Using Fuzzy Set Approaches in a Raster GIS for Land Suitability Assessment at a Regional Scale: Case Study in Maros Region, Indonesia

Recently, spatial data on land resources have become more available, detailed, and sophisticated. Accordingly, it requires a method that could deal with those complex and detailed data in an effective way. A fuzzy set method with the semantic import model (SIM) was utilized within a raster GIS (geographic information systems) to analyze the area of Maros Regency on a reconnaissance scale basis. In this study, land attribute values were converted into continuous values (ranging from 0 to 1.0), according to the class limit determined based on field experiences, results of experiments, or fixed conventional standards. The evaluation criteria were based on land attributes which are divided into two main components: soil profile and topography. Each of land attributes within each component was valued from 0 (minimum) to 1.0 (maximum) according to the suitability of maize. Those values were represented as membership values, also ranging from 0 to 1.0. The result from land suitability analysis in Maros Regency for maize cultivation indicates that around 25% of land areas have a land suitability index (LSI) value of above 0.70 (suitable and very suitable), about 11% fall between 0.50 and 0.70 (moderately suitable), and 63% under 0.5 (not suitable). The main limiting factor for maize cultivation in this region is topography, especially slope gradient (s)

GIS-Based Modelling of Land Use Dynamics Using Cellular Automata and Markov Chain

Today, land use change has become one of the major issues in a developed region. Therefore, it is always important to monitor land use change within a certain period of time and predict patterns of future land use change on a spatial basis. The main objective of this research is to assess land use change in Maros regency up to a 20 year period. The analysis of land use change utilizes an integration method of Cellular Automata and Markov Chain (Cellular Automata-Markov) in Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). The procedures used include: (i)) a preliminary data processing (geometric correction, radiometric correction, preparation of the composite image, object recognition) of Landsat images acquired in 2004, 2009, and 2012; (ii) classification of multispectral imagery; (iii) probability analysis to generate Transitional Probability Matrix, Transitional Area Matrix, and Markov factors; (iv) validation of raster Markov RGF 2012 image layer with 2012 land use using a Kappa index; (v) using the same analysis in step (iii) but considering the driving factors of land use change and constrains; (vi) Analysis using Cellular Automata-Markov to generate land use change in the next 20 years. The results show that in year 2029, an increase in built up area, but on the other hand, a decline in agricultural land use especially paddy fields, agricultural land, water bodies, and other uses. In terms of land use decision making perspective, such information may be used to direct land use change to a more beneficial and sustainable situation. Keywords: land use change; Cellular Automata-Markov; remote sensing; GI

LAND USE CHANGES WITH A PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO SPATIAL PLANNING REGULATIONS AT MAMMINASATA REGION: AN ANALYSIS USING GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

The main purpose of this study is to assess land use change in Mamminasata region, and to examine spatial matching between present land uses and their changes and spatial planning regulations for Mamminasata region, one of the strategic regions in Indonesia. This study employs integrated techniques of ground surveys, remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS) technology. Spatial information used in this research includes SPOT XS images (resolution 20 meters), ALOS Prism (panchromatic) images (resolution 2.5 meters), and a set of vector data bases developed by local government. Time series land use/land cover layers were originated from the above images (year 2009 and 2012), where visual interpretation and image analysis were performed to classify land use/land cover for the two dates. The results show that some areas that should be protected according to the Mamminasata land use scheme, in fact, were converted to, or already been practiced for long as, the management functions, like dryland agriculture, paddyfield, and residential. At the same time, land use/land cover change analysis also indicates that residential area has increased substantially within the last three years, followed by a substantially decrease in agriculture land. Such land use change information set may give insights into the future anticipation of land use development on the region on a spatial basis, and thus useful for devising the future land resource management control

FUZZY BASED DECISION ANALYSIS IN LAND USE PLANNING

Appropriate land use decisions are vital to achieve optimum productivity of the land and to ensure sustainable land use and environment. From a land use planning perspective, identification of suitable locations for a given type of land use is necessary for decision makers to formulate land use alternatives in different locations, based on existing land potential and constraints. To achieve this, it requires an effective management of spatial information on the land on which such decisions should be based. For a region where complex land use occurs, use of a simple method that implements a categorical system and considers only limited land characteristics in the planning analysis is often inadequate to arrive at an optimal spatial decision. The primary aim of this paper is to develop spatial modeling procedures for land use analysis using a fuzzy set approach within a geographical information systems (GIS) environment. The main sources of data bases used include digital topographic map, soil map and soil characteristics derived from available data at reconnaissance level and semi detailed survey, climate data, and satellite imagery (LANDSAT and ALOS), as well as local spatial planning data. A semantic import model of fuzzy set (SIM) was used to generate land suitability index in a continuous form (from 0 to 1.0). Local spatial planning regulation data were transformed to an index related to the degree of possible change in the future (also from 0 to 1.0). Spatial matching was then performed to identify the degree of match between the quality of land in terms of its potential for a given type of land use and the degree of possible land use change in the future. The preliminary results of analysis show that quite a large area of the region currently identified as high degree for possible change to non-agricultural uses match with good quality land (high land suitability index) for agricultural development. This revels that within the timelines of spatial planning regulation (20 years), a large area of built-up area will occur in the forest and agriculture zones. The spatial based method as demonstrated in this study can be further used at a micro scale assessment where the spatial data are available with a good mapping accuracy

POTENSI KONFLIK PENGGUNAAN LAHAN PERSAWAHAN DI KABUPATEN GOWA PADA KAWASAN STRATEGIS NASIONAL MAMMINASATA: Potential Conflicts of The Rice Field Land-Use in Gowa District on Mamminasata National Strategic Area

The rate of the population growth was accompanied with the increased number of economic growth year by year in Gowa District on the KSN Mamminasata trigger the competition of using the potential land leading to the land-use conflicts. This research aims to assess the rice field land-use potential conflicts. The map of land-use, the map of spatial pattern of RTRW in Gowa District, and the agricultural land for sustainable food crops zonation map was interpreted and collated to get a general overview of potential land-use conflicts that may occur and determine potential conflicts of government regulation sector. Then interviews were conducted with farmers using a purposive sampling questionnaire method to determine their land use preferences for the land they currently manage. It is then tabulated in the form of a typology to describe the distribution of potential land use conflicts. The results showed that the existing irrigated rice fields in Gowa District spread over nine sub-districts which all are included in the KSN Mamminasata with the total area at 19,053.27 ha and the rest of 4,229.65 ha were not included in the plan of the wetland agricultural areas, yet those belong to in residential and educational areas. In addition, there was land at 2,493.26 ha included in the zonation ALSF and ARLSF. There were 17 villages which had the higher number of rice field preferences than the residential preferences. The differences from these land-use preferences can trigger into the land-use conflicts between the parties occurred

Variability of Maize Yield Over Different Soil Types and Land Suitability Indices In The Humid Tropics, South Sulawesi Indonesia

An attempt of understanding the influence of land characteristics on crop yields is useful in designing site specific management of land resources. Characteristics of soil and climate in the humid tropics like Indonesia vary considerably among agroecological zones.   The primary aim of this study is to assess the correlation between land characteristics and maize yields; and to evaluate the variability of land index over different soil types in the humid tropics of South Sulawesi, Indonesia.  As many as 30 soil profiles were made at study area within fourteen different soil types with traditional maize cultivation. A linear regression with Pearson correlation analysis was undertaken to evaluate maize yields at different soil and climate characteristics.  It was found that soil pH, base saturation, and organic carbon have a significant correlation with maize yield with R2 value of 0.705, 0.741, and 0.683, respectively.  The analysis also shows that correlation between land suitability index and maize yield reaches an R2 value of 0.807.  The scatter points in the diagram depict a good indication that the higher the land index the better maize yield can be produced in the area under consideration.  Suitability analysis indicates that land suitability index (I) value ranges from 11.5 to 55.0, with  maize yield from  1.6  ton/ha (Typic Dystrudepts) to 5.2 ton/ha (Typic Haplustalfs) and parametric suitability classes are S2 (moderately suitable), S3 (marginally suitable), N1 (currently not suitable), and N2 (permanently not suitable). Keywords: Land suitability index; humid tropics; maize; South Sulawes

GIS-Based Soil Erosion Modeling for Assessing Land Suitability in the Urban Watershed of Tallo River, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Urban watershed is a discrete and complex system where a diverse number of factors govern its quality and health. Soil erosion by water is the most dominant factor that determines a watershed quality, and considered as one of the most significant forms of land degradation that affects sustained productivity of land use. The principal aim of this paper is to utilise spatial-based soil erosion information to assess land suitability at a\ud watershed level. The specific aim is three-fold: (i) to develop techniques based on a GIS in the parameterisation of a soil erosion model, which is designed for use at a large scale assessment; (ii) to assess and map the spatial distribution of average annual rate of soil losses in; (iii) to employ such related concept as soil loss tolerance to\ud determine land suitability at a watershed level. An analytical procedure is used to analyse an urban watershed of Tallo River, in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, with a total area of 43,422 ha. The procedure is executed using RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation), in a GIS environment, utilising available information in the region (including climate, soil, slope, and land use and land conservation practices), and with the assistance of ground surveys. The results indicate that around 56.5% of the area experience annual soil loos of less than 1 ton/ha/year, while erosion rate of more than 25 ton/ha/year covers a total area of 8.9%. Due to a good ground cover in forested land, most of the slopping areas have actual soil losses of 1-5 ton/ha/year. This study reveals\ud that areas categorized as high risk, where only forest cover allowed consist of 9.4%, and those with very low risk cover a total area of 5.4%. Most of the study region (around 84%) experience moderate and low erosion risk, and suitable for cropping with special management practices (CS) + perennial crops (PC) + grass (GR) + and forest (FR). This study suggests that the outputs of this modeling procedure can be used for the identification of land management units based on degradation levels, as well as the most suitable land use to be practiced on individual land units on a sustainable basis

KERAWANAN BENCANA TANAH LONGSOR DI WILAYAH HULU DAS JENEBERANG DENGAN ANALISIS GID-3D

The assessment of landslide hazard and risk has become a topic of major interest for both geoscientists and engineering professionals as well as for local communities and administrations in many parts of the world. Recently, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with their excellent spatial data processing capacity, have attracted great attention in natural disaster assessment. In this paper, an assessment of landslide hazard at Upper Area of Jeneberang Watershed has been studied using GIS technology. By simulating the potential landslide according the minimum safety factor value using GIS, it can be expected that great contribution as a basic decision making for many prevention works before future landslide occurs at Jeneberang River Watershed, South Sulawesi, Indonesi

Landuse Changes Refer to Spatial Planning Regulations at Kelara Watershed Area: An Analysis Using Geospatial Information Technology

The purpose of this study is to analyze land use changes in the Kelara watershed and to assess the suitability of current land use changes with the spatial planning regulation of Jeneponto within Kelara basin. This study integrates various survey techniques, remote sensing, and geographic information system technology analysis. Geospatial information used in this study consists of Landsat ETM 7+ satellite imagery (2009) and Landsat 8 (2014) as well as a number of spatial data based on vector data which is compiled by the Jeneponto Government. Remote sensing data using two time series (2009 and 2014) are analyzed by means of supervised classification and visual classification.  The analysis indicated that land use type for the paddy fields and forests (including mangroves) converted become a current land use which is inconsistent with the spatial planning regulation of Jeneponto.The use of land for settlement tends to increase through conversion of wetlands (rice fields). These conditions provide an insight that this condition will occur in the future, so that providing the direction of land use change can be better prepared and anticipated earlier

Developing Web-GIS for The Provincial Spatial Planning Database

ABSTRACT:\ud It is an undeniable fact that the advancement of information technology has provided an excellent\ud problem solving related to managing spatial information nowadays. Unfortunately the advancement of\ud this technology has not been used to the outmost due to the lack of implementation in the area of\ud Spatial and Regional Planning in Indonesia. Indonesian government has approved the Act No. 26 of\ud 2007 which has mandated all the provinces, districts, and the city should have the Spatial Plan and\ud Detailed Spatial Plan for development in the area can be properly implemented. To realize the\ud implementation of appropriate spatial planning law, local governments still have to face issues that are\ud considerably basic; this is the lack of human resources in the understanding and implementation of\ud spatial planning. On the other hand demands that society is based on the awareness of the function and\ud role of good spatial planning has also increased. Based on these facts an application where the spatial\ud arrangement can be acceptable to all parties needed to be supported by regular, consistent, and\ud sustainable efforts. One of the efforts is developed by this study, namely developing the Provincial\ud Spatial Planning Database System (Sistem Informasi Tata Ruang, SIMTARU) through Regional\ud Spatial Development Implementation in South Sulawesi Province which is activity-based WEB GIS\ud database preparation. This activity is closely associated with aspects of land use district / city in the\ud province of South Sulawesi. The application system is developed to focus on the data collectivity and\ud the enhancement of the system capability. Data collectivity includes entry and data integration\ud compiled by the operators to the users. The main emphasis of this database development study is more\ud on data base management systems and WEB GIS application program. Data were collected and\ud integrated into a system of basic data of a general nature, such as base maps, satellite image data, map\ud forest areas and public infrastructure data and its attributes. The challenge of this study is to publish\ud the database to the web using programming language of PHP-Mapserver and continuously updating\ud the database. Coordination among the sub provincial level (kabupaten) is highly concerned in the data\ud collectivity. In conclusion, some functions of spatial analysis in the system have not been developed to\ud the fullest which is therefore there are a lot of spares for further development