecirc;ncia, sendo necess&aacute;rias medidas de interven&ccedil;&atilde;o em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o ao h&aacute;bito alimentar dos adolescentes, mantendo vigil&acirc;ncia para promover a sa&uacute;de e prevenir doen&ccedil;as na vida adulta, por meio de estudos peri&oacute;dicos