A Critical Review of Development Sociology: Theories and Policies

Development sociology is an attractive field of research, as well as an interesting philosophical debate which a series of well known philosophers have concentrated upon, such as Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. Faced with an impasse, historians and other social scientists set out on a novel journey to examine different aspects of this concept. Thus, this paper tries to elaborate the concept, to review the history, to discuss the main topics in mainstream research, and finally to make policy recommendations based on the discussions. Research paper Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Bakhtiari, S. (2016). A Critical Review of Development Sociology: Theories and Policies, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 150–162

A Critical Review of Development Sociology: Theories and Policies

Development sociology is an attractive field of research, as well as an interesting philosophical debate which a series of well known philosophers have concentrated upon, such as Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. Faced with an impasse, historians and other social scientists set out on a novel journey to examine different aspects of this concept. Thus, this paper tries to elaborate the concept, to review the history, to discuss the main topics in mainstream research, and finally to make policy recommendations based on the discussions. Research paper Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Bakhtiari, S. (2016). A Critical Review of Development Sociology: Theories and Policies, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 150–162

A Critical Review of Development Sociology: Theories and Policies

Development sociology is an attractive field of research, as well as an interesting philosophical debate which a series of well known philosophers have concentrated upon, such as Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. Faced with an impasse, historians and other social scientists set out on a novel journey to examine different aspects of this concept. Thus, this paper tries to elaborate the concept, to review the history, to discuss the main topics in mainstream research, and finally to make policy recommendations based on the discussions. Research paper Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Bakhtiari, S. (2016). A Critical Review of Development Sociology: Theories and Policies, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 150–162

The Economic Sociology of New Venture Creation

In fact, [new] economic sociology is a meeting place for economists and sociologists. It is a rejection of the maximization hypothesis of orthodox economic theory. Thus its approach regarding new venture creation might be controversial. This paper attempts to connect these two areas, following a qualitative approach. Findings show that three main elements, i.e. (i) social action, (ii) embeddedness, and (iii) social relations, affect new venture creation. These elements are elaborated in this research and three main propositions are proposed

The effect of pesticide application on QTLs controlling traits in Barley

Among cereals, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ranks fourth in consumption worldwide. Among barley breeding goals, one can refer to gene mapping, studying their inheritance, and saturated genetic linkage maps. Problems with pesticide applications include reduced genetic diversity, reduced nitrogen fixation, and destruction of the habitat of especially endangered species. The effect of pesticide application on the emergence of QTLs expressing traits in experimental barley was investigated using 104 barley F2:4 families from Badia × Kavir cross. A total of 25 QTLs were mapped for all traits. In nonusing pesticides, 12 QTLs were identified for peduncle length, stem diameter, flag leaf length, and awn length. It was found that qFL-4 has major effects on flag leaf length. For using the pesticide, 13 QTLs were detected that QTLs related to stem diameter, grain weight, flag leaf length explained a high percentage of phenotypic variation. The results of this study showed that pesticide application affects the expression of some genes in barley. Besides, major-effect trait-controller QTLs and their associated markers can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs

The Economic Sociology of New Venture Creation

In fact, [new] economic sociology is a meeting place for economists and sociologists. It is a rejection of the maximization hypothesis of orthodox economic theory. Thus its approach regarding new venture creation might be controversial. This paper attempts to connect these two areas, following a qualitative approach. Findings show that three main elements, i.e. (i) social action, (ii) embeddedness, and (iii) social relations, affect new venture creation. These elements are elaborated in this research and three main propositions are proposed

Investigation of the effective factors on musculoskeletal disorders and its consequents in Qazvin woman hairdressers in 2016

Background: The hairdressers are exposed to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to repetitive movements in awkward postures. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effective factors on MSDS prevalence and its consequents in hairdressers. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study has done in 2016. One hundred fifty three subjects of female hairdressers were recruited for the census in Qazvin. Rapid entire body assessment (REBA) method used to ergonomics risk assessment (by Nexgenergo software) and two questionnaires Nordic and work ability index (WAI) were used to investigate MSDS prevalence and work ability respectively. Data were analyzed using single and multivariate logistic regression. Findings: The prevalence of MSDs was reported 116 (75.8%) among the study subjects. Weight is an individual factor that increases the prevalence of MSDs to 17 times alone and in combination with other risk factors, increases the absence from the work and refer to doctors to 3.6 and to 36 times respectively. Individuals with good ability have 4 times more exposed to MSDs compared to individuals with excellent ability. Individuals with weak ability have more absence from the work and refer to the doctor compared to people with excellent ability (18 and 8 times respectively). Conclusion: Weight loss, reducing work times, improve the work ability can cause decrease the MSDs, absence from the work and refer to doctor in female hairdressers. Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, Work ability index, Hairdresser

Protective factors for posttraumatic stress disorder among healthcare workers during the covid-19 pandemic

Background and Objective: Healthcare Workers (HCWs) are among at-risk population for trauma exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) development, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of the present study was to investigate three different variables, namely coping dimensions, resilience, and spiritual well-being, as protective factors for PTSD development among HCWs during the Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 300 HCWs were recruited using convenience sampling method. The participants completed a battery of measures, including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Life Paths Measurement Packet Coping Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, and Spiritual Well-being Questionnaire. Results: The Pearson correlation coefficient results revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between PTSD and communication with others (P<0.05, r=0.135), and between other components of spiritual well-being, i.e, communication with self, communication with God, communication with others, and communication with nature. Simultaneous regression analysis results revealed that coping dimensions, resilience, and spiritual well-being explained 4% of the variance in PTSD among the study sample. Also, the results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between communication with others and PTSD (P=0.001, β=0.211, B=0.290), while there was a significant negative relationship between communication with nature and PTSD (P=0.006, β=0.217, B=0.233). Conclusions: These results suggest that spiritual well-being, coping strategies, and resilience, might play a protective role (although minimal) in the development of PTSD among HCWs. Further research is needed in order to make a conclusive decision about using these factors as therapeutic factors to mitigate the onset of PTSD among HCWs during the Covid-19 pandemic

Investigating the relationship between psychological distress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and coping strategies among hospital staff, health center staff, and the general population during the coronavirus pandemic

Background and Objective: The outbreak of coronavirus in Wuhan, China in 2019 has caused numerous mental health problems around the world. Among the psychological problems that have emerged due to the Covid-19 pandemic are symptoms of psychological distress, such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological distress, coping strategies, and PTSD among three various populations, namely the general population, hospital staff and staff of health centers during the Covid-19 pandemic.                                                                  Materials and Methods: Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between the study variables. Using convenience sampling, a sample of 450 individuals (150 participants from each population) was selected to participate in the research. Results: The findings indicated that psychological distress was significantly and negatively correlated to PTSD between two populations, i.e., the general population (r = -0.708, P < 0.01), and health center staffs (r = -0.216, P < 0.01), but coping strategies were not associated with psychological distress and PTSD in these two populations. However, the results were different among hospital staffs; in that psychological distress was significantly correlated with coping strategies (r = -0.170, P < 0.05), and PTSD (r = -0.216, P < 0.01), and there was a significant correlation between coping strategies and PTSD (r = -0.270 P < 0.01) among this population. Conclusion: These findings highlighted the need for educational courses and psychological interventions to inform different populations about various coping strategies in stressful situations, and to reduce symptoms of psychological distress during the pandemi