MANDIBULAR SWING APPROACH FOR A RECURRENT PARA PHARYNGEAL SPACE TUMOR – REPORT OF A CASE.

Para pharyngeal space tumors , most of them benign, account forsome 0.5% of tumors of head & neck. The importance of thesetumors lie mainly in two aspects- on the one hand, the difficultyof early diagnosis & on the other hand the extremecomplications of performing surgery in Para pharyngeal region.This article discusses a clinical case of recurrent parapharyngeal tumor. A 32 yr old man presented with a recurrentleft side neck swelling,4cm in diameter,which was subsequentlyconfirmed as schwannoma by FNAC. Para pharyngeal tumorwas successfully removed by mandibular swing approach &excision technique. His post operative course was uneventful &the pre operative clinical symptoms such as dysphagia &dysphnea completely resolved after surgery. 

Therapeutic potential of marine macrolides: An overview from 1990 to 2022

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGThe sea is a vast ecosystem that has remained primarily unexploited and untapped, resulting in numerous organisms. Consequently, marine organisms have piqued the interest of scientists as an abundant source of natural resources with unique structural features and fascinating biological activities. Marine macrolide is a top-class natural product with a heavily oxygenated polyene backbone containing macrocyclic lactone. In the last few decades, significant efforts have been made to isolate and characterize macrolides’ chemical and biological properties. Numerous macrolides are extracted from different marine organisms such as marine microorganisms, sponges, zooplankton, molluscs, cnidarians, red algae, tunicates, and bryozoans. Notably, the prominent macrolide sources are fungi, dinoflagellates, and sponges. Marine macrolides have several bioactive characteristics such as antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiviral), anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and neuroprotective activities. In brief, marine organisms are plentiful in naturally occurring macrolides, which can become the source of efficient and effective therapeutics for many diseases. This current review summarizes these exciting and promising novel marine macrolides in biological activities and possible therapeutic applications

Heredity and cardiometabolic risk: naturally occurring polymorphisms in the human neuropeptide Y2 receptor promoter disrupt multiple transcriptional response motifs

The neuropeptide Y2 G-protein-coupled receptor (NPY2R) relays signals from PYY or neuropeptide Y toward satiety and control of body mass. Targeted ablation of the NPY2R locus in mice yields obesity, and studies of NPY2R promoter genetic variation in more than 10 000 human participants indicate its involvement in control of obesity and BMI. Here we searched for genetic variation across the human NPY2R locus and probed its functional effects, especially in the proximal promoter

Search for an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of NPY2R and metabolic syndrome traits

Metabolic syndrome, which characterizes an individual's risk for cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes mellitus, can be characterized by risk factors such as obesity and hypertension. These risk factors are predicted by traits like body mass index (BMI) and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP). Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene coding for the type 2 neuropeptide receptor (NPY2R) may affect BMI, SBP, and DBP since NPY2R and its ligand, peptide YY (PYY) are involved in the suppression of appetite. 703 individuals of Caucasian, Hispanic, and African-American biogeographical ancestry were genotyped for three candidate SNPs, rs6851222 (G-1606A), rs6857715 (C-599T), and rs1047214 (T+ 5895C), in the NPY2R promoter and open reading frame. No significant associations were found between these SNPs and BMI, SBP, and DBP (p>0.05). However, significant associations were found between haplotypes of these SNPs and these metabolic syndrome traits. In the aforementioned order of SNPs, haplotype GTT demonstrated a pleiotropic, positive directional effect on these three traits (BMI: p=0.000375, SBP: p=0.0187, and DBP: p=0.0318). Further study of this gene locus will help determine the relationship between these SNPs and the metabolic syndrome traits of body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressur

The Identification and Characterization of Chondrodysplasias Resulting from Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Abnormalities

The chondrodysplasias are a group of genetic disorders resulting from profound defects in cartilage development. Two mild chondrodysplasias, Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia (MED) and Stickler Syndrome (STL), result from reduced synthesis and/or altered structure of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which provide a scaffold for the organization of the chondrocytes in the endochondral growth plate. Individuals affected with MED exhibit mild short stature, joint pain, and early-onset osteoarthropathy. Dominantly inherited mutations in 5 genes, COMP, MATN3, COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3, and recessively inherited mutations in SLC26A2 result in a MED phenotype, and the mutations in these genes account for the molecular basis of disease in 80-85% of the cases. Using exome sequencing, I endeavored to identify the molecular basis of the disease in cases with an unknown etiology. I identified two cases with a clinically distinct recessively-inherited form of MED due to mutations in CANT1, a gene involved in ECM biosynthesis. As this form of MED only accounts for a subset of the uncharacterized cases, there is further locus heterogeneity among patients with this phenotype. Type IX collagen, a heterotrimeric collagenous ECM protein comprised of three procollagen chains, α1(IX), α2(IX), and α3(IX), is involved in the pathogenesis of both MED and STL. STL is characterized by mild short stature, craniofacial defects, sensorineural hearing loss, and myopia, and recessive loss-of-function mutations in all three human type IX procollagen genes have been identified in STL. Previous studies have indicated that the loss of α1(IX) results in a functional knockout of type IX collagen, but similar studies have not been conducted for α2(IX) and α3(IX). Through the generation of a Col9a2 -/- mouse, I determined that the loss of α2(IX) also results in total loss of type IX collagen, and the resulting mouse phenocopies STL. Through the study of MED and type IX collagen, I have gained a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis in a subset of chondrodysplasias of the cartilage ECM

Genes uniquely expressed in human growth plate chondrocytes uncover a distinct regulatory network

Abstract Background Chondrogenesis is the earliest stage of skeletal development and is a highly dynamic process, integrating the activities and functions of transcription factors, cell signaling molecules and extracellular matrix proteins. The molecular mechanisms underlying chondrogenesis have been extensively studied and multiple key regulators of this process have been identified. However, a genome-wide overview of the gene regulatory network in chondrogenesis has not been achieved. Results In this study, employing RNA sequencing, we identified 332 protein coding genes and 34 long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes that are highly selectively expressed in human fetal growth plate chondrocytes. Among the protein coding genes, 32 genes were associated with 62 distinct human skeletal disorders and 153 genes were associated with skeletal defects in knockout mice, confirming their essential roles in skeletal formation. These gene products formed a comprehensive physical interaction network and participated in multiple cellular processes regulating skeletal development. The data also revealed 34 transcription factors and 11,334 distal enhancers that were uniquely active in chondrocytes, functioning as transcriptional regulators for the cartilage-selective genes. Conclusions Our findings revealed a complex gene regulatory network controlling skeletal development whereby transcription factors, enhancers and lncRNAs participate in chondrogenesis by transcriptional regulation of key genes. Additionally, the cartilage-selective genes represent candidate genes for unsolved human skeletal disorders

An overview of extraction and purification techniques of seaweed dietary fibers for immunomodulation on gut microbiota

Background Nutritional well-being is the prerequisite condition for a sustainable improvement in human welfare. Human gut microbiota plays a magnificent role in balancing the condition of metabolic syndrome management. Currently, the gut microbiome mediated immune system is gaining attention for the treatment of several health ailments such as diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, and malnourishment. Bioactive compounds from marine polysaccharides from seaweeds are found beneficial for enhancing the activity of gut microbes. Scope and approach There were limited reviews in recent times to discuss the updates on extraction, purification and biological activities of dietary fibers using non-conventional methods. The present review inspects on the proximal and structural composition of seaweed polysaccharides and their methods of extraction and purification aspects. It also focuses on the immune modulating mechanisms of prebiotic-probiotic synergetic interaction by stimulating beneficial gut microbial activity and by the production of short-chain fatty acids. The mutual relationship between prebiotics and probiotics that leads to a healthy gut was targeted in the present review. Key findings and conclusions Marine seaweeds polysaccharides are the untapped bioresources to be explored for its biotherapeutic properties of dietary fibers. The practical complications on extracting polysaccharides by a single technique could be overcome by adopting the strategy of utilizing combinatorial extraction and purification techniques. Its prebiotic effect aids in the enhancement of gut microbial activity by exhibiting the properties of non-digestibility, fermentability, and pathogen inhibition potential. The impending benefits of dietary fiber from seaweed polysaccharides as prebiotics for formulating functional food ingredients along with probiotic microbes to exhibit immunomodulation applications. Therefore, intended human clinical trials should be carried out to evaluate and discover the probiotic-prebiotic relationship in the human gut, which could step out the research to the next level in the medicinal world

Evaluation of Hepatic Detoxification Effects of <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> Polysaccharides against Aflatoxin B₁ in Broiler Chickens

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a major risk factor in animal feed. Seaweed (Enteromorpha prolifera)-derived polysaccharides (SDP) are natural antioxidants with multiple biological functions, which may have an in vivo detoxification effect on AFB1. The current study aimed to evaluate whether SDP could mitigate AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity in broilers. A total of 216 chickens (male, 5 weeks old) were randomly allocated to three groups with differing feeding patterns, lasting 4 weeks: (1) control group (CON, fed a basal diet); (2) AFB1 group (fed a basal diet mixed with 0.1 mg/kg AFB1); and (3) AFB1 + SDP group (AFB1 group + 0.25% SDP). The results showed that dietary SDP improved the liver function-related biochemical indicators in serum, and reversed the increase in relative liver weight, hepatic apoptosis and histological damage of broilers exposed to AFB1. SDP treatment also reduced the activity and mRNA expression of phase I detoxification enzymes, while increasing the activity and mRNA expression of phase II detoxification enzymes in the livers of AFB1-exposed broilers, which was involved in the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. In conclusion, dietary SDP alleviated AFB1-induced liver injury of broilers through inhibiting phase I detoxification enzymes and upregulating p38MAPK/Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxification enzymes pathway

Rose et Albert, ou le Tombeau d'Emma, par Mme Keralio-Robert. t. 1

Supplementary Dataset S5. GO analysis of cartilage-unique enhancers. (XLSX 1028 kb