Design and Performance Analysis of a Non-Standard EPICS Fast Controller

The large scientific projects present new technological challenges, such as the distributed control over a communication network. In particular, the middleware EPICS is the most extended communication standard in particle accelerators. The integration of modern control architectures in these EPICS networks is becoming common, as for example for the PXI/PXIe and xTCA hardware alternatives. In this work, a different integration procedure for PXIe real time controllers from National Instruments is proposed, using LabVIEW as the design tool. This methodology is considered and its performance is analyzed by means of a set of laboratory experiments. This control architecture is proposed for achieving the implementation requirements of the fast controllers, which need an important amount of computational power and signal processing capability, with a tight real-time demand. The present work studies the advantages and drawbacks of this methodology and presents its comprehensive evaluation by means of a laboratory test bench, designed for the application of systematic tests. These tests compare the proposed fast controller performance with a similar system implemented using an standard EPICS IOC provided by the CODAC system.Comment: This is the extended version of the Conference Record presented in the IEEE Real-Time Conference 2014, Nara, Japan. This paper has been submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Scienc

L'Adquisició de competències matemàtiques d'alumnes de primària en contextos de jocs de taula i resolució de problemes

En aquest article es presenta una reflexió teòrica i metodològica sobre una manera d'entendre l'aprenentatge i l'ensenyament de les matemàtiques, basat en un enfocament competencial. Des d'aquesta perspectiva, hem anat dissenyant i implementant seqüències didàctiques, validades en diferents aules de primària d'Europa i Llatinoamèrica, que busquen tant el desenvolupament de la competència matemàticael coneixement matemàtic, els processos associats a l'activitat matemàtica i el context d'aprenentatge i el desenvolupament d'altres competències, com l'argumentativa i l'autonomia personal. La proposta que presentem pretén ser una petita aportació a aquest gran desafiament, mostrant que és possible desenvolupar competències matemàtiques en un context d'ús didàctic de jocs de taula. En particular, ens centrem en el desenvolupament d'estratègies de resolució de problemes i tècniques de càlcul mental i, en general, en el desenvolupament del sentit numèric fraccionari.This paper presents a theoretical and methodological reflection about one way to understand learning and teaching mathematics, based on a competence approach. From this perspective, we have been designing and implementing didactic sequences, validated in primary classrooms in Europe and Latin America, seeking both the development of mathematical competencemathematical knowledge, the processes associated with mathematical activity, and the learning context and the development of other skills, such as the argumentative ability and personal autonomy. Our proposal aims to be a small contribution to this great challenge, showing that it is possible to develop mathematical skills in a context with an educational game. In particular, we focus on the development of strategies for problem solving and mental calculation techniques and, in general, the development of fractional number sense

L'Adquisició de competències matemàtiques d'alumnes de primària en contextos de jocs de taula i resolució de problemes

En aquest article es presenta una reflexió teòrica i metodològica sobre una manera d'entendre l'aprenentatge i l'ensenyament de les matemàtiques, basat en un enfocament competencial. Des d'aquesta perspectiva, hem anat dissenyant i implementant seqüències didàctiques, validades en diferents aules de primària d'Europa i Llatinoamèrica, que busquen tant el desenvolupament de la competència matemàtica—el coneixement matemàtic, els processos associats a l'activitat matemàtica i el context d'aprenentatge— i el desenvolupament d'altres competències, com l'argumentativa i l'autonomia personal. La proposta que presentem pretén ser una petita aportació a aquest gran desafiament, mostrant que és possible desenvolupar competències matemàtiques en un context d'ús didàctic de jocs de taula. En particular, ens centrem en el desenvolupament d'estratègies de resolució de problemes i tècniques de càlcul mental i, en general, en el desenvolupament del sentit numèric fraccionari.This paper presents a theoretical and methodological reflection about one way to understand learning and teaching mathematics, based on a competence approach. From this perspective, we have been designing and implementing didactic sequences, validated in primary classrooms in Europe and Latin America, seeking both the development of mathematical competence—mathematical knowledge, the processes associated with mathematical activity, and the learning context— and the development of other skills, such as the argumentative ability and personal autonomy. Our proposal aims to be a small contribution to this great challenge, showing that it is possible to develop mathematical skills in a context with an educational game. In particular, we focus on the development of strategies for problem solving and mental calculation techniques and, in general, the development of fractional number sense

La Desregulación de la televisión local en España : el caso de Castilla y León /

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Características de la canal y calidad instrumental de la carne en cabritos y corderos lechales

Meat from very young, milk-fed, small ruminants is an appreciated product in Mediterranean countries where milk is the main product derived from the herds. Nevertheless, many aspects of the quality of the products are virtually unknown for many goat breeds, especially among those that are reared for their meat. In this study, the quality from 50 animals from 5 local goat breeds (one dairy purpose and 4 meat purpose) and 19 lambs (from Churra, a dairy breed) was compared at commercial cold carcass weights of 4.4-6.6 kg. Carcass quality, ultimate pH and meat colour were assessed following standard procedures. Statistical differences (p < 0.05) were found in all of the variables analysed. Some of these differences might have been due to the influence of the genotype, the dam’s production potential, or differences in carcass weight and age, but most were species dependent. Lambs differed from the kids, especially from those of meat purpose breeds, due to their high proportion of bone (25.0 vs. 21.3 to 23.7%), and a more intense meat colour (higher hue: 29.2 vs. 23.4 to 28.7, and chroma: 14.6 vs. 12.1 to 14.6). Among the goat breeds, Murciano Granadina (dairy breed) and Blanca Celtibérica (meat breed) were the most different in terms of carcass morphology, fatness, and meat colour. The other three local meat-purpose goat breeds (Moncaína, Negra Serrana, and Pirenaica) differed little. To obtain a better understanding of goat species, the differences among breeds, in kids or in their most common products, require further studies. Additional key words: carcass morphology; colour; goat; pH; sheep; tissue composition.La carne de lechal es muy apreciada en los países mediterráneos, en los que la leche es una producción fundamental. Además, muchos aspectos de los productos de las razas caprinas locales son prácticamente desconocidos. En este estudio se analizó la calidad de 50 animales de 5 razas caprinas (una lechera y 4 de aptitud cárnica) y de 19 corderos (raza Churra de tipo lechero), a pesos comerciales de 4,4-6,6 kg de canal fría. Se evaluaron la calidad de la canal, el pH último y el color de la carne, siguiendo metodologías estandarizadas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en todas las variables analizadas. Algunas de estas diferencias se podrían justificar por diferencias raciales, potencial lechero de las madres o peso canal final, pero la mayor parte fueron debidas a la especie considerada. Los corderos fueron diferentes, especialmente de los cabritos de razas con orientación predominantemente cárnica, en la proporción de hueso (25,0 vs. 21,3-23,7%) y color de carne más intenso (superiores valores de tono: 29,2 vs. 23,4-28,7 y saturación: 14,6 vs. 12,1-14,6). Entre las razas caprinas, la Murciano Granadina (raza de aptitud lechera) y la Blanca Celtibérica (raza cárnica) fueron las más diferentes en morfología de la canal, engrasamiento y color de carne. Las otras tres razas de aptitud cárnica (Moncaína, Negra Serrana y Pirenaica) fueron poco diferentes entre sí. Para conocer mejor a la especie caprina, las diferencias entre razas y la calidad de sus productos, son necesarios una mayor cantidad de estudios

Homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates : DAR 2 anti-HER2 obtained by conjugation on isolated light chain followed by mAb assembly

Despite advances in medical care, cancer remains a major threat to human health. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising targeted therapy to overcome adverse side effects to normal tissues. In this field, the current challenge is obtaining homogeneous preparations of conjugates, where a defined number of drugs are conjugated to specific antibody sites. Site-directed cysteine-based conjugation is commonly used to obtain homogeneous ADC, but it is a time-consuming and expensive approach due to the need for extensive antibody engineering to identify the optimal conjugation sites and reduction - oxidation protocols are specific for each antibody. There is thus a need for ADC platforms that offer homogeneity and direct applicability to the already approved antibody therapeutics. Here we describe a novel approach to derive homogeneous ADCs with drug-to-antibody ratio of 2 from any human immunoglobulin 1 (IgG), using trastuzumab as a model. The method is based on the production of heavy chains (HC) and light chains (LC) in two recombinant HEK293 independent cultures, so the original amino acid sequence is not altered. Isolated LC was effectively conjugated to a single drug-linker (vcMMAE) construct and mixed to isolated HC dimers, in order to obtain a correctly folded ADC. The relevance of the work was validated in terms of ADC homogeneity (HIC-HPLC, MS), purity (SEC-HPLC), isolated antigen recognition (ELISA) and biological activity (HER2-positive breast cancer cells cytotoxicity assays)