Changes to Species Diversity of Vegetation Communities during Restorative Successions in Different Types of Forests

In this work, we study changes in species diversity of vegetation communities during restorative successions at logging sites in different types of forests, using the South Ural region as an example. Data from 180 geobotanical relevés of logging sites and secondary forests of different ages of the four main types of the South Ural region forest communities (cool-temperate dark-coniferous, nemoral broad-leaved, hemiboreal light-coniferous and boreal light-coniferous forests) were analyzed. Trends in changes to species diversity manifest themselves in different ways during each stage of the ‘native forest – logging – secondary forest’ succession sequence. In broad-leaved and cool-temperate dark-coniferous forests, changes in species diversityfollow the parabolic trajectory during restorative successions at clear-cutting sites; in other words, the diversity initially increases and then decreases during the progress of the succession. This is caused by the introduction of invasive synanthropic species during the early stages of the succession. The level of species diversity at clear-cutting sites in hemiboreal light-coniferous forests barely changes due to the rapid expansion of reed grass, which prevents the invasion of synanthropic species in the logging areas. Keywords: species diversity, restorative succession, logging, secondary forests, synanthropic specie

Bryophyte Diversity of Calcareous Fens in the Bashkir Cis-Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan, the Southern Urals)

The bryophyte diversity of base-rich fens was studied in 16 calcareous mires of the Bashkir Cis-Urals (the Southern Ural region). Thirty-seven moss species and nine liverworts were recorded in treeless communities dominated by Schoenus ferrugineus, Molinia caerulea, small sedges and mosses. The annotated species list with precise locations is provided. Most of the surveyed mires are located in the northeastern part of the Bashkir Cis-Urals, that is, in the Mesyagutovo forest-steppe bordering with the western foothills of the Southern Ural Mountains. In the plain areas of the western part of the Bashkir Cis-Urals, calcareous mires are very rare and characterized by the low number of habitat specialists. Arctic-boreo-alpine species (Cinclidium stygium,Paludella squarrosa, Palustriella decipiens, Pseudocalliergon trifarium, etc.) make up approximately 30% of the total bryophyte diversity of the surveyed fens. In the study area, these species grow in small isolated populations at the southern limit of the species range. Currently, only half of the surveyed calcareous mires are located within protected areas. It is essential to improve the protection of these unique habitats inthe study area. Keywords: calcareous mires, base-rich fens, bryophytes, the Southern Ural

New national and regional bryophyte records, 59

Peer reviewe

Случай тяжелого трихинеллеза у девочки-подростка в Самарской области

Discribe the case of severe flow of а trichinosis in a girl 15 years old. The symptoms are an acute to x ico-allergological syndrome, generalized swelling myalgia and myasthenia with the full adynamia, infectios-toxicology kidney, an acute hypoalbuminemia with development polyserositis, adsence eosinophilia.Описан случай тяжелого течения трихинеллеза у девочки 15 лет, маркерами которого являлись: выраженный токсико-аллергический синдром, генерализованные отеки, миалгии и миастении с полной адинамией, инфекционно-токсическая почка, выраженная гипоальбуминемия с развитием полисерозита, отсутствие эозинофилии

A miniature world in decline: European Red List of Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts

AimThis Red List is a summary of the conservation status of the European species of mosses, liverworts and hornworts, collectively known as bryophytes, evaluated according to IUCN’s Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Level. It provides the first comprehensive, region-wide assessment of bryophytes and it identifies those species that are threatened with extinction at a European level, so that appropriate policy measures and conservation actions, based on the best available evidence, can be taken to improve their status.ScopeAll bryophytes native to or naturalised in Europe (a total of 1,817 species), have been included in this Red List. In Europe, 1,796 species were assessed, with the remaining 21 species considered Not Applicable (NA). For the EU 28, 1,728 species were assessed, with a remaining 20 species considered NA and 69 species considered Not Evaluated (NE). The geographical scope is continentwide, extending from Iceland in the west to the Urals in the east, and from Franz Josef Land in the north to theCanary Islands in the south. The Caucasus region is not included. Red List assessments were made at two regional levels: for geographical Europe and for the 28 Member States of the European Union.ResultsOverall, 22.5% of European bryophyte species assessed in this study are considered threatened in Europe, with two species classified as Extinct and six assessed as Regionally Extinct (RE). A further 9.6% (173 species) are considered Near Threatened and 63.5% (1,140 species) are assessed as Least Concern. For 93 species (5.3%), there was insufficient information available to be able to evaluate their risk of extinction and thus they were classified as Data Deficient (DD). The main threats identified were natural system modifications (i.e., dam construction, increases in fire frequency/intensity, and water management/use), climate change (mainly increasing frequency of droughts and temperature extremes), agriculture (including pollution from agricultural effluents) and aquaculture.RecommendationsPolicy measures• Use the European Red List as the scientific basis to inform regional/national lists of rare and threatened species and to identify priorities for conservation action in addition to the requirements of the Habitats Directive, thereby highlighting the conservation status of bryophytes at the regional/local level.• Use the European Red List to support the integration of conservation policy with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other national and international policies. For example, CAP Strategic Plans should include biodiversity recovery commitments that could anticipate, among others, the creation of Important Bryophyte Areas. An increased involvement of national environmental agencies in the preparation of these strategic plans, and more broadly in ongoing discussions on the Future CAP Green Architecture, would likely also ensure the design of conservation measures better tailored to conserve bryophytes in agricultural landscapes.• Update the European Red List every decade to ensure that the data remains current and relevant.• Develop Key Biodiversity Areas for bryophytes in Europe with a view to ensuring adequate site-based protection for bryophytes.Research and monitoring• Use the European Red List as a basis for future targeted fieldwork on possibly extinct and understudied species.• Establish a monitoring programme for targeted species (for example, threatened species and/or arable bryophytes).• Use the European Red List to obtain funding for research into the biology and ecology of key targeted species.Action on the ground• Use the European Red List as evidence to support multi-scale conservation initiatives, including designation of protected areas, reform of agricultural practices and land management, habitat restoration and rewilding, and pollution reduction measures.• Use the European Red List as a tool to target species that would benefit the most from the widespread implementation of the solutions offered by the 1991 Nitrates Directive (Council Directive 91/676/EEC), including the application of correct amounts of nutrients for each crop, only in periods of crop growth under suitable climatic conditions and never during periods of heavy rainfall or on frozen ground, and the creation of buffer zones to protect waters from run-off from the application of fertilizers.Ex situ conservation• Undertake ex situ conservation of species of conservation concern in botanic gardens and spore and gene banks, with a view to reintroduction where appropriate.</p

The Outcomes of Very Early Preterm Births in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Protection of maternal and child health is a special health care industry. It largely determines the future of the nation. Therefore, it is an important matter of the state. This article presents an analysis of cases of very early preterm births (VEPB) and their outcomes in 2012-2014 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (RS (Y)). Retrospective analysis of the cases of VEPB and of the status of health of the babies born before 28 weeks of gestation was conducted during the research. The group at risk of VEPB consisted of women with burdened obstetric and gynecological history. The main causes of VEPB were premature amniorrhexis in pregnant women with carriage of infections and life-threatening severe pre-eclampsia. In the structure of morbidity of very preterm babies the first place among the main diseases belongs to perinatal lesion of CNS, the second place belongs to respiratory distress syndrome, and the third place to infectious and inflammatory diseases. In the structure of death, 57.1 % of fatal cases are babies with a term of gestation less than 28 weeks. The causes of mortality were respiratory distress syndrome, congenital pneumonia, and intraventricular hemorrhage

Urbanization, or a Modern Representation of «Cities of the Future»

Рассмотрена тема строительства «города будущего» в России и зарубежных странах. Представлены лучшие российские и европейские проекты будущего. Исследование проводилось с целью выявления технологий для развития направления строительства и рынка недвижимости. Установлены недостатки и затруднения реализации умных проектов урбанизации в Российской Федерации. Предложены методы улучшения, внедрения и развития строительства городов будущего.The topic of construction of the "city of the future" in Russia and foreign countries is considered. The best Russian and European projects of the future are presented. The research was conducted in order to identify technologies for the development of the construction direction and the real estate market. The disadvantages and difficulties of implementing smart urbanization projects in the Russian Federation are identified. The methods of improvement, implementation and development of the construction of cities of the future are proposed

Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool for AB0 Blood Group Determination

The simplicity and convenience of collecting saliva, as well as its component composition, make this biological fluid a common object of laboratory research, in particular for detecting the nucleic acids of viruses and bacteria, monitoring certain clinical conditions. The range of clinical situations where to use saliva as a diagnostic tool is becoming increasingly widespread and also includes determination of secretory status. The aim of this paper is to characterize the secretory status of the oral fluid, depending on the presence of group-specific antigens of the AB0 system. Antigens of the AB0 system are commonly considered in the context of immunohematology and transfusiology, however, there are new data about the significance of the research in saliva. These results are interesting not only for practical medicine as a convenient and non-invasive diagnostic method, but also for solving fundamental problems. Determining glycome of patient's oral fluid as an individual specific parameter will help to create a new personalized approach in preclinical diagnosis and develop preventive measures for many known diseases

Specificity of the metabolism response, caused by AB0-belonging on action of biologically active materials

Erythrocytes' quantitative and structurally functional parameters of clinically healthy persons with various АВ0-belonging were studied. Group-specific features of the given cells were revealed. Dependence of the metabolic answer character to action of biologically active materials of an exogenous and endogenous parentage on a AB0-group is studied. It is established, that the most expressed changes of erythrocytes indicators under the influence of a pyruvate, oxaloacetate, ethanol and silistrong are observed at persons with the fourth blood groups. The received results open molecular bases of the specific answer of an organism on action of endogenous and exogenous bioregulators

Сase of Severe Trichinosis in a Girl-Adolescent in the Samara Region

Discribe the case of severe flow of а trichinosis in a girl 15 years old. The symptoms are an acute to x ico-allergological syndrome, generalized swelling myalgia and myasthenia with the full adynamia, infectios-toxicology kidney, an acute hypoalbuminemia with development polyserositis, adsence eosinophilia