Study of the antibacterial activity of total extract and Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of aerial parts of heliotropium bacciferum against staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.coli, Salmonella enteritidis

Heliotropium bacciferum is One of the plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae , which is Restricted distribution in the south of Iran. It is used for Hypotension, fever, stomach ulcers in traditional medicine. In this study, the antibacterial effects of extracts and fractions of chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous, aerial parts of Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk was evaluated against five bacterial strains. The methanol extract were prepared using the percolation method. Fractions of chloroform, Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous respectively by Liquid - Liquid fractionation of the total extract were prepared. The antibacterial activity against two Gram positive bacteria, three Gram negative bacterial using Minimum inhibitory concentration in microplate and well plate method. Results showed that H. bacciferum extracts exhibited a significant activity against strains Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.coli, Salmonella enteritidis. MIC and well plate is between 7.6-125 μg/ml. The results of this study indicate that extracts of the plant H.bacciferum has a antimicrobial effect against strains are listed And among the extracts, aqueous part is that most antibacterial effect of the other fraction and then methanolic extract has the greatest effect

Latent dirichlet markov allocation for sentiment analysis

In recent years probabilistic topic models have gained tremendous attention in data mining and natural language processing research areas. In the field of information retrieval for text mining, a variety of probabilistic topic models have been used to analyse content of documents. A topic model is a generative model for documents, it specifies a probabilistic procedure by which documents can be generated. All topic models share the idea that documents are mixture of topics, where a topic is a probability distribution over words. In this paper we describe Latent Dirichlet Markov Allocation Model (LDMA), a new generative probabilistic topic model, based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM), which emphasizes on extracting multi-word topics from text data. LDMA is a four-level hierarchical Bayesian model where topics are associated with documents, words are associated with topics and topics in the model can be presented with single- or multi-word terms. To evaluate performance of LDMA, we report results in the field of aspect detection in sentiment analysis, comparing to the basic LDA model

Effects of hyperbilirubinemia on auditory brainstem response of neonates treated with phototherapy

Introduction: One of the most common pathologies in neonates is hyperbilirubinemia, which is a good marker for damage to the central nervous system. The sensitivity of the auditory system to bilirubin has been previously documented, with much discrepancy in its effects on Auditory Brainstem Response results. Thus the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperbilirubinemia on Auditory Brainstem Response of neonates treated with phototherapy. Materials and Methods: Forty-two term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, who underwent phototherapy participated in this cross sectional study. The recording of Auditory Brainstem Response was made shortly after confirming that the total serum bilirubin level was greater than 15 μg/dl. Latency of waves I, III, V and inter-peak latencies of the waves were measured. To test the hypothesis about the difference of means between the two groups, continuous variables were compared using either the t-test (normal distribution) or the Mann-Whitney test (non-normal distribution). Results: There was a significant increase in the absolute latencies of waves III and V, and I-III and I-V inter-peak latencies of the sample group compared to the control group in both ears (P0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study underline the importance of the Auditory Brainstem Response Test as an efficient tool for monitoring the auditory brainstem pathway in neonates who are at risk of neurotoxicity and for diagnosing the earliest stages of auditory damage caused by high levels of bilirubin

Are inexpensive surveys for maintenance management of small existing residential buildings at BIM level 2?”

BIM for maintenance management is still in its infancy, despite the advertised advantages it could bring. There are several barriers to overcome, mainly an understanding by those who will need to use it on a daily basis. Several issues have been identified that have prevented mainstream acceptance of the technology, especially when dealing with existing buildings. New buildings have the advantage that a 3d virtual model exists, having been developed during the design and construction phases, but for existing buildings, surveys need to be carried out and a 3d model developed. Such techniques have seen exciting results where large corporations have had the finance to commission such a survey, but are proving too expensive for small exiting residential properties, especially those managed by local authorities and housing associations. Some less expensive survey techniques have been tried and tested and compared to the traditional expensive techniques, such as laser scanning. Virtual 3D models of small houses and flats have been ‘built’ and examined to see their potential in the field of maintenance. Levels of details have also been discussed. The requirement for 3d has been questioned, with floor plans being achieved using a 2d laser scanner (costing less than 1% of a 3d scanner), although the addition of the metadata still seems to be the major barrier in providing a useful model. Photogrammetric technics were tested but proved to still be difficult to use in confined spaces. The conclusion is there is still a long way to go for the adoption of BIM on existing buildings. Changes to the Governments BIM standards are needed to move away from just ‘new build’ and quicker automatic metadata determination are required to enable BIM to be effectively used for maintenance of existing buildings

Comparison of knowledge, attitude and practice of Urban and rural households toward iron deficiency anemia in three provinces of Iran

Background: Lack of nutritional knowledge is one of the most important reasons of nutritional problems and consequently improper practice, which can lead to several complications. This study has been designed in order to compare knowledge, attitude and practices of the urban and rural households regarding iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Boushehr, Golestan and Sistan & Balouchestan provinces in 2004. Methods: The sampling method at household's level in each province was the single-stage cluster sampling with equal size clusters. The necessary data were gathered with a structured questionnaire and via the interviews between the questioners and the eligible people in each household. Comparison of frequency of variables between urban and rural areas were tested by chi square test. Results: A total of 2306 households were selected as overall sample size. In urban areas, people recognized iron food sources better than rural areas. Knowledge level of respondents about vulnerable group for IDA and the favorite attitude of households toward IDA were better in urban areas of Sistan & Blouchestan and Golestan provinces. In Sistan & Balouchestan and Golestan, rural households who drank tea immediately before or after meal was more than urban ones. The majority of pregnant and lactating mothers (except for rural areas of Bushehr) did not take iron supplement regularly. Less than 60 percent of children used iron drop regularly. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, and practice levels of households toward IDA were not acceptable. One of the best ways of improving nutritional practice is nutritional education with focus on applying available food resources

The impact of hyperglycemia or hypoalbuminemia on duration and need to mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: چندین فاکتور فیزیولوژیکی علاوه بر معیارهای مکانیکی ریوی، بر روی جدا سازی بیماران بستری در واحد مراقبت های ویژه از دستگاه ونتیلاتور موثراست. هیپرگلیسمی باعث افزایش بیشتری در نیاز به ونتیلاتور می شود و به طور بارزی روزهای اتصال به دستگاه را افزایش می دهد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر هیپوآلبومینمی یا هیپرگلیسمی در پیش بینی نیاز به ونتیلاتور و جدا سازی از ونتیلاتور در واحد مراقبت های ویژه بوده است. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی بر روی 600 بیمار بالای 16 سال در افرادی که بمدت بیش از 3 روز در واحد مراقبت های ویژه مرکز پزشکی الزهرا(س) اصفهان بستری شده بودند انجام شد. پارامترهای آلبومین سرمی، قند خون، نیاز به ونتیلاتور، مدت اتصال به ونتیلاتور بالانس مایعات و ضریب اپاچی سه (APACHE-3= Acute –physiology and chronic health evaluation) بیماران ثبت و داده ها با استفاده از آزمونهای آماری تی استیودنت، کای دو، رگرسیون کاکس، رگرسیون لوجستیک یک طرفه، آنالیز رگرسیون Multilinear و آنالیز رگرسیون لوجستیکی مولتیپل تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: در بدو ورود میانگین غلظت قند سرمی mmol/L 2/0±3/9 و آلبومین سرمی g/l 02/0±2/30 بود. در بیماران فوت شده غلظت آلبومین سرمی بطور معنی دار کمتر و غلظت قند سرمی بطور معنی دار نسبت به افراد زنده بالاتر بود (001/0P) و قند خون (05/0r=، 05/0P>) حین بستری در واحد مراقبت های ویژه نتوانست پیش بینی کننده مدت زمان اتصال به ونتیلاتور باشد. بیماران با غلظت آلبومین سرمی کمتر از 3/30 نسبت به افراد با آلبومین سرمی نرمال با افزایش نیاز به ونتیلاتور در حد 2/0-1/0 برابر روبرو شدند. (31/1-06/1=95CI و 2/1=OR) خطر نیاز به ونتیلاتور با قند خون بالای mg/dl 200 افزایش نیافت. نتیجه گیری: بر اساس یافته های این مطالعه آلبومین و قند خون می تواند اندکس هایی از وضعیت متابولیکی بیماران باشد که در تعیین نیاز به ونتیلاتور و جداسازی از آن در دوره های طولانی مدت تنفس مکانیکی اهمیت دارد

Environmental, developmental, and genetic factors controlling root system architecture

A better understanding of the development and architecture of roots is essential to develop strategies to increase crop yield and optimize agricultural land use. Roots control nutrient and water uptake, provide anchoring and mechanical support and can serve as important storage organs. Root growth and development is under tight genetic control and modulated by developmental cues including plant hormones and the environment. This review focuses on root architecture and its diversity and the role of environment, nutrient, and water as well as plant hormones and their interactions in shaping root architecture

Android application collusion demystified

Application collusion is an emerging threat to Android based devices. In app collusion, two or more apps collude in some manner to perform a malicious action that they are unable to do independently. Detection of colluding apps is a challenging task. Existing commercial malware detection systems analyse each app separately, hence fail to detect any joint malicious action performed by multiple apps through collusion. In this paper, we discuss the current state of research on app collusion and open challenges to the detection of colluding apps. We compare existing approaches and present an integrated approach to effectively detect app collusion