Antifungal Activity of Type III Dental Gypsum Incorporated with 3-iodo-2- Propynyl-Butylcarbamate

The fungal growth on dental model can damage and affect the physical appearance of the gypsum. Fungi can be transferred among patients and dental personnel. Moreover, they relate to numerous illnesses. Thus, the development of antifungal dental gypsum is required to avoid the fungal growth on dental models. This study evaluated antifungal properties of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate (IPBC) incorporated into type III dental gypsum. Three types of dental gypsum (Sirius, Ultima, France, 0.005% w/w IPBC and non-IPBC Siam Moulding Plaster, Thailand) were tested according to modified ASTM G 21-96 method with Penicillium notatum MI-311, Aspergillus flavus MI-321, and Aspergillus spp. isolated from orthodontic models. 50 μL of spore suspension of each fungus (104CFU/mL) was dropped on the prepared gypsum samples and incubated at room temperature, ≥85% relative humidity for 28 days. Fungal growth was visually scored. No fungal growth was observed on IPBC gypsum while 2 strains of Aspergillus spp. could be found on sirius gypsum. Type III dental gypsum incorporated with IPBC shows significant antifungal activity (p < .001) compared with non-IPBC and Sirius groups. This developed gypsum with IPBC can be used to fabricate dental models to prevent any damages from fungal growth

Mechanisms Regulating Skin Pigmentation: The Rise and Fall of Complexion Coloration

Skin pigmentary abnormalities are seen as aesthetically unfavorable and have led to the development of cosmetic and therapeutic treatment modalities of varying efficacy. Hence, several putative depigmenting agents aimed at modulating skin pigmentation are currently being researched or sold in commercially available products. In this review we will discuss the regulation of processes that control skin complexion coloration. This includes direct inhibition of tyrosinase and related melanogenic enzymes, regulation of melanocyte homeostasis, alteration of constitutive and facultative pigmentation and down-regulation of melanosome transfer to the keratinocytes. These various processes, in the complex mechanism of skin pigmentation, can be regulated individually or concomitantly to alter complexion coloration and thus ameliorate skin complexion diseases