Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: A review and a debate based on available clinical trials/case studies

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a drug grabbed serious attention of whole world in dealing with COVID-19 pandemic. Recently some in-vitro and in-vivo study showing possible inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by use of HCQ. However at the same time, some case studies showing NO clinical benefit/ poor clinical outcome with substantial detrimental adverse effects by use of HCQ in treatment of coronavirus disease-2019. Thus, the HCQ use (in COVID-19 treatment) is of current international interest, although a consensus has not yet been reached. More evidences are still required to prove efficacy of HCQ against COVID-19. In view of this, the present review highlights the current ongoing research related to use of HCQ in treatment coronavirus disease-2019. The present review will discuss the possible anti-viral mechanism of HCQ, prophylaxis strategy and effect of HCQ against SARS-CoV-2 virus in-vitro study. Further this review also summarizes and debates all available clinical trials/ case studies of HCQ use against COVID-19 (with clinical outcome). Finally possible detrimental adverse effects are also discussed considering the public health and pharmacovigilance concern. Keywords: Potency of hydroxychloroquine; COVID-19; Coronavirus disease-2019; Clinical trials; SARS-CoV-2; Adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine; Pharmacovigilance concer

Ambient Air Quality of Nashik City 2017 (Maharashtra, India)

Ambient air quality of Nasik city was monitored during the year 2017. Criteria pollutants selected for the monitoring was, sulphur dioxide (SO2) & nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and PM10 (Particulate Matter having aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 µm) for the period of January 2017 to December 2017. Sampling was done for successive periods of about 4 hours for sulphur dioxides (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and 8 hours for Respirable suspended particulate matter (PM10) for 24 hours. For Air Quality Monitoring, four representative sites were selected i.e. Industrial-S1-I-VIP, Commercial- S2-R-RTO and Residential-S3-C-NMC and Industrial-S4-I-UB. High volume air sampler were used to measure the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxides (SO2) and Respirable suspended particulate matter (PM10). The results reported pertain to an eight hour successive continuous air sampling exercise carried out at each of the four selected locations in Nasik city. The value of PM10 (Particles ≥ 10µ, PM 10µg/m3)  was  noted  to  be  crossing  the  permissible   limit   and  exceeded  the  National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) at all locations. The concentration of SO2 and NO2 was within the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS, National Ambient Air Quality Standers, November 18, 2009) at all the locations. Keywords: PM10, Ambient Air Quality (AQI), National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), Pollutant, Urban air sampling, Transport emissions

Prospective study of management of unstable intertrochantric femur fractures in elderly: hemiarthroplasty vs. osteosynthesis by proximal femoral nail

Background: A prospective study was done to compare the outcomes of management of unstable intertrochantric femur fractures in elderly by hemiarthroplasty and osteosynthesis by proximal femoral nail.Methods: This was an interventional prospective study. The study was carried out over 3 years from 2019 to 2022 at PCMC’s PGI YCMH, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India. The study was carried out over 3 years from 2019 to 2022;50 Patients were randomly divided into two groups; Group A (unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture patients treated by bipolar hemi-arthroplasty) and Group B (unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture patients treated by proximal femoral nailing) with 25 patients in each group. Outcomes were evaluated based on functional outcomes, mean surgical time, mean blood loss during surgery, post-operative length of stay, post-operative complications. Harris hip Score was used to assess clinical functional outcomes.Results: The PFN group showed a better Harris Hip score at 1, 3, and 6 months follow ups. Mean surgical time was more in bipolar hemiarthroplasty group. Mean blood loss during surgery was more in bipolar hemiarthroplasty group. Post-operative length of stay was more in bipolar hemiarthroplasty group. Post-operative complications like infections, limb length discrepencies were more in bipolar hemiarthroplasty group, whereas 2 implant failures occurred in PFN group compared to a single one in bipolar hemiarthroplasty group.Conclusions: Both PFN and bipolar-hemiarthroplasty appear to produce satisfactory outcomes in surgically treated unstable IT fractures, bipolar-hemiarthroplasty has the advantages of early mobilization and early weight bearing, no risk of non-union but PFN group is superior when it comes to functional outcomes, mean surgical time, Mean blood loss during surgery, post-operative length of stay, post-operative complications

Prospective study comparing early functional outcome and gait analysis in femoral neck fracture treated by cemented hemiarthroplasty using modified Hardinge approach and conventional posterior approach

Background: A prospective study was done to compare the outcomes of management of fracture neck of femur by cemented hemiarthroplasty using modified Hardinge approach and conventional posterior approachMethods: The 2019 to 2022 50 patients underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture. Group A (Femoral neck fracture treated using conventional posterior approach) and group B (Femoral neck fracture treated using modified Hardinge approach) with 25 patients in each group. Outcomes were evaluated based on mean surgical time and Harris hip score and SF-36.Results: Mean duration of surgery in minutes was more for modified Hardinge approach. Harris hip score with standard deviation for modified Hardinge Approach for follow-ups was better and statistically significant than posterior approach. Similarly, quality of life after surgery, in terms of mean SF-36 score with standard deviation for modified Hardinge approach was better and statistically significant than posterior approach. Modified Hardinge approach has fewer complications in comparison to the posterior approach. With the advantages comes a longer learning curve to operate without complications. Hence, with proper surgical technique, and proper tight closure, we prefer the modified Hardinge approach over other approaches as it had nil dislocations and abductor lurch.Conclusions: Modified Hardinge approach for hip arthroplasty in elderly people with femoral neck fracture provide significant benefit in the early post operative period when compared to conventional posterior approach in terms of post operative pain, time of recovery, dislocation rate and quality of life

Cytotoxic effect of methanolic extracts and partially purified fractions of some medicinal plants used in traditional medication

119-126In this study, the cytotoxic activity of methanolic extracts different parts of seven plant species was checked on NRK-52E (Rat renal proximal tubular cells) using MTT assay. Based on their cytotoxic activities, methanol extract of Vitex negundo (V. negundo) was selected and their partition in hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water was done. Among all fractions, chloroform fraction was most active on NRK-52E cells as determined by MTT assay. In NRK-52E cells induction of apoptosis was checked by analyzing DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis. To study the molecular mechanism of apoptosis, expression levels of different genes BCL-2, BCL-Xl, SOD, TGF, Foxo and BAX were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. Chloroform fraction of Vitex negundo (VnCE) was found to be highly antiproliferative and also showed DNA fragmentation in NRK-52E cells. VnCE showed up regulation of BCL-2, BCL-Xl, SOD, Foxo and BAX genes and down regulation of TGF gene

Information Searching Using Web Data Extraction for Acquiring Enrich MM Results

There are many question answer sites are available now a day. In that Community Question Answering Sites are achieved lots of popularity over last years. But the drawback of available question answering system is that it can only provide multiple solutions of the textual answer and user need to select one of them. In this paper, we propose a scheme that enriches the textual answer with multimedia data. Our scheme consists of four models: QA pair extraction, answer medium selection, query generation and selection and presentation. The type media information added with the textual data is determined. The question answer pair is generated from the available Community Question Answering Sites database. Query is generated for the multimedia data. The final resulting data must be selected after re-ranking and removal operation and then present to the user. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15014

A Run-time Detection System for Malicious URLs in Twitter

Twitter is web based application which provide the service of sharing and mentioning the tweets and messages, which is social networking service. Twitter message could be a context information, or a URLs. Spam, scam, malicious distribution can be done easily with these URLs, spams and malicious data are usually a suspicious URLs with share another URLs in it. These URLs are known as URLs redirect chains, it is a repetition URLs. They itself contain too many URLs which is called as spam URLs. Generally there are several schemes to find such spam URLs, and they are evasion using time – based and evasion using crawling. This system is design to find- detect such spam or suspicious URLs- tweets from many other tweets, The URLS redirect chains frequently share the same URLs, and have been reused usually by attackers because they have limited resources. A Run-time Detection System for Malicious URLs in Twitter has method to show and detect the suspiciousness of the correlated URLs redirect chains, which are commonly shared URLs. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15013

Effect of Phosphorus Nutrition on Growth and Physiology of Cotton Under Ambient and Elevated Carbon Dioxide

Phosphorous deficiency in soil limits crop growth and productivity in the majority of arable lands worldwide and may moderate the growth enhancement effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. To evaluate the interactive effect of these two factors on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growth and physiology, plants were grown in controlled environment growth chambers with three levels of phosphate (Pi) supply (0.20, 0.05 and 0.01 mM) under ambient and elevated (400 and 800 μmol mol‒1, respectively) CO2. Phosphate stress caused stunted growth and resulted in early leaf senescence with severely decreased leaf area and photosynthesis. Phosphate stress led to over 77 % reduction in total biomass across CO2 levels. There was a below-ground (roots) shift in biomass partitioning under Pi deficiency. While tissue phosphorus (P) decreased, tissue nitrogen (N) content tended to increase under Pi deficiency. The CO2 × Pi interactions were significant on leaf area, photosynthesis and biomass accumulation. The stimulatory effect of elevated CO2 on growth and photosynthesis was reduced or highly depressed suggesting an increased sensitivity of cotton to Pi deficiency under elevated CO2. Although, tissue P and stomatal conductance were lower at elevated CO2, these did not appear to be the main causes of cotton unresponsiveness to elevated CO2 under severe Pi-stress. The alteration in the uptake and utilization of N was suggested due to a consistent reduction (18–21 %) in the cotton plant tissue N content under elevated CO2

Multi-Language based Android Application for Motor Control

some wise individual once aforementioned that system could be a system wherever we will finish off the machine whenever we'd like. That’s the distinction between controlled and uncontrolled system. Our project is regarding create this system economical and dynamic. Because the name instructed the automated management is for dominant the motor from remote place, look over its operational conditions; get feedback from the motor itself. Our target is to manage the motor from distant place by mobile DTMF tone and conjointly get feedback by SMS whereas it's in ON or OFF condition. We tend to conjointly make sure the safe operation of the motor by police investigation the voltage of the supply and guarantee feedback from system whereas it's over or below voltage. Once more we tend to conjointly get these feedbacks by SMS additionally. GSM network is all over in our country that’s why we decide GSM network to control our motor conjointly transferring feedback data through it. We tend to conjointly use GSM network as a result of if we tend to use it then we tend to don’t have to be compelled to establish further instrumentation for networking. To transmit feedback signals we tend to use GSM electronic equipment at the motor finish conjointly generate management signal by mobile DTMF as a result of it's terribly simple to get DTMF by mobile station and send feedback SMS by electronic equipment additionally. In industrial sector we tend to hope our project is become handy and value effective to control motor and provides its protection

An Intrusion Detection System Algorithm for Defending MANET against the DDoS Attacks.

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is rapidly deployable, self configuring network able to communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized system. There is no need for existing infrastructure base network. In MANET Wireless medium is radio frequencies and nodes are mobile, topology can be very dynamically. Nodes must be able to relay traffic since communicating nodes might be out of range. A MANET can be a standalone network or it can be connected to external networks like internet. Multihop operation of MANET requires a routing mechanism designed for mobile nodes are internet access mechanisms, self configuring networks requires an address allocation mechanism, mechanism to detect and act on, merging of existing networks and security mechanisms. As we know that there is no any centralized system so routing is done by node itself. Due to its mobility and self routing capability nature, there are many weaknesses in its security