Gyümölcsfeldolgozó üzem létesítésének pénzügyi előkészületei

In our research work we created a financial plan for a fruit processing facility located in the district of Bacs-Kiskun, Hungary. Building our business plan was based on consulting with investors and visiting several fruit processing plants. The biggest manufactory has a number of 50 partners who farm about 1.000 hectares of fruit. Mainly produces elderberry and apple concentrate.The estimate was made regarding opportunities for EU fundings. Scenario planning allowed us to generate a first set of forecasts, identify the key signposts that distinguish one scenario versus another.The first one included the current EU funding, the second one was financed completely with our own resources without leverage.Calculation included Discounted Payback Period (DPP), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Profitability Index (PI). The EU funded scenario seemed to be more beneficial, it is worth implementing.Egy Bács-Kiskun megyei gyümölcsfeldolgozó üzem létesítésének pénzügyi tervezését végeztük el. Már megvalósult, hasonló jellegű üzemek látogatását és a befektetőkkel készített interjúkat követően megterveztük a saját beruházásunkat. A legnagyobb üzemmérettel rendelkező vállalat 50 partnerrel rendelkezik, akik megközelítőleg 1000 hektáron gazdálkodnak. Főként bodza és almalé sűrítményt állítanak elő. A pályázati lehetőségeket figyelembe véve számoltuk ki a pénzügyi előkalkulációinkat. Két forgatókönyvet készítettünk. Az egyiknél figyelembe vettük a rendelkezésre álló pályázati forrásokat, a másikat pedig kizárólag saját tőkéből finanszírozva terveztük meg. Mindkét szcenárió esetén alkalmaztuk a DPB, NPV, IRR és a PI mutatókat. Természetesen a pályázat által finanszírozott forgatókönyv eredményei a kedvezőbbek, tehát ezt érdemesebb megvalósítanunk a jövőben

Gyümölcsfeldolgozó üzem létesítésének pénzügyi előkészületei

Egy Bács-Kiskun megyei gyümölcsfeldolgozó üzem létesítésének pénzügyi tervezését végeztük el. Már megvalósult, hasonló jellegű üzemek látogatását és a befektetőkkel készített interjúkat követően megterveztük a saját beruházásunkat. A legnagyobb üzemmérettel rendelkező vállalat 50 partnerrel rendelkezik, akik megközelítőleg 1000 hektáron gazdálkodnak. Főként bodza és almalé sűrítményt állítanak elő. A pályázati lehetőségeket figyelembe véve számoltuk ki a pénzügyi előkalkulációinkat. Két forgatókönyvet készítettünk. Az egyiknél figyelembe vettük a rendelkezésre álló pályázati forrásokat, a másikat pedig kizárólag saját tőkéből finanszírozva terveztük meg. Mindkét szcenárió esetén alkalmaztuk a DPB, NPV, IRR és a PI mutatókat. Természetesen a pályázat által finanszírozott forgatókönyv eredményei a kedvezőbbek, tehát ezt érdemesebb megvalósítanunk a jövőben. Abstract: In our research work we created a financial plan for a fruit processing facility located in the district of Bacs-Kiskun, Hungary. Building our business plan was based on consulting with investors and visiting several fruit processing plants. The biggest manufactory has a number of 50 partners who farm about 1.000 hectares of fruit. Mainly produces elderberry and apple concentrate. The estimate was made regarding opportunities for EU fundings. Scenario planning allowed us to generate a first set of forecasts, identify the key signposts that distinguish one scenario versus another. The first one included the current EU funding, the second one was financed completely with our own resources without leverage. Calculation included Discounted Payback Period (DPP), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Profitability Index (PI). The EU funded scenario seemed to be more beneficial, it is worth implementing

Unsupervised discovery of behaviorally relevant brain states in rats playing hide-and-seek

In classical neuroscience experiments, neural activity is measured across many identical trials of animals performing simple tasks and is then analyzed, associating neural responses to pre-defined experimental parameters. This type of analysis is not suitable for patterns of behavior that unfold freely, such as play behavior. Here, we attempt an alternative approach for exploratory data analysis on a single-trial level, applicable in more complex and naturalistic behavioral settings in which no two trials are identical. We analyze neural population activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats playing hide-and-seek and show that it is possible to discover what aspects of the task are reflected in the recorded activity with a limited number of simultaneously recorded cells (% 31). Using hidden Markov models, we cluster population activity in the PFC into a set of neural states, each associated with a pattern of neural activity. Despite high variability in behavior, relating the inferred states to the events of the hide-and-seek game reveals neural states that consistently appear at the same phases of the game. Furthermore, we show that by applying the segmentation inferred from neural data to the animals’ behavior, we can explore and discover novel correlations between neural activity and behavior. Finally, we replicate the results in a second dataset and show that population activity in the PFC displays distinct sets of states during playing hide-and-seek and observing others play the game. Overall, our results reveal robust, state-like representations in the rat PFC during unrestrained playful behavior and showcase the applicability of population analyses in naturalistic neuroscience

Three-component synthesis, utilization and biological activity of phosphinoyl-functionalized isoindolinones

A new method for the synthesis of 3-oxoisoindolin-1-ylphosphine oxides bearing same or different substituents on the phosphorus atom is described. The one-pot three-component reaction of 2-formylbenzoic acid, primary amines and achiral or P-stereogenic secondary phosphine oxides provided the target compounds under catalyst-free, mild conditions and for short reaction times. The deoxygenation of a 3-oxoisoindolin-1-ylphosphine oxide was also studied, and the phosphine obtained could be converted to a sulphide and to a platinum complex. The crystal structures of a selected phosphine oxide and the corresponding platinum species were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The biological activity, such as in vitro cytotoxicity on different cell lines and antibacterial activity of the 3-oxoisoindolin-1-ylphosphine oxides was also investigated. Based on the IC50 values obtained, several derivatives showed moderate activity against the HL-60 cell line and two compounds containing 3,5-dimethylphenyl groups on the phosphorus atom showed promising activity against Bacillus subtilis bacteria

Hippocampal sharp wave-ripples and the associated sequence replay emerge from structured synaptic interactions in a network model of area CA3

Hippocampal place cells are activated sequentially as an animal explores its environment. These activity sequences are internally recreated (‘replayed’), either in the same or reversed order, during bursts of activity (sharp wave-ripples [SWRs]) that occur in sleep and awake rest. SWR-associated replay is thought to be critical for the creation and maintenance of long-term memory. In order to identify the cellular and network mechanisms of SWRs and replay, we constructed and simulated a data-driven model of area CA3 of the hippocampus. Our results show that the chain-like structure of recurrent excitatory interactions established during learning not only determines the content of replay, but is essential for the generation of the SWRs as well. We find that bidirectional replay requires the interplay of the experimentally confirmed, temporally symmetric plasticity rule, and cellular adaptation. Our model provides a unifying framework for diverse phenomena involving hippocampal plasticity, representations, and dynamics, and suggests that the structured neural codes induced by learning may have greater influence over cortical network states than previously appreciated