Numerical analysis of side hull configuration in Trimaran

A trimaran is a multihull vessel designed to reduce wave-making resistances at high speeds. Optimization of the hull shape increases hull efficiency and speed of a vessel. The behavior of a ship is generally analyzed through numerical methods to save time and reduce high expenditures as compared to experimental methods. Although wide ranges of studies have investigated the hydrodynamic behavior of a vessel, the effect of trim angle, yaw angle, and heel angle of side hulls on hydrodynamic behavior of a trimaran has not been addressed properly. In the present study, a trimaran was modeled using computer-aided design software. Dimensions of the computational domain and boundary conditions were applied. Furthermore, mesh convergence was carried out. The accuracy of the method was validated. Analyses are based on the finite volume method. The analysis is carried out to obtain the resistance of side hulls and its effect on total trimaran resistance, effect of speed on hulls vessel resistance, wave patterns generated by the vessel at different trim and yaw angles, effect of trim, heel and yaw angles on side hull and total resistance of trimaran, the wetted surface at different trim, yaw, and heel angles, shape of free surface between the hulls, and the optimal position and trim angle of side hulls relative to the main hull. This computational analysis represents a step in quantifying the role of the trim, heel and yaw angles of side hulls on hydrodynamic characteristics of trimaran in calm water. The worth of information from the present study may express the importance of the factors that could reduce the total resistance of a trimaran.Peer Reviewe

Referred otalgia secondary to rotator cuff tendon tear and acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Background:  Otalgia is a very common symptom induced by a wide variety of diseases. Depending on the location of the pathology, otalgia is categorized into primary and secondary types. In primary otalgia, the main source of the pain is located within the ear. On the contrary, secondary or referred otalgia is defined as a disorder which the underlying pathology is outside of the ear complex giving rise to the sensation of pain in the ear. Multiple etiologies have been reported to produce secondary otalgia including temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, cervical spine pathologies, laryngitis, pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Case Presentation:  In this study, we present a 57-year-old man with referred otalgia, associated to rotator cuff tendon tear and acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis, which is uncommon and atypical. Conclusion: Shoulder pathologies like rotator cuff tendon tear and acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis can be considered as a possible but rare cause of referred otalgi

Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Larynx: A Case Report

Introduction: Pleomorphic adenomas are tumors mostly originating from salivary glands. These lesions in the larynx are very rare. Case Report: We report a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma that originated from the mucosal lining, just above the glottic area at the level of the laryngeal ventricle in a 55-year-old female patient. The tumor could not be palpated easily but was observed in the CT scan. We resected the large and firm tumor using trans hyoid pharyngotomy as the surgical approach. Conclusion:  Pleomorphic adenoma in the ventricle of the larynx is an extremely rare lesion. Trans-hyoid pharyngotomy can have good results as the surgical approach in removing such lesions

Treatment and Prognosis of Deep Neck Infections

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EFAS Score -Validation of Persian Version by the Score Committee of the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS)

BACKGROUND: The Score Committee of the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) developed, validated, and published the EFAS Score in nine European languages (English, German, French, Italian, Polish, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, Turkish). From other languages under validation, the Persian version finished data acquisition and underwent further validation. METHODS: The Persian version of the EFAS Score was developed and validated in three stages: 1) item (question) identification (completed during initial validation study), 2) item reduction and scale exploration (completed during initial validation study), 3) confirmatory analyses and responsiveness of Persian version (completed during initial validation study in nine other languages). The data were collected pre-operatively and post-operatively at a minimum follow-up of 3 months and mean follow-up of 6 months. Item reduction, scale exploration, confirmatory analyses and responsiveness were executed using classical test theory and item response theory. RESULTS: The internal consistency was confirmed in the Persian version (Cronbach's Alpha 0.82). The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) was 0.38 and is similar to other language versions. Between baseline and follow-up, 97% of patients showed an improvement on their EFAS score, with excellent responsiveness (effect size 1.93). CONCLUSIONS: The Persian EFAS Score version was successfully validated in patients with a wide variety of foot and ankle pathologies. All score versions are freely available at www.efas.co