Training of engineers in the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute before 1914 (on example of studying of a course of sciences by Boris Paustovsky, student of the Engineering Department)

Стаття присвячена підготовці інженерних кадрів в Київському політехнічному інституті під час навчання Б. Паустовського (1907–1914) Дано короткий огляд стану учбової частини інженерного відділення до вступу до інституту Б. Паустовського. Розкрита суть предметної системи, на конкретному прикладі показано вживання її правил, вказані причини тривалого перебування студентів в інституті. Представлено поетапне проходження курсу наук на інженерному відділенні на прикладі студента Б. Паустовського з дотриманням положення, статуту, правил для студентів, правил предметної системи, що діяли в інституті на той час. Використані архівні матеріали про навчання, оплату, військову повинність Б. Паустовського, складені таблиці успішності, які допомогли визначити вибрану ним спеціалізацію. Дослідження проводилося шляхом співставлення фактів з інших джерел і книжок брата Б. Паустовського – письменника Костянтина Паустовського, який описав польоти С. Уточкіна в Києві і участі в них студента Б. Паустовського, а також про його дружбу зі студентом І. Сікорським.The article is devoted to research of passing of course of sciences in the KPI during the 1907-1914, when student Boris Paustovsky was studying. The brief review of the state of educational part of Engineering Department before enrollment of Boris Paustovsky is presented. The essence of the subject system is exposed. On a concrete example an application of rules of the subject system is shown and also the reasons of long stay of students at the institute are indicated. The stage-by-stage passing of course of sciences on the example of student Boris Paustovsky is presented observing positions, regulations governed for students, rules of the subject system, operating at the institute in that time. The archived materials about studies, tuition fee and military obligation of Boris Paustovsky are collected. Evaluation tables which helped to define the specialization chosen by Boris Paustovsky, are made. The research was conducted using comparison of facts provided in different sources, for example books of his brother Konstantin Paustovsky who described interesting facts about flights of Serhiy Utochkin in Kyiv and how student Boris Paustovsky was participating, also facts about his friendship with student Igor Sikorsky was shown.Статья посвящена подготовке инженерных кадров в Киевском политехническом институте во время обучения Б. Паустовского (1907–1914). Дан краткий обзор состояния учебной части инженерного отделения до поступления в институт Б. Паустовского. Раскрыта суть предметной системы, на конкретном примере показано применение ее правил, указаны причины продолжительного пребывания студентов в институте. Представлено поэтапное прохождение курса наук на инженерном отделении на примере студента Б. Паустовского с соблюдением положения, устава, правил для студентов, правил предметной системы, действовавшие в институте на то время. Использованы архивные материалы по учебе, оплате, воинской повинности Б. Паустовского, составлены таблицы успеваемости, которые помогли определить выбранную им специализацию. Исследование проводилось путем сопоставления фактов из других источников и книг брата Б. Паустовского – писателя Константина Паустовского, который описал полеты С. Уточкина в Киеве и участие в них студента Б. Паустовского, а также о его дружбе со студентом И. Сикорским

The development of the worldskills movement in the Sverdlovsk region

О движении профессионального мастерства WorldSkills Russia в системе профессионального образования, государственный характер управления движением в Свердловской области, популяризация рабочих профессий и специальностей среди детей школьного возраста и учащихся молодежи.This article tells about WorldSkills Russia movement in the system of vocational education, the government character of the management of this movement in the Sverdlovsk region, the promotion of blue-collar occupations and specialties among pupils and students

Microstructural modifications in tungsten induced by high flux plasma exposure : TEM examination

We have performed microstructural characterization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques to reveal nanometric features in the sub-surface region of tungsten samples exposed to high flux, low energy deuterium plasma. TEM examination revealed formation of a dense dislocation network and dislocation tangles, overall resulting in a strong increase in the dislocation density by at least one order of magnitude as compared to the initial one. Plasma-induced dislocation microstructure vanishes beyond a depth of about 10 mu m from the top of the exposed surface where the dislocation density and its morphology becomes comparable to the reference microstructure. Interstitial edge dislocation loops with Burgers vector a(0)/2 and a(0) were regularly observed within 6 mu m of the sub-surface region of the exposed samples, but absent in the reference material. The presence of these loops points to a co-existence of nanometric D bubbles, growing by loop punching mechanism, and sub-micron deuterium flakes, resulting in the formation of surface blisters, also observed here by scanning electron microscopy

Using of Index Biological Integrity of Phytoplankton (P-IBI) in the Assessment of Water Quality in Don River Section

     تم تطبيق مؤشر الهائمات النباتية للتكامل الاحيائي ((P-IBI  في جميع أنحاء مدينة روستوف على دون (روسيا) في 8 محطات على نهر الدون من نيسان إلى تشرين الأول 2019. وكان لمؤشرP-IBI سبعة مقاييس: دليل غنى الأنواع، العدد الكلي للهائمات النباتية والكتلة الحيوية الكلية للهائمات النباتية والوفرة النسبية للطحالب الخضراء المزرقة، الطحالب الخضراء، الدايتومات والطحالب اليوغلينية. يقع متوسط قيم P-IBI  في حدود (45.9-52.4). لذلك، تميزت المياه في جميع أنحاء منطقة الدراسة بنوعية "سيئة" على حد سواء. أشر إلى الأثر السلبي البشري المكتشف في المحطات 1 ، 3،4 ، 7. في هذه المحطات هي : فوق مدينة روستوف على الدون(1 كم من مدينة أكساي) كان 38.57 في حزيران، والتدفق السفلي لنهر تيمرنك الذي كان 38.57- 41.42 في الصيف واسفل محطة تصريف المياه كان 38.57- 34.28 في شهر آب، لم يتم العثور على متوسط عينات ذات قيمة  P-IBI لأكثر من 56 ، والتي وصفت جودة المياه بأنها "عادلة"، في أي من المحطات. قد يكون التأثير السلبي على المياه في المحطات بسبب تأثير مدينة أكسي القريبة ، ويمكن أن يكون بسبب تأثير نهر تيميرنيك، ويبدو أن مؤشره هو مقياس فعال لمستويات الاضطرابات البشرية. يوصى بالمراقبة المستمرة بناءً على اختيار المقاييس الأنسب. في روسيا ((IBI ، P-(IBI)  لم يتم تطبيقه، لذلك يمكن اعتبار هذه الدراسة أول دراسة تجري تقييماً بيئياً لحالة نهر دون باستخدام مؤشر الهائمات النباتية للتكامل الاحيائي وطورت معايير مقياس نهر الدون (P-IBI ) المجاري المائية الأخرى في جنوب روسيا.       The multimetric Phytoplankton Index of Biological Integrity (P-IBI) was applied throughout Rostov on Don city (Russia) on 8 Locations in Don River from April – October 2019. The P-IBI is composed from seven metrics: Species Richness Index (SRI), Density of Phytoplankton and total biomass of phytoplankton and Relative Abundance (RA) for blue-green Algae, Green Algae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenaphyceae Algae. The average P-IBI values fell within the range of (45.09-52.4). Therefore, water throughout the entire study area was characterized by the equally "poor" quality. Negative points of anthropogenic impact detected at the stations are: Above the city of Rostov-on-Don (1 km, higher duct Aksai) was 38.57 in June, the lower inflow of the Temernik river  which was 38.57- 41.42 in summer and below the spillway was 38.57 -34.28 in August. At these stations, samples with P-IBI values more than 56, characterizing water quality as "Fair", were not found in any of the observations. The negative effect on the water at the stations may be due to the influence of the closely located Aksai city and the impact of the Temernik River. In Russia P-IBI have not been used yet, so this study can be considered as the first study that’s conducted to assess the environmental status of the Don River by using the phytoplankton index of Biological Integrity and has developed scoring criteria of the Don River (P-IBI) and other watercourses of the south of Russia. The continuous monitoring relaying on the selection of the most suitable metrics score is recommended

Protection of Indoor Air from Radioactive Gas Radon

A modern human receives most of the radioactive annual dose in buildings from radon and its progeny, which can cause lung cancer. In such conditions, the design of radon-safe buildings is an urgent task in the context of preserving the population collective health. The paper shows the inefficiency of using the radon flux density from the soil surface as a criterion for the potential radon hazard of a construction site due to its significant temporal and spatial variability. The design of an experimental device, which makes it possible to simulate the real conditions of radon transport in soil in laboratory conditions, is described, and the results of determining the dominant radon transport mechanism in soil by means of a laboratory experiment are presented. A method for determining the required radon resistance of the floor structure is proposed on the basis of the diffusion model of stationary transport

New Opportunities for the Humanities: Professional Polylogue in a Multilingual World Review of the first international scientific and practical conference “Professional polylogue in a multilingual world: language, culture, method” (Moscow, April 6–7, 2023)

This paper presents a review of the first International Scientific and Practical Conference “Professional Polylogue in a Multilingual World: Language, Culture, Method”, which was held at MGIMO University (Moscow, Russia) on April 6–7, 2023. The conference aimed to explore various issues related to linguistics, foreign language teaching, and socio-cultural factors in modern language education. The event brought together over 300 specialists who participated as speakers and active listeners in seven sections, three online discussion panels, a round table, and a student section “Potential”. Discussions included significant aspects of foreign language learning, trends and stages in foreign language teaching methods, the formation of professional identity in a multilingual world, and the cultural aspect of learning and self-development of both students and teachers

Adaptation techniques of an urban planning due to climate change

In this paper there is reviewed a concept of adaptation of an urban planning to the changing climate conditions. The statements of the Framework Convention on Climate Change, UN FCCC, which are actively discussed these days in conditions of new challenges, determine a necessity of applying scientifically reasoned approaches to the landscape development and city transformation considering the climate change in the urban environment. There are discussed statements of climate change adapted concept of the urban planning and are reviewed examples of urban solutions corresponding to these statements. The authors are convinced that problem solving of the climate change adapted urban planning requires an interdisciplinary approach, embracing multiple scientific directions such as ecological, urban, social, technical and technological. In this aspect the concept of adaptation the urban planning to volatile climate conditions represent a long-term strategy of the urban development, which is, first of all, requires a preparation of a roadmap and then decision making, which would conduce to forming a fully comfortable and safe urban environment

Numerical analysis of TDS spectra under high and low flux plasma exposure conditions

A recently developed numerical model, based on the dislocation-driven nucleation of gas bubbles, is used to analyse experimental results on deuterium retention in tungsten under ITER relevant plasma exposure conditions. Focus is placed on understanding the relation between exposure temperature and flux on primary features of thermal desorption spectra: peak positions and intensities of the desorption flux. The model allows one to relate the peak positions with the size of plasma induced deuterium bubbles and envisage exposure conditions (temperature and flux) for their formation. Based on the performed analysis, dedicated experimental conditions to validate the model are proposed