2,539 research outputs found
Special solutions for Ricci flow equation in 2D using the linearization approach
The 2D Ricci flow equation in the conformal gauge is studied using the
linearization approach. Using a non-linear substitution of logarithmic type,
the emergent quadratic equation is split in various ways. New special solutions
involving arbitrary functions are presented. Some special reductions are also
discussed.Comment: 8 pages, latex, no figure
Gradient flows and instantons at a Lifshitz point
I provide a broad framework to embed gradient flow equations in
non-relativistic field theory models that exhibit anisotropic scaling. The
prime example is the heat equation arising from a Lifshitz scalar field theory;
other examples include the Allen-Cahn equation that models the evolution of
phase boundaries. Then, I review recent results reported in arXiv:1002.0062
describing instantons of Horava-Lifshitz gravity as eternal solutions of
certain geometric flow equations on 3-manifolds. These instanton solutions are
in general chiral when the anisotropic scaling exponent is z=3. Some general
connections with the Onsager-Machlup theory of non-equilibrium processes are
also briefly discussed in this context. Thus, theories of Lifshitz type in d+1
dimensions can be used as off-shell toy models for dynamical vacuum selection
of relativistic field theories in d dimensions.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figure, contribution to conference proceedings (NEB14);
minor typos corrected in v
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Unemployment in Greece: evidence from Greek regions
The purpose of the paper is to examine the nature of Greek unemployment allowing for cross-sectional dependence among Greek regions and for the presence of structural breaks. The paper contributes to the literature assessing the stochastic properties of Greek regional unemployment rates using recently developed and more powerful panel unit-root tests, such as the Lagrange Multiplier (LM) panel unit root test of Im et al.(2010), that allow for level and trend breaks, heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in the panel. The results show that in all cases, after taking into account the fact that regional unemployment rates in Greece are subject to a structural break both in mean and the slope of the series, the null hypothesis of a unit root is not rejected, indicating that the Greek regional unemployment series are non-stationary with the presence of a structural break
The impact of uncertainty shocks on the volatility of commodity prices
In this paper, we empirically examine the impact of uncertainty shocks on the volatility of commodity prices. Using alternative measures of economic uncertainty for the U.S. we estimate their effects on commodity price volatility by employing both VAR and OLS regression models. We find that the unobservable economic uncertainty measures of Jurado et al. (2015) have a significant and long-lasting positive impact on the volatility of commodity prices. Our results indicate that a positive shock in both macroeconomic and financial uncertainty leads to a persistent increase in the volatility of the broad commodity market index and of the individual commodity prices, with the macroeconomic effect being more significant. The impact is stronger in energy commodities compared to the agricultural and metals markets. In addition, our findings show that the measure of unpredictability of the macroeconomic environment has the most significant impact on the commodity price volatility when compared to the observable measures of economic uncertainty that have a rather small and transitory effect. Finally, we show that uncertainty in the macroeconomy is significantly reduced after the occurrence of large commodity market volatility episodes
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Can the insider-outsider theory explain unemployment hysteresis in OCED countries?
The insider-outsider theory has been commonly used to explain the hysteretic behaviour of unemployment. However, there is no empirical evidence about the validity of insidersâ power on explaining the persistence of unemployment. This paper, using panel unit root tests that allow for the presence of covariates, addresses this gap and examines whether the insider-outsider theory, by means of various labour market proxies, can explain the hysteresis hypothesis for the OECD countries over 1960-2013. Our results show that although unemployment rate exhibits a pronounced hysteretic behaviour in OECD countries, this behaviour is reversed once we consider the insider-outsider proxies as covariates. This validates the role of insidersâ power as a key source of unemployment hysteresis
Commodity price volatility and the economic uncertainty of pandemics
In this paper, we empirically investigate the impact of pandemics on commodity price volatility. In specific, we explore the impact of economic uncertainty related to global pandemics on the volatility of the SandP GSCI commodity index as well as on the sub-indexes of crude oil and gold. The results show that uncertainty related to pandemics have a strong negative impact on the volatility of commodity markets and especially on crude oil market, while the effect on gold market is positive but less significant. Our findings remain robust to a series of robustness checks
Universal aspects of string propagation on curved backgrounds
String propagation on D-dimensional curved backgrounds with Lorentzian
signature is formulated as a geometrical problem of embedding surfaces. When
the spatial part of the background corresponds to a general WZW model for a
compact group, the classical dynamics of the physical degrees of freedom is
governed by the coset conformal field theory SO(D-1)/SO(D-2), which is
universal irrespective of the particular WZW model. The same holds for string
propagation on D-dimensional flat space. The integration of the corresponding
Gauss-Codazzi equations requires the introduction of (non-Abelian) parafermions
in differential geometry.Comment: 15 pages, latex. Typo in Eq. (2.12) is corrected. Version to be
published in Phys. Rev.
Hawking Radiation from Fluctuating Black Holes
Classically, black Holes have the rigid event horizon. However, quantum
mechanically, the event horizon of black holes becomes fuzzy due to quantum
fluctuations. We study Hawking radiation of a real scalar field from a
fluctuating black hole. To quantize metric perturbations, we derive the
quadratic action for those in the black hole background. Then, we calculate the
cubic interaction terms in the action for the scalar field. Using these
results, we obtain the spectrum of Hawking radiation in the presence of
interaction between the scalar field and the metric. It turns out that the
spectrum deviates from the Planck spectrum due to quantum fluctuations of the
metric.Comment: 35pages, 4 figure
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Labor reallocation: panel evidence from U.S. States
This paper re-examines Lilienâs sectoral shifts hypothesis for U.S. unemployment. We employ a monthly panel that spans from 1990:01 to 2011:12 for 48 U.S. states. Panel unit root tests that allow for cross-sectional dependence reveal the stationarity of unemployment. Within a framework that takes into account dynamics, parameter heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in the panel, we show that sectoral reallocation is significant not only at the aggregate level but also at the state level. The magnitude and the statistical significance of the latter as measured by Lilienâs index increases when both heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence are taken into account
139La NMR evidence for phase solitons in the ground state of overdoped manganites
Hole doped transition metal oxides are famous due to their extraordinary
charge transport properties, such as high temperature superconductivity
(cuprates) and colossal magnetoresistance (manganites). Astonishing, the mother
system of these compounds is a Mott insulator, whereas important role in the
establishment of the metallic or superconducting state is played by the way
that holes are self-organized with doping. Experiments have shown that by
adding holes the insulating phase breaks into antiferromagnetic (AFM) regions,
which are separated by hole rich clumps (stripes) with a rapid change of the
phase of the background spins and orbitals. However, recent experiments in
overdoped manganites of the La(1-x)Ca(x)MnO(3) (LCMO) family have shown that
instead of charge stripes, charge in these systems is organized in a uniform
charge density wave (CDW). Besides, recent theoretical works predicted that the
ground state is inhomogeneously modulated by orbital and charge solitons, i.e.
narrow regions carrying charge (+/-)e/2, where the orbital arrangement varies
very rapidly. So far, this has been only a theoretical prediction. Here, by
using 139La Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) we provide direct evidence that
the ground state of overdoped LCMO is indeed solitonic. By lowering temperature
the narrow NMR spectra observed in the AFM phase are shown to wipe out, while
for T<30K a very broad spectrum reappears, characteristic of an incommensurate
(IC) charge and spin modulation. Remarkably, by further decreasing temperature,
a relatively narrow feature emerges from the broad IC NMR signal, manifesting
the formation of a solitonic modulation as T->0.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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