RTS amplitudes in decananometer MOSFETs: 3-D simulation study

In this paper we study the amplitudes of random telegraph signals (RTS) associated with the trapping of a single electron in defect states at the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface of sub-100-nm (decananometer) MOSFETs employing three-dimensional (3-D) "atomistic" simulations. Both continuous doping charge and random discrete dopants in the active region of the MOSFETs are considered in the simulations. The dependence of the RTS amplitudes on the position of the trapped charge in the channel and on device design parameters such as dimensions, oxide thickness and channel doping concentration is studied in detail. The 3-D simulations offer a natural explanation for the large variation in the RTS amplitudes measured experimentally in otherwise identical MOSFETs. The random discrete dopant simulations result in RTS amplitudes several times higher compared to continuous charge simulations. They also produce closer to the experimentally observed distributions of the RTS amplitudes. The results highlight the significant impact of single charge trapping in the next generation decananometer MOSFETs

Random telegraph signal amplitudes in sub 100 nm (decanano) MOSFETs: a 3D `Atomistic' simulation study

In this paper we use 3D simulations to study the amplitudes of random telegraph signals (RTS) associated with the trapping of a single carrier in interface states in the channel of sub 100 nm (decanano) MOSFETs. Both simulations using continuous doping charge and random discrete dopants in the active region of the MOSFETs are presented. We have studied the dependence of the RTS amplitudes on the position of the trapped charge in the channel and on the device design parameters. We have observed a significant increase in the maximum RTS amplitude when discrete random dopants are employed in the simulations

Electrohydrodynamic migration of charged droplets in an insulating fluid

The motion of charged, conducting droplets present in an insulating fluid medium is analyzed under the action of an electric field, in microgravity. Previous analyses of this problem have considered the Maxwell stresses as the only driving force. In the present study, arguments from macroscopic thermodynamics and the molecular theory of surface tension are used to show that the surface tension gradients can be induced due to the variation of the electric potential on the interface. In the limit of Reynolds numbers small compared to unity, the terminal velocity of migration of the droplet is calculated under the combined action of the Maxwell stresses and the surface tension gradients. The results show that there are no surface tension gradients (i.e., no electric potential variation at the interface) in a case that is due to the convection of the surface charges, surface tension gradients do exist and tend to reduce the terminal velocity of the droplet. The shape of the droplet altered by the motion was also calculated, when the deformations from the spherical shape are small

Performance of test embankment constructed to failure on soft marine clay

This paper describes the observed and the predicted performance of a full-scale trial embankment built to failure on a soft Malaysian marine clay. Predictions of the subsoil deformation. the critical height of fill and the corresponding slip surface are made and subsequently compared to the field measurements. It is of importance to realize that all the predictions were made prior to the actual failure of the embankment. The comparison with measurements was possible only after the International Symposium on Trial Embankments on Malaysian Marine Clays, was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in November 1989, during which the field data were made available to the invited predictors (including the second writer) by the Malaysian Highway Authority. Finite-element codes based on the modified Cam-clay theory (CRISP) and hyperbolic stress-strain model (ISBILD) were utilized to investigate the behavior of the embankment and the foundation soil until failure. The type of numerical modeling includes purely undrained, fully drained, and a coupled consolidation analysis. The finite-element solutions are subsequently compared with the conventional stability analysis

A Multiband OFDMA Heterogeneous Network for Millimeter Wave 5G Wireless Applications

Citation: Niknam, S., Nasir, A. A., Mehrpouyan, H., & Natarajan, B. (2016). A Multiband OFDMA Heterogeneous Network for Millimeter Wave 5G Wireless Applications. Ieee Access, 4, 5640-5648. doi:10.1109/access.2016.2604364Emerging fifth generation (5G) wireless networks require massive bandwidth in higher frequency bands, extreme network densities, and flexibility of supporting multiple wireless technologies in order to provide higher data rates and seamless coverage. It is expected that the utilization of the large bandwidth in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band and deployment of heterogeneous networks (HetNets) will help address the data rate requirements of 5G networks. However, high pathloss and shadowing in the mmWave frequency band, strong interference in the HetNets due to massive network densification, and coordination of various air interfaces are challenges that must be addressed. In this paper, we consider a relay based multiband orthogonal frequency division multiple access HetNet in which mmWave small cells are deployed within the service area of macro cells. In particular, we attempt to exploit the distinct propagation characteristics of mmWave bands (i.e., 60 GHz-the V-band and 70-80 GHz the E-band) and the long term evolution band to maximize overall data rate of the network via efficient resource allocation. The problem is solved using a modified dual decomposition approach and then a low complexity greedy solution based on the iterative activity selection algorithm is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms conventional schemes

Ultrasonic Wave Propagation Studies in Anisotropic Plates with built-In Material Degratdation

Anomalies of several kind are often found unavoidable during the manufacturing process of 0fiber reinforced composite parts. Several ultrasonic wave propagation and feature based signal analysis techniques can be found for characterizing these defects. Such methods are currently established on a problem to problem basis. Hence, the NDE methods are unable to keep up with the rapidly progressing materials technology and there is a need for a quick turnaround generalized method for anomaly modeling and experimental simulation to physically study the anomaly influence process on the ultrasonic signal. This paper addresses issues regarding the emerging new methods of ultrasonics oblique incidence techniques for the non-destructive evaluation of anisotropic plates. In this paper, efforts on theoretical modeling of imperfect composite structures, with in-built anomalies, have been attempted. Some of the common types of anomalies which can be considered, includes micro and macro porosity, fiber fraction changes, fiber mis-orientation, improper lay-up, interfacial weakness, improper curing, et