KEWENANGAN PENYIDIK DALAM MENGHENTIKAN PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA BAGI PELAKU YANG MENGALAMI GANGGUAN JIWA ( STUDI DI KEPOLISIAN RESOR ENDE)

Penyidik menghentikan penyidikan dengan alasan pelaku tindak pidana mengalami gangguan jiwa. Sedangkan Pasal 109 ayat (2) Undang – undang hukum acara pidana tidak memuat gangguan jiwa sebagai alasan penyidikan dapat dihentikan.Akan tetapi kenyataannya, Penyidik Polres Ende  menghentikan suatu perkara pidana dengan alasan-alasan selain dari ketentuan di atas.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan empiris/sosiologis  dengan sumber data yaitu data primer dan data sekunder, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan prosedur studi lapangan dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di ketahui bahwa penyidik Polres Ende Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa Penyidik dalam menerbitkan SP3 dengan alasan pelaku tindak pidana mengalami gangguan jiwa adalah karena adanya kewenangan diskresi yang diatur di dalam KUHP , Undang – undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Acara Pidana, dan Undang-undang Republik Indonesia dan didasarkan pada pertimbangan, Pertama: menggunakan kewenangan berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 7 ayat (1) huruf j KUHAP, Pasal 15 ayat (2) huruf k jo 16 ayat (1) huruf i dan ayat (2) jo Pasal 18 ayat (1) dan (2) UU No. 2 Tahun 2002. , kedua: penilaian terhadap kasus yang dianggap tidak menimbulkan efek besar pada masyarakat, ketiga: banyaknya perkara yang harus diselesaikan oleh penyidik sehingga mengesampingkan perkara yang dianggap ringan . Mekanisme penghentian penyidikan dilakukan dengan cara melakukan gelar perkara secara terbatas dengan menghadirkan Kasat Reskrim, Kanit Penyidik , Kasi Propam, Kasi Vas, Kasubbagkum, pihak pelapor dan ahli Kat

The President\u27s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and Adult Mortality: A Replication Study of HIV Development Assistance Effects in Sub-Saharan African Countries

The US budget for global health funding, which was by far the largest of similar funding in the world, increased from US $1.3 billion in 2001 to more than US$10 billion in recent years. More than 54% of this funding was allocated to the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS through the US President\u27s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in Africa. However, recent studies indicate contradictory results regarding the effectiveness of PEPFAR. One by Bendavid, Holmes, Bhattacharya, and Miller shows positive effects of PEPFAR in reducing adult mortality in Africa, while another by Duber, Coates, Szekeras, Kaji, and Lewis finds that there are no significant differences in reducing adult mortality in countries that received PEPFAR funding vs countries that did not. Due to their potential impact on policy decisions regarding critical global health funding, we wanted to assess why the results are discrepant. To do this, we replicated the Bendavid study. The replication provides verification that the study replicable and that the analytic choices of the authors are robust to different assumptions or restrictions. This allows us to assess the different choices and data available to the two research groups and draw some conclusions about why the results may be different. Then, focusing on two of the prominently discrepant studies, i.e., the Bendavid study (1998-2008) and the Duber study (2000-2006), we establish why the two studies are in disagreement. We apply appropriate individual-level and country-level analytical methodology as used by Bendavid over the analytical time period used for the Duber study (2000-2006), which originally focused on nationally aggregated data and differed in some key focus countries. For our first objective, we replicated the original Bendavid study findings and our findings support their conclusion that between 1998-2008 all-cause mortality decreased significantly more (OR = 0.84, CI, 0.72-0.99) in countries that implemented PEPFAR. For our second objective (Bendavid\u27s data and methodology applied to Duber\u27s study period), we found reduction in all cause adult mortality to be borderline insignificant (OR = 0.87 CI, 0.75-1.01, p = 0.06), most possibly reflecting the abbreviated fewer number of events and sample size over a shorter period. Therefore, our overall analyses are consistent with the conclusion of positive impact of the PEPFAR program in reducing adult mortality. We believe that the discrepancy observed in the original studies mainly a reflection of shortcomings in the analytical approach necessitated by the Duber study\u27s nationally aggregated dataset or may reflect a lack of data quality in the Duber study (Duber, et al. 2010)

Factors affecting disclosure of serostatus to children attending Jinja Hospital Paediatric HIV clinic, Uganda

Background: Disclosure of HIV statu s is important for optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children. Identifying factors that affect disclosure of sero-status to children will help improve the process of disclosure. The purpose of the study was to determine the rate of HIV disclosure by the parents/caretakers to their children and other factors affecting disclosure.Methods: A cross sectional study among 174 caretakers of children age 5-18 years, twenty children and all (ten) health workers at Jinja Hospital paediatric HIV clinic. Data was collected with standardized questionnaires on socio-demographic factors, disclosure status, health facility factors, fears and perceived benefits of disclosure.Results: We found disclosure rates in 56% of the children. Among those not disclosed to, non-disclosure was 19% and deception 25%. Factors associated with disclosure of sero-status to a child were age of child (X2 37.4 df 1 p< 0.001), child being on antiretroviral therapy (OR 2.0 CI 1.1-3.6 p=0.024) and child attending psychosocial support group (OR 7.4 CI 3.6-15.3 p < 0.001). There were no appropriate guidelines on disclosure and only half of health providers had training on disclosure of HIV serostatus to children.Conclusion: The overall prevalence of disclosure was low. Psychosocial support groups promoted disclosure.Keywords: Serostatus, Paediatric HIV Clinic, Ugand

PEMANFAATAN GIS DALAM PEMETAAN ZONASI KAWASAN BAHAYA BANJIR DI KABUPATEN SIGI

Flooding is a disaster that every year was happen in Sigi District, based on this research the aim is to: (1) find out the factors the cause of flooding in the Sigi Districts (2) knowing the zoning of danger flooding in the area Sigi District. This research includes field research with a type of qualitative descriptive research, which is used for analysis and describes the distribution of patterns of flood vulnerability levels to then see the level of danger by flooding. The approach used in this research is a complex regional approach. The parameters used are slope, soil type, rainfall, and land use. The population in this research is the entire area of Sigi Districts. Data collection methods used are observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques used are overlay, scoring and layout techniques. Mapping of flood hazard zones in Sigi Districts is divided into four zones, namely; 1) Zone IV is a zone with a very high level of flood hazard category, this zone has an area of 2,4505.62 ha or 4.82%; 2) zone III, namely the zone with flood hazard category has an area of 13,1587.86 ha or 25.91%; 3) zone II, which is in the less dangerous category has an area of 35,0605.76 ha or 69.03%; zone I with the non-hazardous category has an area of 1193.62 ha or 0.24

Preventing HIV and HSV-2 Through Knowledge and Attitudes: A Replication Study of a Multi-Component Community-Based Intervention in Zimbabwe

INTRODUCTION: Approximately two-thirds of HIV-infected individuals reside in sub-Saharan Africa. The region accounts for 68% of the new HIV infections occurring worldwide with almost one-half of these infections being among young adults aged 12-24 years. Cowan and colleagues conducted a community-based, multi-component HIV intervention aimed at youth in rural Zimbabwe. Despite some changes in knowledge and attitudes, the community-based intervention did not affect the prevalence of HIV or HSV-2. We selected this frequently cited study for replication since it incorporates individual-, community-, and structural- level intervention components that are often considered in global HIV/AIDS prevention programs. Additionally, the intervention could be easily scaled-up, which is especially important in the context of limited resources. Although this study indicated no intervention effects in reducing HIV, the authors acknowledged some key methodological challenges. Our replication analysis provided important insights regarding the impact of these challenges to the interpretation of the results of this study. METHODS: Our replication study focused on replicating Cowan\u27s findings and assessing the robustness of Cowan\u27s results to alternative analytical models based on their study design. We determined how out-migration occurring during Cowan\u27s study may have affected the population characteristics, the intervention exposure level, and the study findings. While the original intervention targeted knowledge and attitudes as a mechanism to decrease HIV/HSV-2, the Cowan study evaluated the intervention effects on knowledge, attitudes, and prevalence of HIV or HSV-2 separately. To better identify the pathway describing the interrelationship among the intervention and knowledge, attitudes, and prevalence of HIV or HSV-2, we assessed whether increases in knowledge or attitudes were associated with decreased HIV or HSV-2 prevalence. RESULTS: We replicated the original findings with minor discrepancies during the pure replication. Our additional analyses revealed that the study population characteristics changed over time in ways that may have affected outcomes. These changes also affected the levels of intervention exposure, with 48.7% males and 75.5% females of the intervention group receiving low-level exposure. Both genders with higher level intervention exposure experienced higher increments in multiple knowledge, attitude, and sexual risk behavior outcomes. Unfortunately, these did not translate to a significant reduction in HIV or HSV-2 regardless of the level and combination of knowledge and attitude domains. However, males receiving high-level intervention exposure compared to control indicated significantly lower odds of having HIV or HSV-2 under a Bayesian modeling paradigm. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a more robust conclusion on the study intervention effects. Further study based on a design that more consistently maximizes the exposure level of the intervention is necessary and should ideally be an evaluated goal in similar studies. Evaluation of the intervention impact for key subgroups of the target population is important and would better advise the use and scale-up of the evaluated interventions in various contexts. Our observation of a consistent lack of relationship between knowledge/attitudes and HIV/HSV-2 suggests a need to explore and include relevant additional and or complementary interventions, e.g., promoting effective skills in reducing risky sexual behaviors and addressing cultural and structural bottlenecks that may reduce HIV/HSV-2 risk among youth

Cash Transfers and HIV/HSV-2 Prevalence: A Replication of a Cluster Randomized Trial in Malawi

INTRODUCTION: In this paper we perform a replication analysis of Effect of a cash transfer programme for schooling on prevalence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 in Malawi: a cluster randomised trial by Sarah Baird and others published in The Lancet in 2012. The original study was a two-year cluster randomized intervention trial of never married girls aged 13-22 in Malawi. Enumeration areas were randomized to either an intervention involving cash transfer (conditional or unconditional of school enrollment) or control. The study included 1708 Malawian girls, who were enrolled at baseline and had biological testing for HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) at 18 months. The original findings showed that in the cohort of girls enrolled in school at baseline, the intervention had an effect on school enrollment, sexual outcomes, and HIV and HSV-2 prevalence. However, in the baseline school dropout cohort, the original study showed no intervention effect on HIV and HSV-2 prevalence. METHODS: We performed a replication of the study to investigate the consistency and robustness of key results reported. A pre-specified replication plan was approved and published online. Cleaned data was obtained from the original authors. A pure replication was conducted by reading the methods section and reproducing the results and tables found in the original paper. Robustness of the results were examined with alternative analysis methods in a measurement and estimation analysis (MEA) approach. A theory of change analysis was performed testing a causal pathway, the effect of intervention on HIV awareness, and whether the intervention effect depended on the wealth of the individual. RESULTS: The pure replication found that other than a few minor discrepancies, the original study was well replicated. However, the randomization and sampling weights could not be verified due to the lack of access to raw data and a detailed sample selection plan. Therefore, we are unable to determine how sampling influenced the results, which could be highly dependent on the sample. In MEA it was found that the intervention effect on HIV prevalence in the baseline schoolgirls cohort was somewhat sensitive to model choice, with a non-significant intervention effect for HIV depending on the statistical model used. The intervention effect on HSV-2 prevalence was more robust in terms of statistical significance, however, the odds ratios and confidence intervals differed from the original result by more than 10%. A theory of change analysis showed no effect of intervention on HIV awareness. In a causal pathway analysis, several variables were partial mediators, or potential mediators, indicating that the intervention could be working through its effect on school enrollment or selected sexual behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of intervention on HIV prevalence in the baseline schoolgirls was sensitive to the model choice; however, HSV-2 prevalence results were confirmed. We recommend that the results from the original published analysis indicating the impact of cash transfers on HIV prevalence be treated with caution

Development of an elevator simulator to support problem-based electric motor control practicum for vocational high school student

Workers who can control electric motors are currently needed. Therefore, knowledge about controlling electric motors should be taught in vocational high schools. Installation and control of electric motors in the industry are generally used in various devices related to the production process such as controlling the motor driving conveyor belts, controlling pumps on factory pipes, and controlling freight elevators. The problem that arises is the lack of knowledge about electric motor control in vocational school teachers and insufficient facilities for the learning process of electric motor control. Also, Vocational High School (SMK) has not been able to change the old learning patterns to the new learning patterns required in the 2013 curriculum. One of the changes in the curriculum is a change from teacher-centered learning to student-centered learning. In this service program, learning the installation and control of electric motors in the simulator of elevators was developed using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach for students of SMKN 1 Cipatat. The first step in implementing this program is to study the curriculum and syllabus applied to the two partner vocational schools, then design a learning process for the installation and control of electric motors using the PBL method. The PBL method was chosen because this method can simultaneously be used to increase students' soft skills such as the ability to innovate, discipline, and the ability to convey ideas both in writing and orally. Besides, the PBL method can also support changes to learning patterns as required in the 2013 curriculum.Workers who can control electric motors are currently needed. Therefore, knowledge about controlling electric motors should be taught in vocational high schools. Installation and control of electric motors in the industry are generally used in various devices related to the production process such as controlling the motor driving conveyor belts, controlling pumps on factory pipes, and controlling freight elevators. The problem that arises is the lack of knowledge about electric motor control in vocational school teachers and insufficient facilities for the learning process of electric motor control. Also, Vocational High School (SMK) has not been able to change the old learning patterns to the new learning patterns required in the 2013 curriculum. One of the changes in the curriculum is a change from teacher-centered learning to student-centered learning. In this service program, learning the installation and control of electric motors in the simulator of elevators was developed using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach for students of SMKN 1 Cipatat. The first step in implementing this program is to study the curriculum and syllabus applied to the two partner vocational schools, then design a learning process for the installation and control of electric motors using the PBL method. The PBL method was chosen because this method can simultaneously be used to increase students' soft skills such as the ability to innovate, discipline, and the ability to convey ideas both in writing and orally. Besides, the PBL method can also support changes to learning patterns as required in the 2013 curriculum

Pengaruh area pemasangan perangkat medik terhadap kejadian Medical Device Related Pressure Injuries (MDRPI)

Pendahuluan: Cedera tekanan akibat penggunaan perangkat medis merupakan masalah akhir-akhir ini di mana jenis perangkat medis banyak digunakan di fasilitas kesehatan yang berguna sebagai intervensi dan diagnostik dan banyak terjadi pada perawatan intensif. Sebagian besar lokasi di daerah telinga karena penggunaan oksigen tetapi sampai sekarang upaya pencegahan MDRPI masih sangat kurang, sehingga berdampak pada kualitas layanan dan biaya. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui kejadian MDRPI di ruang intensive care. Metode:Desain penelitian prospektif dan observasional menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan bivariat pada 39 pasien yang memiliki peralatan medis. Hasil:Responden sejumlah 39 lebih banyak jenis kelamin laki-laki dengan usia rata-rata lebih dari 46 tahun. Sebanyak 8 responden mengalami MDRPI dengan jumlah hari pengobatan lebih dari 3 hari pada jenis perangkat intervensi p> 0,05, uji Chi-Squere pada jenis perangkat memengaruhi area ekstremitas atas, bawah dan leher (p <0,05). Simpulan: Penggunaan perangkat medis di fasilitas layanan berisiko mengalami cedera tekanan, secara signifikan mempengaruhi leher dan area ekstremitas. Oleh karena itu penilaian awal harus lebih

Strategi Pengendalian Dan Pencegahan Penyebaran Virus Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Pada Sektor III Dan IV di Kabupaten Polewali Mandar, Sulawesi Barat

Kabupaten Polewali Mandar merupakan kabupaten dengan jumlah populasi ternak unggas ayam kampung dan ayam pedaging (broiler) tertinggi di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat yaitu masing-masing sebesar 1.723.253 ekor dan 885.200 ekor. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan angka kematian unggas akibat Highly Pathogenic Avian influenza (HPAI) juga tinggi dibandingkan kabupaten lainnya. Berbagai kendala dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pengendalian dan pencegahan tersebut, sehingga menuntut pemerintah setempat untuk mengambil kebijakan yang efektif dan efisien.         Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah pengendalian dan pencegahan penyebaran virus Highly Patogenic Avian influenza pada Sektor III dan IV di Kabupaten Polewali Mandar Sulawesi Barat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Strategi Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyebaran Virus Highly Pathogenic Avian influenza pada Sektor III dan IV di Kabupaten Polewali Mandar yang telah diterapkan antara lain (a) Deteksi, Lapor dan Respon (DLR) Cepat, (b) Biosekuriti, (c) vaksinasi, (d) Penataan/Sanitasi Rantai Pasar Unggas, (e) Pengawasan Lalu Lintas Unggas, dan (f) Komunikasi, Informasi dan Edukasi (KIE)

Periocular Manifestation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Novel Perioperative Screening Tool

PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) presents perioperative challenges with increased risk for complications. Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) is associated with OSA yet has not been addressed perioperatively. The current standard for perioperative OSA screening includes assessing patient risk factors or the STOP-BANG tool, which requires an active participant. We aimed to confirm a connection between FES and OSA in presurgical patients and develop a screening method appropriate for patients with perioperative OSA risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 162 presurgical pre-anesthesia clinic patients were enrolled. Screening questions determined eligibility. Those who were pregnant or aged \u3c 19 were excluded. Control group included those with a STOP-BANG score \u3c 3. Experimental group included those with BMI \u3e 35 and OSA diagnosis. Examiners photographed participants\u27 eyes with vertical and horizontal retraction while two blinded ophthalmologists used a grading scale to review grade of eyelid laxity. RESULTS: Differences in habitus, ASA score, and hypertension as a comorbidity were significant. Sensitivity of FES screening was 52% (CI 37-66%) and specificity was 56% (CI 46-66%) for reviewer 1. For reviewer 2, sensitivity was 48% (CI 28-69%) and specificity was 72% (CI 60-81%). Negative predictive value was 86% (CI 81-90) for reviewer 1 and 88% (CI 83-92%) for reviewer 2. Inter-rater agreement was moderate. CONCLUSION: While specificity and sensitivity were lower than anticipated, negative predictive value was high. Given this strong negative predictive value, our findings indicate using eyelid retraction to screen for FES has perioperative clinical utility. These findings encourage further research addressing the connection of lid laxity/FES to OSA. KEY POINTS: • Aimed to investigate if a FES screening tool could identify perioperative OSA risk. • Negative predictive value for FES with OSA was 86%. • Observing periocular lid laxity has clinical utility; is feasible in any patient