Model for early detection of non-compliance of process parameters in manufacturing systems

Doktorska disertacija se bavi razvojem konceptualnog modela za rano otkrivanje neusaglašenosti procesnih parametara (RONP) u proizvodnim sistemima. RONP model predstavlja hibridni model baziran na upotrebi fazi ekspertnih sistema i metoda napredne analitike, čiji je razvoj podeljen u sedam faza primenom i prilagođavanjem metodologije proučavanja podataka. Verifikacija modela je urađena u procesnoj industriji za proizvodnju podnih obloga od vinila gde je i eksperimentalno potvrđena njegova primenljivost.The Ph. D. thesis deals with the development of a conceptual model for early detection of non-compliance of process parameters in manufacturing systems. The model represents a hybrid model based on the use of fuzzy expert systems and advanced analytics methods. The development of the model is divided into seven phases by applying and adapting the data minig methodology. The verification of the model was done in the process industry for the production of vinyl flooring, where its applicability was experimentally confirmed

Examining submerged and solid-state cultivation course of hydrolytic enzymes production from wheat chaff

Agricultural waste represents an interesting raw material for biotechnological processes nowadays, due to its low price, favorable composition and availability. Wheat chaff, as a lignocellulosic by-product of wheat processing could be a suitable renewable source for producing hydrolytic enzymes for second generation ethanol production technologies. The aim of this work was to investigate the course of Trichoderma reesei cultivation for hydrolytic enzymes production by submerged and solid-state techniques on medium based on wheat chaff. Results show that the monitored values (hydrolytic enzymes activities, total protein content and reducing sugars content) vary significantly with cultivation time, thus there is a need for further optimization of this process parameter

Bioethanol production from milling industry by-product in a laboratory-scale bioreactor

Bioethanol produced by biomass fermentation is a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source and has significant potential as a replacement for liquid fossil fuels. Due to the world moving toward more sustainable energy sources, the production of bioethanol has been steadily increasing. This research aims to investigate the efficiency of bioethanol fermentation from a milling industry by-product in a laboratory-scale bioreactor. Prior to fermentation in a bioreactor, for preparation of a milling industry by-product, two different thermo-enzymatic procedures were investigated and compared, and based on the obtained results the more efficient procedure was selected and used for the experiment in a bioreactor. The bioethanol fermentation was carried out in a 14-litre bioreactor in batch mode under anaerobic conditions at 30°C. The obtained results showed that this by-product can be used for the production of bioethanol but that further optimization is necessary to improve the overall efficiency of the bioprocess

Biosynthesis of xanthan gum on wastewater from confectionary industry

Xanthan gum is one of the major commercial biopolymers employed in many industrial processes owing to its unique physical properties such as a high degree of pseudoplasticity and high viscosity even at low concentrations. Commercially available xanthan gum is relatively expensive due to glucose or sucrose being used as the sole carbon source for its production and cost reduction could be achieved by using less expensive substrates, such as food industrial wastewaters. Effluents from the confectionery industry, because of its high organic content, are significant environmental pollutants and before their release into environment it is necessary to purify them. The present study examines xanthan production by Xanthomonas campestris under aerobic conditions on wastewaters from five different factories of the confectionery industry. Xanthan yield was obtained as a quantitative characteristic of the process and was in the range between 4.28 g/L and 10.03 g/L and its quality is determined by following rheological characteristics of obtained cultivation media. The results obtained in this study indicate that wastewater from confectionary industry can be used as the basis of media for the production of this highly valuable product

Biosynthesis of xanthan gum on wastewater from confectionary industry

Xanthan gum is one of the major commercial biopolymers employed in many industrial processes owing to its unique physical properties such as a high degree of pseudoplasticity and high viscosity even at low concentrations. Commercially available xanthan gum is relatively expensive due to glucose or sucrose being used as the sole carbon source for its production and cost reduction could be achieved by using less expensive substrates, such as food industrial wastewaters. Effluents from the confectionery industry, because of its high organic content, are significant environmental pollutants and before their release into environment it is necessary to purify them. The present study examines xanthan production by Xanthomonas campestris under aerobic conditions on wastewaters from five different factories of the confectionery industry. Xanthan yield was obtained as a quantitative characteristic of the process and was in the range between 4.28 g/L and 10.03 g/L and its quality is determined by following rheological characteristics of obtained cultivation media. The results obtained in this study indicate that wastewater from confectionary industry can be used as the basis of media for the production of this highly valuable product

Optimization of cultivation medium for the production of antibacterial agents

Optimization of the cultivation medium for production of antibiotic effective against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus using strain of Streptomyces spp. isolated from the environment represents the aim of this study. After the biosynthesis, the medium was analyzed by determining residual sugar and nitrogen, and the antibiotic activity was determined using diffusion-disc method. Experiments were carried out in accordance with the Box-Behnken design, with three factors varied on three levels (glucose: 10.0, 30.0 and 50.0 g/L; soybean meal: 5.0, 15.0 and 25.0 g/L; phosphates: 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/L) and for the optimization of selected parameters Response Surface Methodology was used. The obtained model with the desirability function of 0.985 estimates that the lowest amounts of residual sugar (0.89 g/L) and nitrogen (0.24 g/L) and the largest possible inhibition zone diameter (21.88 mm) that with its antibiotic activity against S. aureus creates the medium containing 10.0 g/L glucose, 5.0 g/L soybean meal and 1.04 g/L phosphates

Sagorevanje otpadnog termobaričnog eksploziva pod kontrolisanim uslovima kao izvor energije

Thermobaric explosive mixtures are recently widely studied due to their specific energetic effects, especially regarding thermal output during the post-detonation combustion phase. Most of these mixtures contain as a very important component some metal powder fuel, which burns in contact with atmosphere oxygen or the oxidant component of the mixture after the initiation. This combustion process releases a large amount of thermal energy, which is recognized as a potential source of other types of energy if it were released and further transformed under controlled conditions. In this research, the possibility of controlled combustion of waste thermobaric explosives as a source of energy was considered. Thermobaric compositions containing aluminium, magnesium and boron powder were analysed. EXPLO5 software was used to calculate parameters of their isochoric and adiabatic combustion, to predict the potential thermal output of these mixtures. The selected compositions were experimentally examined in small samples by the method of calorimetry to determine their energetic potential during combustion in atmosphere of inert gas in a calorimetric bomb. The obtained results encourage further research into the possible applications of this thermal energy, which can be released not only in the reaction of a destructive explosion, but also by combustion under controlled conditions, as a quaternary recycling of waste explosives - a potential source of heat and electric energy.Termobarične eksplozivne smeše su u poslednje vreme dosta proučavane zbog specifičnih energetskih efekata, posebno u pogledu toplotnog dejstva tokom faze post-detonacionog sagorevanja. Većina ovih smeša sadrži kao veoma važnu gorivnu komponentu neki metalni prah koji nakon iniciranja sagoreva u kontaktu sa atmosferskim kiseonikom ili oksidatorskom komponentom smeše. Ovaj proces sagorevanja oslobađa veliku količinu toplotne energije, koja je prepoznata kao potencijalni izvor drugih vidova energij ukoliko bi se oslobađala i dalje transformisala pod kontrolisanim uslovima. U ovom istraživanju razmotrena je mogućnost kontrolisanog sagorevanja otpadnog termobaričnog eksploziva kao izvora energije. Analizirane su termobarične smeše koje sadrže prah aluminijuma, magnezijuma i bora. Za izračunavanje parametara njihovog izohorskog i adijabatskog sagorevanja korišćen je softver EXPLO5, za predviđanje potencijalnog toplotnog efekta ovih smeša. Odabrani sastavi su eksperimentalno ispitani metodom kalorimetrije na malim uzorcima kako bi se utvrdio njihov energetski potencijal pri sagorevanju u atmosferi inertnog gasa u kalorimetrijskoj bombi. Dobijeni rezultati podstiču dalje istraživanje mogućih primena ove toplotne energije koja se može osloboditi ne samo u reakciji destruktivne eksplozije, već i kroy sagorevanje u kontrolisanim uslovima, kao kvaternernu reciklažu otpadnih eksploziva - potencijalni izvor toplotne odnosno električne energije

XANTHAN PRODUCTION ON CRUDE GLYCEROL BY LAB-SCALE BIOREACTOR CULTIVATION OF LOCAL Xanthomonas ISOLATE

Intensive development of the global biodiesel industry has led to the generation of a large excess of crude glycerol, which is impure, and its disposal into the environment is unacceptable without previous purification. Since purification costs are high, the application of crude glycerol in biotechnological production of value-added products represents a promising solution for a sustainable utilization of this effluent. The aim of this study was to examine xanthan biosynthesis by the Xanthomonas PL 3 strain on a medium containing crude glycerol from biodiesel production in a laboratory-scale bioreactor in order to further scale up this bioprocess. Xanthan was produced by submerged cultivation in a crude glycerol-based medium (glycerol content of 20 g/L) in a 3 L lab-scale bioreactor (working volume of 2 L), under aerobic conditions for 168 h (0-48 h: 25°C, 1 vvm and 200 rpm; 48-168 h: 30 °C, 2 vvm, and agitation rate adjusted according to the dissolved oxygen concentration which was maintained at values higher than 30%). The bioprocess was monitored by the analysis of cultivation medium samples in predetermined time intervals, and its success was estimated based on the xanthan concentration in the medium, separated biopolymer average molecular weight and degree of nutrient conversion. In the applied experimental conditions, 11.10 g/L of xanthan with the average molecular weight of 2.85·105 g/moL was biosynthesized. At the end of this bioprocess, the degree of total glycerol, nitrogen and phosphorous conversion was 62.82%, 41.54% and 24.80%, respectively. Results obtained in this study suggest that the Xanthomonas PL 3 strain has the ability to produce xanthan of good quality on cultivation media containing crude glycerol from the biodiesel industry

Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate Encapsulated with Copper(II)/Iron(III) Oxide Nanoparticles

Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP), as a high energy oxidizer in composite solid rocket propellants (CSRP), greatly affects the burning rate of the propellant. This paper summarizes the results of a study of the synergistic catalytic activity of nano-CuO/Fe2O3 nanoparticles on thermal decomposition of AP. AP micro-particles are efficiently encapsulated with 1 and 5 wt.% of nano-CuO and/or nano-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by the fast-crash solvent-antisolvent technique. The efficiency of the encapsulation method was confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopy. Morphological characterization, performed using SEM-EDS microscopy, showed that encapsulation provides recrystallization and deagglomeration of AP and uniform nano-catalyst distribution. The catalytic efficiency of nano-CuO/ nano-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the thermal decomposition of AP was investigated using DSC, and an increase in released heat was observed from 1453 to 1628 J/g. The catalytic activities of performed nano-catalysts were proven by decreasing the HTD and merging with the low decomposition temperature peak. The highest catalytic effect was obtained after encapsulating with 5 wt.% of nano-CuO and nano-Fe2O3 combined in a 50/50 mass ratio due to multiple mechanisms of catalytic activity of nano-Fe2O3. The effect of AP encapsulation with nano-Fe2O3 on the burning rate of CSRP was investigated and the obtained results showed a favorable effect on the combustion rate law. © 2023 Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Polan

Efficiency of the interfacial charge transfer complex between TiO2 nanoparticles and caffeic acid against DNA damage in vitro: A combinatorial analysis

The genotoxic and antigenotoxic behavior of the interfacial charge transfer (ICT) complex between nano-sized TiO2 particles and caffeic acid (CA) was studied in in vitro experiments. The formation of the ICT complex is indicated by the appearance of absorption in visible-spectral range. The continual variations method indicated bridging coordination between the ligand, caffeic acid, and the surface Ti atoms, while the stability constant of the ICT complex was found to be 1.5x10(3) mol(-1) L. An agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical results, based on the density functional theory, was found. The ICT complex and its components did not display genotoxicity in the broad concentration range 0.4. 8.0 mg mL(-1) TiO2 at a mole ratio c(TiO2)/c(CA) = 8. On the other hand, post-treatment of damaged DNA by the ICT complex induced antigenotoxic effect at lower concentrations, but at higher concentrations, 5.125-10.250 mg mL(-1) ICT, the ICT complex did not show any beneficial effect on H2O2-induced DNA damaged cells. The experimental data were analyzed using the combinatorial method to determine the effect of component interaction on the genotoxic and antigenotoxic behavior of the ICT complex