Early life perfluorooctanesulphonic acid (PFOS) exposure impairs zebrafish organogenesis

Additional authors (Zengxin Gai and Xue Ma) appear and the author order is revised on the published version of this article.As a persistent organic contaminant, perfluorooctanesulphonic acid (PFOS) has been widely detected in the environment, wildlife, and humans. The present study revealed that zebrafish embryos exposed to 16 µM PFOS during a sensitive window of 48-96 hour post-fertilization (hpf) disrupted larval morphology at 120 hpf. Malformed zebrafish larvae were characterized by uninflated swim bladder, less developed gut, and curved spine. Histological and ultrastructural examination of PFOS-exposed larvae showed structural alterations in swim bladder and gut. Whole genome microarray was used to identify the early transcripts dysregulated following exposure to 16 µM PFOS at 96 hpf. In total, 1,278 transcripts were significantly misexpressed (p < 0.05) and 211 genes were changed at least two-fold upon PFOS exposure in comparison to the vehicle exposed control group. A PFOS-induced network of perturbed transcripts relating to swim bladder and gut development revealed that misexpression of genes were involved in organogenesis. Taken together, early life stage exposure to PFOS perturbs various molecular pathways potentially resulting in observed defects in swim bladder and gut development.This is an author's peer-reviewed manuscript. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/aquatic-toxicology/.Keywords: Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, Zebrafish embryo, Developmental toxicity, Swim bladder, GutKeywords: Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, Zebrafish embryo, Developmental toxicity, Swim bladder, Gu

Chronic PFOS exposures induce life stage-specific behavioral deficits in adult zebrafish and produce malformations in F1 offspring

Perfluorooctanesulphonicacid (PFOS) is an organic contaminant that is ubiquitous in the environment, wildlife, and humans. Few studies have assessed the effects of chronic PFOS exposure on central nervous system function in aquatic organisms. The present study defined the behavioral effects of varying life span chronic exposures to low dose PFOS in zebrafish. The zebrafish were treated with vehicle control or 0.5μM PFOS during 1-21, 21-120, or 1-120 day post fertilization (dpf). Chronic PFOS exposure impaired the adult zebrafish behavior mode under the tapping stimulus. The movement speed of 1-120 dpf exposed fish was significantly increased compared with control, while 1-21 and 21-120 dpf exposed groups were not severely affected. PFOS residues in F1 embryos derived from parental exposure during both the 1-120 and 21-120 dpf groups was significantly higher than control, and F1 embryos in these two groups showed obvious malformations, such as uninflated swim bladder (USB) and bent spine (BS). Larvae of the parental exposed to PFOS from 1-21 or 21-120 dpf elicited a higher swim rate than control in both the light and dark periods. Embryos derived from the 1-120 dpf group showed a statistically lower speed in the light period and a higher speed in the dark period as compared with control. Though there is little PFOS residue in 1-21 dpf group, the adverse behavioral effects on both adult and F1 larvae indicate that exposure during the first 21 dpf induce long-term neurobehavior toxicity. Our findings demonstrate that chronic exposure to low dose PFOS in different life stage adversely impacts adult behavior, subsequent offspring malformation, and larval behavior.This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291552-8618.,Additional authors (Liu, Xiaojuan and Zhu, Guonian) appear and the author order is revised on the published version of this article.Keywords: perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, zebrafish embryo, chronic exposure, behavio

Hardness-Dependent Water Quality Criteria for Protection of Freshwater Aquatic Organisms for Silver in China

Silver is toxic to freshwater aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystems, and it is necessary to develop regional water quality criteria (WQC) for silver to protect the freshwater aquatic organisms in China. The toxicity database of silver for freshwater aquatic organisms involved 121 acute toxicity values for 35 species (6 phyla and 27 families) and 15 chronic toxicity values for 4 species (2 phyla and 4 families). Teleost fish showed the most sensitivity to silver after both short-term and long-term exposure. Significant correlations between the natural logarithms of hardness and the natural logarithms of acute silver toxicity were found for Daphnia magna, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Pimephales promelas. The criterion maximum concentration (CMC) was calculated by the species sensitivity distribution method with sigmoid as the best fitting model (Adj R2 0.9797), and the criterion continuous concentration (CCC) was obtained by the acute-to-chronic ratio method. The CMC and CCC of silver were e1.58ln(HCaCO3)&minus;8.68, and e1.58ln(HCaCO3)&minus;10.28 respectively, in China, with water hardness (HCaCO3, mg/L) as an independent variable. This research can provide a basis and reference for the management of silver to protect freshwater aquatic organisms in China

TanguayRobertEnvironmentalMolecularToxicologyEarlyLifePerfluorooctanesulphonic.pdf

As a persistent organic contaminant, perfluorooctanesulphonic acid (PFOS) has been widely detected in the environment, wildlife, and humans. The present study revealed that zebrafish embryos exposed to 16 µM PFOS during a sensitive window of 48-96 hour post-fertilization (hpf) disrupted larval morphology at 120 hpf. Malformed zebrafish larvae were characterized by uninflated swim bladder, less developed gut, and curved spine. Histological and ultrastructural examination of PFOS-exposed larvae showed structural alterations in swim bladder and gut. Whole genome microarray was used to identify the early transcripts dysregulated following exposure to 16 µM PFOS at 96 hpf. In total, 1,278 transcripts were significantly misexpressed (p < 0.05) and 211 genes were changed at least two-fold upon PFOS exposure in comparison to the vehicle exposed control group. A PFOS-induced network of perturbed transcripts relating to swim bladder and gut development revealed that misexpression of genes were involved in organogenesis. Taken together, early life stage exposure to PFOS perturbs various molecular pathways potentially resulting in observed defects in swim bladder and gut development.Keywords: Developmental toxicity, Zebrafish embryo, Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, Gut, Swim bladderKeywords: Developmental toxicity, Zebrafish embryo, Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, Gut, Swim bladde