Breeding records of hooded vultures Necrosyrtes monachus (Timminek, 1823) at Kpokap, Zango Kataf Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Nesting of vultures was studied alongside with their population and distribution. Vulture’s nest is usually occupied by male and female for successful incubation of egg(s) and rearing of the chick(s). Continuation and preservation of an organism is achieved through conducive breeding habitat; vultures inclusive. Two nests were found at Kpokap all on Giant cola tree (Cola gigantea). The nests were placed each at the fork of the tree trunk. Nest 1 was located at about 9.5m above the ground while nest 2 was located at about 8.5m above the ground. The monogamous vultures fly out from their nests but hoover around whenever they felt threatened. This study is aimed at preserving the breeding pairs of vultures found at the study areas as fast as possible

Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Hyptis Suavoelens on the Food, Water Consumption and Weight of Laboratory Experimental Rats

The need to identify medicinal plants that can be used in the treatment and control of malaria and other protozoal parasitic diseases is  underscored by the increasing resistance of Plasmodium(P.) species to hitherto widely used anti-malarial drugs such as chloroquine and more recently quinine. Resistance to these drugs which occurs with increasing frequency consequently underlies the necessity to develop  new agents for malaria chemotherapy, (family Labiatae) a plant traditionally used in the treatment of fever, as well as  related diseases and for repelling mosquitoes was screened for this purpose in the present study. The activities of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of this plant was  investigated against rodent , weight loss, feed and water consumption. A total of two hundred and fifteen animals, one hundred and fifteen Wistar rats and one hundred albino mice were used for the various aspect of the study. The LD50 of the extract was found to be 1264.91 + 0.51mg/kg (I.P) in mice and rats. Weight loss was observed in male and female rats to be significant (P < 0.05).Keywords :Ethanolic  leave  extract,  Plasmodium species,  family    Labiatae,  Hyptissuaveolens and malaria  chemotherapy

O tempora O mores: Building an epistemological procedure for modelling the socio-anthropological factors of rural Neolithic socio-ecological systems: Stakes, choices, hypotheses and constraints

International audienceTrying to model a rural society, and even more so a past and disappeared rural society, is a dangerous task in the sense that we deal with the complexity of a whole society whatever the purpose of the model, to integrate and/or to simplify in a proper manner. This article deals with this complexity mainly by exploring the least risky way to apprehend it: starting from the question to be modeled, it is possible to gradually define the different scales, the set of variables to be considered, and therefore the disciplines to be included and mobilized. Then comes only the evaluation of the data quality criteria but also of their source. We are continuing with the scheduling of modules describing the environment itself, the resource use practices, and finally societal rules. Finally, we discuss the methodological, social, and professional constraints in involving people in the creation of such models