Dough rheology and bread quality of supplemented flours Reología de la masa y calidad del pan de harinas suplementadas

A commercial flour was alternatively supplemented with five enzymatic and two chemical additives. Two levels of addition were considered. The effects of additives on dough behavior and bread quality depended on the type of promoted biochemical reaction and, in some cases, were dose-dependent. Deformation energy (W) proved to be the best single predictor of the specific volume (SV) (R = 0.847) whereas the height/width ratio (HW) was better predicted by dough development time (DDT) (R = −0.619). The application of response surface regression followed by stepwise regression allowed to write two equations. The SV was greatly and positively affected by W, DDT, E (extensibility) and resistance to extensibility (R). Observed and predicted values were highly correlated (R = 0.931). The model did not allow to generalize the positive dependence of the HW ratio of the central slice on W and softening, although predicted and observed values correlated together at middle strong level (R = 0.704). Una harina comercial ..

New archosaur remains from the portezuelo formation (turonian– coniacian, upper cretaceous) of “Los Bastos” locality (Senillosa, Neuquén province, Argentina)

In the central Neuquén Basin, the Portezuelo Formation is represented with extended fluvial outcrops, many of whom are well-known for yielded an abundant vertebrate fossil record. In this contribution we report new archosaur remains from “Los Bastos” locality (Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina), which here are preliminary assigned to pterosaur, sauropod and theropod dinosaurs. Most of the fossils were found associated in situ in a well-cemented paleosoil composed by coarsegrained and browned sandstones, while other isolated materials were recovered few hundred meters away. Most relevant sauropod elements are: a fragmentary cone-chisel-like tooth with single high-angled wear-facet (MMS-PV-20), two procoelic anterior caudal vertebrae with neural arch beyond the anterior articular surface (MMS-PV-09-10), and a femur with anteroposteriorly well-compressed diaphysis and a prominent lateral bulge (MMS-PV-15). According to size and diagnostic features of each element we tentatively refer these bones to Titanosauria indet. Other materials are an incomplete theropod humerus (MMS-PV-18) with an internal tuberosity connected with humeral head and a low great tubercle, and four incomplete weakly-amphicoelous dorsal centra, with a shallow lateral fossa, which we assigned to Theropoda indet. (MMS-PV-22, 23, 24). An incomplete femur of a large pterosaur specimen (MMS-PV-21) with a wellmarked lesser trocanther and thin bone-wall was also found. In the “Los Bastos” locality, the Portezuelo Formation is associated to a meandering, high-sinuosity fluvial environment, as well as in type-locality. These new archosaur materials increase the Portezuelo Formation vertebrate fossil record for central Patagonia, and improve the faunal diversity regarded for Los Bastos locality of south Neuquén Province.Fil: Bellardini, Flavio. Museo de Ciencias Naturales Paleontología y Arquelogía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología; ArgentinaFil: Baiano, Mattia Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología; Argentina. Provincia del Neuquén. Municipalidad de Plaza Huincul. Museo "Carmen Funes"; ArgentinaII Jornadas de Paleovertebrados de la Cuenca NeuquinaNeuquénArgentinaUniversidad Nacional del Comahu

Revisiting Velocisaurus unicus Bonaparte 1991 (Theropoda, Ceratosauria, Noasauridae): inferences on the Noasauridae/Abelisauridae systematic

In 1991, Bonaparte described Velocisaurus unicus upon an almost complete right tibia and a near complete right autopodium. He regarded this specimen a new taxon on the base of a metatarsal II and IV very mediolaterally compressed, being the metatarsal III two to three times wider than metatarsals II and IV. Brusatte and Carrano considered this taxon devoid of peculiar characters, although they kept it valid on the base of its provenance. In contrast, Brisson and colleagues reported a new specimen of this species and reinforced its validity by identifying three new autapomorphies. Indeed, all Velocisaurus’s autapomorphies cited by the aforementioned authors seem to have a rather wide distribution within Noasauridae, or even they are convergent with Abelisauridae. For instance, a triangular transverse section of the proximal end of the femur (hypertrophy of anterior muscular line) is present also in the abelisaurids Ekrixinatosaurus, Xenotarsosaurus, Skorpiovenator and Aucasaurus; the presence of transversely thin metatarsals II and IV are typical of noasaurids, however, the rod-like shape of metatarsals II mentioned by Brisson and colleagues is based on a fragmentary and weathered specimen; a phalanx IV-1 with a triangular proximal surface, and a dorsal facet narrower than the ventral one with a medial tilting is present also in Vespersaurus, Skorpiovenator and Aucasaurus. Although we regard Velocisaurus unicus as representative of a likely valid taxon, the discovery of additional specimens with new anatomical data will be essential for the taxonomy of this form.Fil: Baiano, Mattia Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología; Argentina. Provincia del Neuquén. Municipalidad de Plaza Huincul. Museo "Carmen Funes"; ArgentinaFil: Coria, Rodolfo Anibal. Provincia del Neuquén. Municipalidad de Plaza Huincul. Museo "Carmen Funes"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaII Jornadas de Paleovertebrados de la Cuenca NeuquinaNeuquénArgentinaUniversidad Nacional del Comahu

Restos de Allosauroideo (Theropoda, Tetanurae) de la formación sierra barrosa (Coniaciano Medio, Cretácico Superior), Patagonia, Argentina

La fauna de terópodos del Cretácico Tardío de América del Sur está compuesta por Abelisauridae, Noasauridae, Carcharodontosauridae, Spinosauridae, Megaraptora y Coelurosauria. Estos grupos incluyen mayormente taxones de pequeño (Noasauridae y Coelurosauria) y de mediano a gran tamaño (Abelisauridae, Carcharodontosauridae y Megaraptora). Algunos de estos linajes son predominantemente gondwánicos (Abelisauridae, Noasauridae, Carcharodontosauridae, Megaraptora) y poco representados en los continentes laurásicos. Particularmente, distintos terópodos han sido reportados desde la Patagonia, conocidos o por sus distintivas características anatómicas o por su grado de preservación, tales como Carnotaurus, Skorpiovenator, Giganotosaurus, Megaraptor, Alvarezsaurus y Unenlagia. Aquí describimos una nueva tibia incompleta (MAU-PV-CM-653) proveniente de la Formación Sierra Barrosa (Coniaciano medio, Cretácico Superior), Patagonia, Argentina. MAU-PV-CM-653 muestra una cresta cnemial reducida anteroposteriormente, que está fuertemente curvada lateralmente. Finalmente, la tibia carece de una extensión proximal de la cresta fibular. Estos rasgos hacen recordar una morfología de tetanuro y, junto con la procedencia estratigráfica de MAU-PV-CM-653, nos permite asignarla a un terópodo allosauroideo, y por ende mejorar el registro global de Allosauroidea para la parte media del Cretácico Tardío.The late Cretaceous theropod fauna of South America is composed of Abelisauridae, Noasauridae, Spinosauridae, Carcharodontosauridae, Megaraptora, and Coelurosauria. These groups include mostly small (Noasauridae and Coelurosauria) and medium to- tolarge-sized taxa (Carcharodontosauridae, Abelisauridae, and Megaraptora). Some of these lineages are predominantly Gondwanic (Abelisauridae, Noasauridae, Carcharodontosauridae, Megaraptora) and poorly represented in Laurasian landmasses. Particularly, several theropods have been reported from Patagonia, known either due to distinct anatomical features or due to their high degree of preservation, such as Carnotaurus, Skorpiovenator, Giganotosaurus, Megaraptor, Alvarezsaurus, and Unenlagia. here we describe a new incomplete tibia (MAU-PV-CM-653) from the Sierra Barrosa Formation (middle Coniacian, Upper Cretaceous), Patagonia, Argentina. MAU-PV-CM-653 shows an anteroposteriorly reduced cnemial crest that is strongly curved laterally. Finally, the tibia lacks a proximal extension of the fibular crest. These traits are reminiscent of tetanuran morphology and, together with the stratigraphic provenance of MAU-PV-CM-653, they allow us to assign it to an allosauroid theropod, thus improving the Allosauroidea global record for the middle Late Cretaceous.Fil: Baiano, Mattia Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentina. Provincia del Neuquén. Municipalidad de Villa El Chocón. Museo Paleontológico "Ernesto Bachmann"; ArgentinaFil: Filippi, Leonardo Sebastián. No especifíca

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Gliding on Ice in search of accurate and cost-effective computational methods for Astrochemistry on Grains: the puzzling case of the HCN isomerization

The isomerization of hydrogen cyanide to hydrogen isocyanide on icy grain surfaces is investigated by an accurate composite method (jun-Cheap) rooted in the coupled cluster ansatz and by density functional approaches. After benchmarking density functional predictions of both geometries and reaction energies against jun-Cheap results for the relatively small model system HCN···(H2O)2, the best performing DFT methods are selected. A large cluster containing 20 water molecules is then employed within a QM/QM′ approach to include a realistic environment mimicking the surface of icy grains. Our results indicate that four water molecules are directly involved in a proton relay mechanism, which strongly reduces the activation energy with respect to the direct hydrogen transfer occurring in the isolated molecule. Further extension of the size of the cluster up to 192 water molecules in the framework of a three-layer QM/QM′/MM model has a negligible effect on the energy barrier ruling the isomerization. Computation of reaction rates by the transition state theory indicates that on icy surfaces, the isomerization of HNC to HCN could occur quite easily even at low temperatures thanks to the reduced activation energy that can be effectively overcome by tunneling

Solar Power DIY Handbook

This book has actionable information on how to connect your off-grid solar panel to a 12 volts battery. To the person who has little experience in solar technology, installing a solar panel, as well as knowing the right components to use may appear to be especially daunting. The truth, however, is that it is relatively simple to install your solar panel and connect it to your battery. What is more; once you have successfully done it once, it is a lot like learning how to ride a bicycle- you never forget, or have to relearn the process again. If you are thinking about installing a solar panel for your home or office, this book is especially handy, as it takes you through the whole process from start to finish. This book gives you explicit instruction on solar technology. It explains all you ever need to know about solar power as well as solar panel installation. By the end of this book, you would be able to look at solar panel installation as a relatively simple process, with the prospect of a little fun involved. Let's begin